MODULE 1

module 1 Nature of Mathematics

in INTRODUCTION

ge 4
(mathematics in the modern world)
The emergence of digital technology has sparked a monumental rise in the rate
at which we consume and produce data. Before the internet, it could take hours to get several
volumes of resources from the library for a research paper. Today a few minutes (or second,
depending on the speed of your connection) using your mobile device’s browser could get
you the same information, or even more. A few decades ago, it took hours for photographs
to be printed and shared. Now, it only takes a matter of seconds for your perfect selfie to be
uploaded and viewed. Now, it only takes a matter of seconds for your perfect selfie to be
uploaded and viewed by your relatives and friends on the other side of the world?

In this fast-paced society, how often have you stopped to appreciate the beauty
of the things around you? Have you ever paused and pondered about the underlying
principles that govern the universe? How about contemplating about the processes and
mechanisms that make our lives easier, if not more comfortable? Most people do the same
routine tasks every day and the fundamental concepts that make these activities possible are
Prepared by: often overlooked.

Mr. joNathan m. jabel As your facilitator of learning. I will enrich our discussion by presenting
information with citations. If you have query please do not hesitate to call, text, or chat with
me.

COURSE LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of this module, the students are expected to discuss extensively and
articulate information in the core areas of science and mathematics (5.1.1). and perform
appropriate suitable mathematical and statistical computations in data analysis.

CONTAINS OF THE MODULE

This module contains the following lessons:

1.) Patterns and Numbers in Nature and the World, and The Fibonacci Sequence
DIRECTIONS ON HOW TO USE THE MODULE PROPERLY What do you think will be the next sequence? It should be easy enough to note that the
In order to benefit profoundly from this module, please be guided by all the key presented patterns are made up of two cards which composed of diamond and a heart. As we can see
below. diamond comes first in the figure, followed by a heart. Logically, the figure that must follow
1.) This module contains (2) lessons. Each lesson is explaining authentically. Read and is
understand carefully so that you would know the lesson entirely.
2.) On the first page of this lesson, you will notice the specific learning outcomes (SLO’s)
of each lesson. LSOs are knowledge and skills you are expected to obtain at the end Example 1. What Comes Next?
of the lesson. What is the next shape in the pattern below?
3.) You are obliged to answer the learning Activities/ Exercises (LAEs). The LAEs are
outlined to help you in how to obtain the SLOs. ?
4.) Feel free to chat, call, text or send me an email if you have questions, reactions, or
reflections about the module’s contents or activities.
5.) The Practice Task/ Assessment and the Assignment shall be checked by me. a.

LESSON 1 – PATTERNS AND NUMBERS IN NATURE b.

SPECIFIC LEARNING OUTCOMES

Solution:
These are the learning for the specific lesson: Looking at the given shapes, as we can see pentagon comes first and followed by hexagon.
1.) Identify patterns in nature. This means that the next shape must be
2.) List and Describe the different types of patterns in nature. b is the correct answer.
3.) Give examples of the patterns in nature. Example 2. What Number Comes Next?
What number comes next in 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, ______?
MOTIVATION
Solution:
Looking at the given numbers, the sequence is increasing, with each term being two more than
Do you observe patterns around you? What other examples can you think of?
the previous term: 3 = 1+2; 5 = 3 + 2; 7 = 5 + 2; 9 = 7 + 2. Therefore, the next term should be
In this lesson, we will be looking at patterns and regularities in the world, and how
11 = 9 + 2.
mathematics comes into play, both in nature and in human endeavors.
Example 3. What number comes next in 1, 4, 9, 16, 25, ___?

Discussion
in the basic sense of the word, patterns are well ordered, repeated, or re-occur. We have notice
patterns every day—from the layouts of the floor tiles, designs of skyscrapers and finding
logical connections to form the concepts and make predictions.
Let’s see for an example at this pattern:
Solution:
Looking at the given numbers, as we can have observed these are the perfect numbers. First is
1 which is 1 = 1 × 1; 4 = 2 × 2; 9 = 3 × 3; 16 = 4 × 4; 25 = 5 × 5. Therefore, the next term
should be 6 × 6 = 36.
World Population
As of 2017, it is estimated that the world population is about 7.6 billion. World leaders,
sociologists, and anthropologists are interested in studying population, including its growth.
Mathematics can be used to model population growth. Recall that the formula for
exponential growth is A = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡 , where A is the size of the population after it grows, P is the
initial number of people, r is the rate of growth, and t is time. Recall further that e is Euler’s
constant with an approximate value of 2.718. plugging in values to this formula would result t = 10.998 years
in the population size after time t with a growth rate of r. t = 11 years *

