Chapter 1 MMW

CHAPTER 1
MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD
With the rise of digital technology, many changes took place. Many new and bright ideas, knowledge and
insights were introduced in the society that had improve every mankind’s way of living. In your everyday life,
how often have you paused to appreciate the beauty of things surrounding you? Have you even noticed that
you do the same routine tasks every day? Have you even wondered why some social media posts become
“trending” while others don’t even get a single reaction? Have you noticed the sudden change in your routines
during the COVID-19 pandemic?
No matter how fast-paced this society is, peoples’ brain still tends to recognize and follow patterns,
whether consciously or subconsciously. Recognizing patterns is indeed a natural thing that the brain does. Early
humans had used patterns and their awareness to these patterns, such as the interval of day and night, the cycle
of the moon, appearance of birds and the changing of dry to wet season,, had allowed them to survive.Truly,
Mathematics plays a vital role in everyone’s culture. Mathematics as a science also relies on both logic and
creativity.
For some people, the essence of mathematics lies in its beauty and its intellectual challenge. But for those
whose works are mathematics-related, like engineers and scientists, the main value of mathematics is how it is
applied in their different fields of specialization. Thus, because of the multifaceted role of mathematics in the life
of the people, understanding the nature of mathematics has become indispensable. So in order to be able to
use mathematics to facilitate performance of activities such as problem solving which is abound in life, one needs
to perceive and understand mathematics as part of the everyday life, comprehend and appreciate the very nature
of mathematical thinking, and be acquainted with the important mathematical ideas and skills.
This chapter presents patterns and regularities in the world, both in nature and in human endeavors. It
will also cover discussions on the importance of Mathematics and its applications in various fields and in everyday
living.
1|Prepared by: Monica S. Alimondo; Julie A. Buasen; Danni Loven A. Fulwani; Phil S. Ocampo; Serano L.
Oryan; Kenneth B. Pakipac; Nick W. Sibaen
BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

Lesson 1.1
PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE AND THE WORLD
Objectives:
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
1. Identify patterns in nature and regularities in the world.
2. Argue about the nature of mathematics, what is it, how it is expressed, represented and used.
3. Express appreciation for mathematics as a human endeavor.
One of the most interesting aspects of the world is that it can be considered
to be made up of patterns. A pattern is essentially an arrangement. It is
characterized by the order of the elements of which it is made rather than by the
intrinsic nature of these elements. - Norbert Wiener
Also, pattern includes a repeated or recurring design. It is either natural or human-made. Patterns are
everywhere and are encountered everyday - from the layout of the floor tiles, the design of fabrics/textiles, the
blocks played by kids, the arm and leg movements in an exercise, to the arrangement of books in a library.
Studying patterns helps people identify the relationships and logical connections of things that would allow
them to generalize or predict events.
Consider these patterns:

a. What number comes next in 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ____?
b. What number comes next in 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ____?
c.
d.
?
Which of the following image will complete the pattern?
For any patterns, it is necessary to try to analyse what is happening before you can predict the next
number, or the pattern.
Number Patterns
Generally, patterns in numbers are sequence in a given set or series of numbers. The pattern usually
establishes a common relationship among all the numbers in the set. In Mathematics, a basic and common
number pattern is called a sequence. The numbers in the sequence are called the term; that is, the first number

is the first term, the second number is the second term and so on. In predicting a number pattern, at least 4 or
5 numbers are provided as basis; otherwise, the predicted pattern may not hold for all the numbers under
consideration.
There are many interesting number patterns in Mathematics. The common mathematical sequences are
the arithmetic sequence and the geometric sequence. Other number patterns include triangular numbers, square
numbers, cube numbers, pentagonal numbers, and others. Aside from arithmetic and geometric sequences, a
special number pattern to be discussed in this chapter is the Fibonacci sequence.
Sequences in Mathematics
1. Arithmetic Sequence - is a sequence of numbers in which the difference between any two consecutive
numbers or expressions is the same.
Example1.1.1
a. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10
b. 5, 10, 15, 20, 25
2. Geometric Sequence – is a sequence of numbers in which each term is formed by multiplying the
previous terms by a number called the common ratio.
Example1.1.2
a. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48
b. 3, 9, 27, 81, 243
3. Fibonacci Sequence – this is a special sequence of numbers where each number in a term is the sum
of the two preceding numbers.
Fibonacci Sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, …
Logic Patterns
Pattern recognition is one of the most important skill in solving problems not only in Mathematics but
also in everyday life. Just like in number patterns, logic patterns also reveal a relationship among the pictures or
images. The ability in logical reasoning and the skill to observe patterns are considered to be the very essence
of Mathematics. In fact, it is one of the most important and considered as the core component in measuring
one’s Intelligence Quotient (IQ). Items in logical reasoning are commonly included in standardized tests that are
usually administered in career placement examinations.

