Population

Year Birth Rate Death Rate Natural Increase

1990 25 5 20
1993 25 6 19
2001 19 4 15
natural increase add birthrate minus natural birth rate minus death
death rate increase rate
(No need to write the table)
Definitions
Birthrate- refers to the number of live births each year out of each 1000 persons in a country
Death Rate- refers to the number of deaths out of each 1000 persons in a country
Natural Increase- is used when the number of births is greater than the number of deaths
Factors which affect Natural Increase:
Birth rates are affected by
 Number of women of child bearing age
 Economic conditions of a country
 Availability and acceptance of family planning
 Government policy towards population control
Death rates are affected by
 Medical facilities
 Nutritional levels
 Population structure
 Level of development
Birth rates are higher in countries with a young population while where there is a large number of
elderly people the death rate is higher
Infant Mortality Rate is obtained by calculating the number of each year for every 1000 children
under one-year-old.
Life Expectancy of a population is the average number of years that persons in a given population are
expected to live.
Overpopulation
Causes
 Fall in death rate as a result of improvement in environmental sanitation and new discoveries in
medicine
 Lack of effective population education and control methods
 Under development and use of natural resources
Reasons why overpopulation is a problem
 Low standard of living
 High Crime rates
 High underemployment
 Pressure on education housing and health
Solutions
 Improve education on population control methods
 Greater use of technology in areas such as agriculture to ensure productivity and employment
Under population
Causes
 Natural causes- volcanoes, floods, earthquakes
 Inadequate infrastructure
 Wars
 Difficult terrain
Depopulation is a condition that exists when an area loses its population as a result of:
 People moving away due to famine
 People moving away I search of new pastures for animals
 Political unrest and wars
 Increase in criminal activities and violence
 People being relocated because of increased mining activities
Population control and economic development
Policies and population programs aimed at regularizing or controlling their country’s birth rate.
Families are encouraged to limit the number of children they produce through use of contraceptive
methods. Family Life Education has become part of the school curricula.