Example 4. Population Growth

The exponential growth model A = 30𝑒 0.02𝑡 describes the population of a city in the
The Fibonacci Sequence
Philippines in thousands, t years after 1995.
a. What was the population of the city in 1995?
The human mind is a hardwire to recognize patterns. In mathematics, we can create patterns by
b. What will be the population in 2017?
performing one or in particular mathematical operations frequently. Suppose we choose number 5 as the
Solution:
first number in our pattern. We then choose to add 5 to our first number, resulting in 10, which is our
a. Since our exponential growth model describe the population t years after 1995,
second number. Repeating this process, we get 15, 20, 25, as the succeeding numbers that forms our
we consider 1995 as t = 0 and then solve for A, our population size.
pattern. In mathematics, we call these ordered list of numbers a sequence.
A = 30𝑒 0.02𝑡
= 30𝑒 (0.02)(0) replace t with t = 0 A sequence is an ordered list of numbers, called terms, that may have repeated values.
= 30𝑒 0
= 30(1) 𝑒0 = 1 Example 1. Generating a sequence
= 30.
Therefore, the city population in 1995 was 30,000. Examine the given sequence for its rule and identify the next three terms.
b. We need to find A for the year 2017. To find t, we subtract 2017 and 1995 to
get t = 22, which we then plug in to our exponential growth model. a. 1, 10, 100, 1000
A = 30𝑒 0.02𝑡 b. 2, 5, 9, 14, 20
= 30𝑒 (0.02)(22) replace t with t = 22 c. 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8
= 30𝑒 0.44
= 30(1.55271) 𝑒 0.44 ≈ 1.55271
= 46.5813 Solution:
Therefore, the city population would be about 46.581 in 2017. a. Looking at the set of numbers it can be observed that each term is a power of 10:
Example 5. Find t in years of the following given: 1 = 100 , 10 = 101 , 100 = 102 , 1000 = 103 . Following this rule, the next three numbers
A = 731, 000; P = 525, 600; r = 3% per year are: 104 = 10,000, 105 = 100,000 and 106 = 1,000,000.

Solution: b. The difference between the 2nd term and 1st term is 3, the difference between 3rd
A = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡 term and 2nd term is 4, the difference between 4th term and the 3th term is 5, the
731,000 = 525,600 𝑒 0.03𝑡 difference between 5th term and the 4th term is 6. As we can see the difference, we
731,000 525,600 𝑒 0.03𝑡 have 3, 4, 5, and 6. Following this rule, we obtain the next three term, we should
= ( divide both sides by 525,600 to find 𝑒 0.03𝑡 )
525,600 525,600 add 7, 8, 9, respectively, to the current term. Therefore, the next three terms are
0.03𝑡
1.3909 = 𝑒 20 7 = 27, 27+8 = 35, 35 + 9 = 44.
ln 1.3909 = ln 𝑒 0.03𝑡 (logarithmic rules) c. looking at the set of numbers, it can be observed that the sequence in example 4
0.03t = ln 1.3909 (divide both side by 0.03 to find t) is a special sequence called the Fibonacci sequence. It is named after Italian
0.03𝑡 ln 1.3909
= 0.03 mathematician Leonardo de Pisa, who was better known as his nickname
0.03
 Fibonacci. He noted that the set of numbers generated from this problem could be
extended by getting the sum of the two previous terms.
Starting with 0 and 1, the succeeding terms in the sequence can be generated by adding
the two numbers that came before the term: C. Let Fib(n) be the nth term of the Fibonacci sequence, with Fib (1) = 1, Fib (2) = 1, Fib
0+1=1 (3) = 2, and so on.
1+1=2
1+2=3 1. Find Fib (8).
2+3=5 2. Find Fib (19).
3+5=8 3. If Fib (22) = 17, 711 and Fib (24) = 46, 368, what is Fib (23)?
5 + 8 = 13 4. Evaluate the following sums:
8 + 13 = 21 a. Fib (1) + Fib (2) = ______
13 + 21 = 34 b. Fib (1) + Fib (2) + Fib (3) = ______
. c. Fib (1) + Fib (2) + Fib (3) + Fib (4) = _________
. d. Determine the pattern in the successive sums from the previous question. What
. will be the sum of Fib (1) + Fib (2) +…+ Fib (10)?
. e. What is Fib (20)?
Therefore, the next terms are 13, 21 and 34. f. Given Fib (30) = 832, 040 and Fib (28) = 317, 811, what is FIB (29).

EXERCISE SET :

A. Determine what comes next in the given patterns.

1. A, C, E, G, I, ____
2. 20, 10, 18, 10, 16, 10, ____
3. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48, 96, _____
4. CSD, ETF, GUH, _______, KWL
5. O T T F F S S E _____
6. 22, 21, 25, 24, 28, 27, _____
7. What number comes next in 1, 8, 27, 64, 125, _____
8. 41, 39, 37, 35, 33, _____
9. 15, 10, 14, 10, 13, 10,_____
10. M, T,W, T, F, S, _____

B. Substitute the given values in the formula A = 𝑃𝑒 𝑟𝑡 to find the missing quantity.

11. P = 680, 000; r = 10% per year; t = 6 years

12. A = 1,240 000; r = 5% per year; t = 10 years
13. A = 786, 000; P = 147,000; t =12 years
14. A = 850, 080; P = 355, 500; r = 11 % per year
15. A= 731, 093; P = 525, 600; r = 3% per year