Example 1.1.3
a. What image will complete the given pattern?
?
b. What will be next image in this pattern?
?
Word Patterns
Pattern is also present in language in terms of morphological rules in plurals of nouns, verb tenses, as
well as in metrical rules of poetry. It focuses on the form and syntax of the word, phrase or sentence.
Example 1.1.4
a. knife – knives wife – wives life – lives

b. fry – fried cry – cried try – tried
Nature Patterns
Patterns in nature are everywhere. These are regularities of form found in the natural world and can also
be seen in the universe.
Look at the following examples of patterns and you might be able to observe some of these the next time
you go for a walk.
1. Snowflakes contains six-fold symmetry and are unique. No two snowflakes are exactly the same.

2. Patterns can be seen among fishes. These are observed in the following sea creatures: spotted trunkfish,
spotted puffer, blue spotted stingray, spotted moral eel, coral grouper, red lion fish, yellow boxfish and
angel fish. Their stripes and spots are regularities in biological growth and form.
3. The different zoo animals like zebras, tigers, cats and snakes are covered in patterns of stripes; leopards
and hyenas are also covered with spots that has patterns and giraffes are covered in pattern of blotches.
The waves across the oceans, sand dunes on deserts, formation of typhoon, water drop with ripple and
among others are examples of natural patterns. Other patterns in nature can also be seen in a ball of
mackerel, tornado formations and alignment of stars in the skies at night.
4.

5. Honeycombs of the bees show specific regular repeating hexagons.
4.6. Spider webs illustrate a beautiful pattern. The spider creates a structure by performing innate
steps. Age of the trees can be determined by applying dendrochronology which is a scientific method
of dating based on the amount of rings found in the core of a tree.
5.7. Turtles have growth rings called “scutes” which are hexagonal. Scutes estimates the age of the
turtle. Smallest scute is in the center and is the oldest one, while the largest ones on the outside are the
newer ones.
6.8. Foam
bubbles formed by trapping pockets of gas in a
liquid or solid.
7.9. Cracks can also be found on the barks of trees which show some sort of weakness in the bark. A
meander on the other hand is one of a series of regular sinuous curves, bends, loops, turns, or windings
in the channel of the body of water.
Geometric Patterns in Nature and Around Us
Mathematics is all around us. Did you know that you can describe your environment mathematically? As
one learns and discovers more about the environment, one gets to learn how to mathematically describe the
environment. The beauty of a flower, the wonderful animal coverings, the rock formations and even the trees
around exhibit nature’s sense of symmetry. Have you ever thought about how nature likes to arrange itself in
patterns in order to act efficiently? These patterns tell something important about the nature aside from telling
everyone that nature is indeed a beautiful art to watch.
Geometric patterns in nature are visible regularities that can be observed from the environment. These
patterns can be modelled mathematically and these includes natural patterns like symmetries, tessellations,
meanders, waves, fractals, stripes, cracks and trees. The early Greek philosophers such as Plato and Pythagoras
used patterns to understand the laws of nature. Over time, the study of patterns and their uses in understanding
phenomena have developed progressively.

Types of Patterns
A. Symmetry – refers to an object that is invariant to various forms of transformations. This exists
whenever a figure or an object looks the same under a transformation. Symmetry in everyday language refers to
a sense of harmonious and beautiful proportion of balance. The common kinds of symmetry are
reflection/reflective symmetry and rotational symmetry.
*The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry.
1. Reflection (bilateral) symmetry – a symmetry in which the left and right sides of the organism can be
divided into approximately mirror image or reflection of each other along the midline. The midline is
also called the central line or the mirror line. Symmetry exists in living things such as in insects,
animals, plants, flowers and others. Animals have mainly bilateral or vertical symmetry, even leaves of
plants and some flowers such as orchids.
2. Radial Symmetry (or rotational symmetry) – is a symmetry around a fixed point which is known as the
center. Radial symmetry can be classified as either cyclic or dihedral.
In cyclic symmetry, each rotation will have an angle of 360/n and is denoted by Cn, where n is the number
of rotations. For example, an object having C3 symmetry would have three rotations of 120 degrees.
Dihedral symmetries have reflection symmetries in addition

to rotational symmetry. Dihedral symmetries are represented with
the notation Dn where n is the number of rotations, as well as the
number of reflection mirrors present. Each rotation angle is equal
to 360/n degrees and the angle between each mirror is 180/n
degrees. Example, an object with D4 symmetry has four
rotations, each angle at 90 degrees and four reflection mirrors, each angle between them is 45 degrees.

B. Fractal – is a curve or geometric figure which is a result of shrinking and moving applied many times.
In fractals, the structure and appearance of each component part is similar to the whole.
The word “fractal” was coined by Belgian mathematician, Benoit Mandelbrot, in 1980. Mandelbrot used
the word fractal to denote fraction. This is after he noticed that the self-similar shapes have the property of not
being one-dimensional or two-dimensional, but instead, of fractional dimension. Fractals possess self-similarity,
fractional dimension and formation by iteration.
The properties [s1]of a fractal can be observed in nature. For example, a tree grows by repetitive
branching. This same kind of branching can be seen in lightning bolts and the veins in human body. Examine a
single fern or an aerial view of an entire river system and you’ll see fractal patterns.
Example of Sierpinski Triangle

showing properties of fractals
C. Spirals - are patterns that center on a point and moves in a circular path farther from the given point.
A logarithmic spiral or growth spiral is a self-similar spiral curve which often appears in nature. It was first
described by Rene Descartes and was later on investigated by Jacob Bernoulli. Examples of spirals are pine cones,
pineapples, hurricanes.
Lesson 1.2
THE FIBONACCI
SEQUENCE AND
THE GOLDEN
RATIO
Objectives:
1. Discuss various applications of Fibonacci sequence and the golden ratio.
2. Examine Fibonacci sequence in nature and in art.

3. Calculate golden ratio in objects.
The Fibonacci Sequence

Leonardo
Fibonacci
As introduced in the lesson 1.1, the Fibonacci sequence is a series of numbers where a number is found
by adding up the two numbers before it. Starting with 0 and 1, the sequence goes 0, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34,
and so forth. Written as a rule, the expression is
𝑿𝒏 = 𝑿𝒏−𝟏 + 𝑿𝒏−𝟐
The sequence was named after Leonardo Fibonacci, also known as Leonardo of Pisa or Leonardo Pisano.
It was first introduced in his Liber Abbaci (Book of Calculation) in 1202. This book contains the problem created
by Fibonacci that concerns the birth rate of rabbits. Here is the Fibonacci’s rabbit problem:
At the beginning of a month, you are given a pair of newborn rabbits. After a month, the
rabbits produced no offspring; however, every month thereafter, the pair of rabbits produces
another pair of rabbits. The offspring reproduce in exactly the same manner. If none of the rabbits
dies, how many pairs of rabbits will there be at the start of each succeeding month?
The solution of the given problem resulted to what we call now as Fibonacci sequence. It is the sequence
1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, 89, 144, 233, 377…and its terms the Fibonacci numbers.
GROWTH OF RABBIT COLONY

Mont Adult Young Tot
hs Pairs Pairs al
1 1 1 2
2 2 1 3
3 3 2 5
4 5 3 8
5 8 5 13
6 13 8 21
7 21 13 34
8 34 21 55
9 55 34 89
10 89 55 144
11 144 89 233
12 233 144 377

Fibonacci Numbers in Nature
There are lots of flower petals that exhibit the Fibonacci number. Among these are the white calla lily
containing 1 petal, euphorbia with 2 petals, trillium with 3 petals, columbine with 5 petals, bloodroot with 8
petals, black-eyed susan with 13 petals, shasta daisies with 21 petals, field daisies with 34 petals and other types
of daisies with 55 and 89 petals.
Fibonacci Sequence in Nature
Fibonacci sequence is also seen in different objects.

The sunflower seed shows a Fibonacci sequence. The pattern of two
spirals in opposing directions, clockwise and counter-clockwise,
are consecutive Fibonacci numbers and usually contains 34 and 55
seeds.
Fibonacci numbers are also evident in spirals of a pine

cone. We can count 13 and 8 spirals in each direction, both
Fibonacci numbers.
Image Credit: http://www.maths.surrey.ac.uk/hosted-
ites/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat.html
The Fibonacci sequence can also be observed in the
way tree branches are formed or split. A main trunk grows
until it has branches and soon creates two growth points.
Then, one of the new stems branches into two, while the other
one lies dormant. This pattern of branching is repeated for
each of the new stems. The sneezewort tree and algae display
Image Credit: http://www.maths.surrey.ac.uk/hosted-
exhibit such kind of pattern. sites/R.Knott/Fibonacci/fibnat.html
10 | P r e p a r e d b y : Monica S. Alimondo; Julie A. Buasen; Danni Loven A. Fulwani; Phil S. Ocampo; Serano L.

The Golden Ratio
The Fibonacci sequence has interesting and mysterious properties. Aside from the fact that the sequence
is very visible in nature, the ratios of the successive Fibonacci numbers approach to the number phi (Φ), also
known as the golden ratio which is approximately equal to 1.618.
The golden ratio was first called as the Divine Proportion in the early 1500s in Leonardo da Vinci’s work
which was explored by Luca Pacioli entitled “De Divina Proportione” in 1509.
The golden ratio (Φ) is the ratio between two numbers, a and b where a is greater than b, if it is also the
ratio between the sum and the larger of the two numbers as in the equation below.
b a a/b
𝒂+𝒃 𝒂 3 1.5
𝝋= = = 𝟏. 𝟔𝟏𝟖𝟎𝟑𝟑𝟗𝟖𝟕 ….
𝒂 𝒃 3 5 1.666666666…
5 8 1.6
8 13 1.625
13 21 1.615384615...
21 34 1.61905
34 55 1.61765
. . .
. . .
144 233 1.618055556...
233 377 1.618025751...

The Golden Rectangle
A golden rectangle comprises of squares that is

represented by the numbers in the Fibonacci
sequence. Spirals among flowers, shells of snails, human
embryo and ears exhibit the golden rectangle. This is
also seen in different artworks and in architecture.
The Golden Ratio in Nature

Image Credit:
https://mindblown.smumn.edu/uncategorized/
The Golden Ratio manifests itself can-beauty-be-explained-through-math/ in many places
across the universe, including Earth’s nature and even
to our human body parts.
1. Flower petals. The number of flower petals is often one of the following
numbers: 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34 or 55. For example, the lily has three petals, buttercups
have five of them, the chicory has 21 of them, the daisy has often 34 or 55 petals,
etc.
2. Faces. Faces, both human and nonhuman, abound with examples of the
Golden Ratio. The mouth and nose are each positioned at golden sections of the
distance between the eyes and the bottom of the chin. Similar proportions can be
seen from the side, and even the eye and ear itself.
3. Body parts. The Golden Section is manifested in the structure of the

human body. Your hand creates a golden section in relation to your arm, as the
ratio of your forearm to your hand is also 1.618, the Divine Proportion. The foot has
several proportions based on phi lines, including:
1.a. The middle of the arch of the foot

2.b. The widest part of the foot
The base of the toe line and big toe
c.
3. The top of the toe line and base of the “index” toe
Image Credit:
https://www.goldennumber.net/huma
d.

4. Shells. Snail shells and nautilus shells follow the logarithmic spiral, as does the cochlea of the inner ear.
It can also be seen in the horns of certain goats, and the shape of certain spider’s webs.
5. Spiral Galaxies. Spiral galaxies are the most common galaxy shape. The Milky Way has several spiral
arms, each of them a logarithmic spiral of about 12 degrees.
6. Hurricanes. The powerful swirls of hurricane also match the Fibonacci sequence.
The Golden Ratio

in Arts and Architecture
The golden ratio can

be used to achieve beauty,
balance and harmony in art,
architecture and design. It
was used as a tool in art and
design to achieve balance
in the https://mindblown.smumn.edu/uncategorized/can-beauty- composition.
The following are some of the examples: be-explained-through-math/
1. The exterior dimension of the Parthenon in Athens, Greece

embodies the golden ratio.
2. Leonardo da Vinci used the golden ratio to define the

fundamental portions in his works. He incorporated the
golden ratio most of his own paintings such as the Vitruvian
Man, The Last Supper, and Monalisa.
3. Michaelangelo di Lodovico Simon also used golden ratio
in his painting, “The Creation of Adam”. This painting can be Image Credit: https://emptyeasel.com/2009/01/20/a-guide-to-the-
golden-ratio-aka-golden-section-or-golden-mean-for-artists/
seen on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He used the golden ratio showing how God’s finger and Adam’s
finger meet precisely at the golden ratio point of the weight and the height of the area that contains
them.

4. Raffaello Sanzio da Urbino or more popularly known as Raphael was also a painter and architect during
the Renaissance period. In his paintings, the golden triangle and pentagram are found in “The School of
Athens” and “Crucifixion.”
5. The Taj Mahal in India used the golden ratio in its

construction and was completed in 1648. The order and
proportion of the arches of the Taj Mahal on the main
structure keep reducing proportionately following the golden
ratio.
Image credit:https://mindblown.smumn.edu/uncategorized/can-
beauty-be-explained-through-math/
6. Notre Dame is a Gothic Cathedral in Paris, which was built in between 1163 and 1250. It appears to have
a golden ratio in a number of its key proportions of designs.
Image Credit: https://www.goldennumber.net/architecture/

Lesson 1.3
IMPORTANCE OF MATHEMATICS IN THE WORLD
Objectives:
1. identify and discuss applications of Mathematics in various fields; and
2. apply mathematical concepts in solving societal problems.
We have seen how human knowledge has evolved throughout time. We have observed in the previous
lessons how evident Mathematics is in the natural world, not only in patterns, but on how nature followed logical
and mathematical structures. It is therefore necessary to understand the many applications of mathematical
methods in different fields such as science, engineering, business, computer science and industry.
This section discusses mathematics as an integral part of our everyday life, as a necessary tool needed to
communicate and interact in the society we live in.
Mathematics helps people to predict different phenomena in the world and to understand the behavior
of nature. Through Mathematics, people are able to exert control over the occurrences of events in the world
and enable advancement in the society to take place. Mathematics is indeed applicable in various applications
fields. Some of these includes forensic science, medicine, engineering, information technology, cryptography,
archaeology, social sciences, political science and other fields.
1. In forensic science, mathematics is applied specifically in collection, measurement, analysis and

documentation of evidences. Forensic scientist use proportions in their analyses. For example, if a human leg
bone is discovered in an unmarked grave, forensic scientists use math equations to determine what
proportion, or percentage, of a person’s overall height the leg bone would be. This will enable them to know
if the person is a child or an adult. Trigonometry is also useful in forensic science. It is used by a blood spatter
analyst to study how blood from a human injury splatters on a wall or other surface. Analysts use angles and
distances to calculate the third point of the triangle: the person who struck the victim, where the attacker was
standing and how hard he must have hit the victim.
2. In medical field, Mathematics is applied in developing medicines to cure diseases. In particular,

probability and statistics are used to validate the effectiveness of new drugs and estimate the survival rate of
cancer patients undergoing certain treatments. Many drugs are designed to change the shape and how the
pieces move. Medical professionals also use mathematics when they write prescriptions or administer
medication. They also use mathematics when drawing up statistical graphs of epidemics or success rates of
treatments. Mathematics applies to x-rays and Computerized Axial Tomography (CAT) scan.
Mathematical modeling is useful in medicine. Experts use calculus, functions, graphs and differential
equations to understand the nature and behavior of an epidemic disease and to suggest counter solutions as
treatment for it.
3. In Fluid dynamics, calculus and numerical analysis are used by engineers in understanding
phenomena involving heat, electricity and magnetism, relativistic mechanics, gravity currents, quantum
mechanics, viscous motions and others.

4. In Computer Science, applications of different mathematical concepts such as Boolean algebra, logic,
relations, functions, basic set theory, counting techniques, graph theory, combinatorics, discrete probability,
recursion, number theory, computer-oriented numerical analysis and Operation Research techniques are
necessary in writing complicated software. Discrete Mathematics and algorithms are considered as the lingua
franca for computer scientists and software developers.
5. Cryptography is a combination of mathematics and computer science and is affiliated closely with
information theory, computer security and engineering. It is used in applications present in technologically
advanced societies which includes the security of ATM cards, computer passwords and other electronic or digital
commerce.
6. In archaeology, archeologists used mathematical and statistical techniques to present data from
archaeological surveys. They also use patterns to try to understand past human behavior and to carbon-date
artifacts.
7. In Social Sciences, mathematical models in economics, sociology, psychology and linguistics are
necessary tools to understand societal dynamics. Social scientists use calculus, probability, game theory, and
network theory to understand social phenomena.
8. In Economics, mathematical concepts such as matrices, probability and statistics are used to generate
models that try to capture present or future economic status of a country. Models such as stochastic or
deterministic, linear or non-linear, static or dynamic, continuous or discrete are derived. Constructing such
models requires knowledge on algebraic, differential and integral equations in order to derive these models.
9. In music and arts, the rhythm that is found in all music notes is the result of permutations and
combinations. Music theorists apply set theory, abstract algebra, and number theory to understand a musical
structure.

Exercise 1.1
Patterns and Number in Nature and the World
Name:___________________________ Score:_______
Course and Year:__________________ Date:________
A. Determine what comes next in the following given patterns.

1. A, C, E, G, I, ____, _____, _____
2. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, _____, _____, _____
3. 1, 10, 100, 1000, _______, _________, _________
4. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20, ______, _______, ________
5. 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, _______, ________, _______
6. What completes the pattern?
CSD, ETF, GUH, ______, KWL, _____
7. What letter comes next in this pattern?
O T T F F S S E ___ ___ ___
B. Determine the correct answer for each pattern. Encircle the letter of the correct
answer.
1. 2.
3. 4.

Exercise 1.2
Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio
Name:___________________________ Score:_______
A. Starting with the first Fib(1) = 1 and the second Fib (2) = 1, determine the following?
1. Fib (15) = ___________

2. Fib (20) = ___________
3. If Fib (30) = 832, 040 and Fib (28) = 317, 811, what is Fib (29)?________
4. If Fib (24) = 46, 368 and Fib (23) = 28, 657, what is Fib (22)? ________
B. Read about Zentagle Patterns and create your own ( 2 patterns). Put a title to your creation.Stick output on
your answer sheet.
C. Find three examples of golden ratios in your surroundings. Include a photograph as well as the estimates of
the ratio of the base to the height for each example.

Exercise 1.3
Importance of Mathematics in the World
Name:___________________________ Score:_______
A. Write an answer to the following:
1. Cite five (5) other fields/ disciplines where Mathematics is applied. Provide a specific example of use of
Mathematics in the identified field

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CHAPTER 1

MATHEMATICS IN OUR WORLD

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

Consider these patterns:

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

Fibonacci Sequence: 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55, …

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

a. What image will complete the given pattern?

a. knife – knives wife – wives life – lives

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

Geometric Patterns in Nature and Around Us

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

*The opposite of symmetry is asymmetry.

Dihedral symmetries have reflection symmetries in addition

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

Example of Sierpinski Triangle

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

The Fibonacci Sequence

GROWTH OF RABBIT COLONY

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

Fibonacci Sequence in Nature

Fibonacci sequence is also seen in different objects.

Fibonacci numbers are also evident in spirals of a pine

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

A golden rectangle comprises of squares that is

The Golden Ratio in Nature

3. Body parts. The Golden Section is manifested in the structure of the

1.a. The middle of the arch of the foot

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

The Golden Ratio

The golden ratio can

1. The exterior dimension of the Parthenon in Athens, Greece

2. Leonardo da Vinci used the golden ratio to define the

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

5. The Taj Mahal in India used the golden ratio in its

Image Credit: https://www.goldennumber.net/architecture/

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

1. In forensic science, mathematics is applied specifically in collection, measurement, analysis and

2. In medical field, Mathematics is applied in developing medicines to cure diseases. In particular,

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

A. Determine what comes next in the following given patterns.

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

Fibonacci Sequence and the Golden Ratio

1. Fib (15) = ___________

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

A. Write an answer to the following:

BSU-CAS-MPS-LEARNING MODULE 1 -2nd Semester AY 2020-2021

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