NOT

10
Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 5
ILLUSTRATING GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

Mathematics- Grade 10
Alternative Delivery Mode
Quarter 1 - Module 5: ILLUSTRATING GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE
First Edition, 2020

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 10
Mathematics
Quarter 1 - Module 5
ILLUSTRATING GEOMETRIC SEQUENCE

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 Table of Contents
Page
What This Module is About
What I Need to Know
How to Learn from this Module
Icons of this Module

What I Know 1
Geometric Sequence
What I Need To Know 2

What’s In 2

What’s new 3

What Is It 5

What’ More 7

What I Have Learned 8

What I can do 8

Additional Activities 10

Post test 10

Answer Key 11

References 12
What This Module is About
This module is the continuation of the module you have just studied the
arithmetic sequence, just be sure that you are already clarified and you have
understood what an Arithmetic Sequence is before reading Geometric Sequence, it
would help you understand this module more easily.

What I Need to Know

We will be learning what is geometric sequence in this module, this will be

done by following the given illustration and performing all the activities and
exercises. Just take your time and read carefully the instruction given in every
activity. Enjoy and believe yourself, say it to yourself “ I can do it, yes…yes…yes!”

Competency:

Illustrates a geometric sequence. (M10AL-1d-1)

Objectives:
 Identify geometric sequence.
 Illustrates a geometric sequence.

Note:
Write your answers in your Mathematics Activity notebook.

How to Learn from this Module

 To achieve the objectives cited above, you are to do the following:
 Take your time reading the lessons carefully.
 Follow the directions and/or instructions in the activities and exercises
diligently.
 Answer all the given tests and exercise
Icons of this Module
What I Need to This part contains learning objectives that
Know are set for you to learn as you go along the
Module each day/lesson.

This is a pre-test assessment as to your

What I know level of
knowledge to the subject matter at hand,
meant specifically to gauge prior related
Knowledge
What’s In This part connects previous lesson with that
of the current one.

What’s New An introduction of the new lesson through

various activities, before it will be presented
to you.

What is It These are discussions of the activities as a

way to deepen your discovery and under-
standing of the concept.

What’s More These are follow-up activities that are in-

tended for you to practice further in order to
master the competencies.

What I Have Activities designed to process what you

Learned have learned from the lesson

What I can do These are tasks that are designed to show-

case your skills and knowledge gained, and
applied into real-life concerns and situations.
 What I Know

After mastering arithmetic sequence. This time you will focus your study in
geometric sequence, by answering the following exercises, you can determine how
much knowledge you already have about the topic.
1. Find the common ratio of the geometric sequence: 2, 4, 8, 16…
A. 2 B. 4 C. 8 D. 16
2. What is the missing term of the geometric sequence 3, ___, 48, 192… ?
A. 4 B. 12 C. 36 D. 144
3. Given the sequence: 8, 16, 32, 64, ___, what is the next term?
A. 148 B. 138 C. 128 D. 118
4. Given -4, -8, -16, -32,- 64, what is the common ratio?
A. 2 B. 4 C. 6 D. 8
5. It is sequence in which each term after the first can be obtained by multiplying the
preceding term by a fixed constant called the common ratio denoted by r.
A. Arithmetic Sequence
B. Geometric Sequence
C. Both arithmetic sequence and geometric sequence
D. None of them
B. Write G if the given is a geometric sequence, A if it is arithmetic sequence and, N
if it is not a sequence
_____ 1. 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, . . .
_____ 2. –4, 8, –16, 32, –64, . . .
_____ 3. 1, 4, 16, 64, . . .
_____ 4. 20, 13, 6, –1, –8, . . .
_____ 5. –5, 0, 5, 10, 15, . . .
C. Supply the missing term.
1. 4, 12, ___, 108, 324
2. 16, 32, ____, 128
3. ____, 20, 40, 80
4. 27, 9, ____, 1/3
5. 120, 60, 30, ____

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 Illustrating Geometric Sequence

What I Need to Know

You have just studied and accomplished all the activities about arithmetic
sequence which is defined as a set of numbers wherein it has a common difference
between two consecutive numbers.
Now let’s move forward to another type of number sequence the Geometric
Sequence, we’ll find out in this module how to identify and illustrate geometric
sequence.

What’s In
You need to refresh the concept of ratio in order to understand geometric sequence
better.
Now,
A. Find the ratio between the two numbers.
Numbers Ratio
1. 4 is to 8
2. 9 is to -3
3. x is to y
4. -35 is to 5
5. -5 is to -20

B. Write the first 5 terms of the arithmetic sequence from the given data.
First term Common Difference Arithmetic Sequence
1. a1 = 2 d= 3
2. a1 = -15 d=7
3. a1 = 13 d = -3

Did you get the correct answer?

Very Good!

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 What’s New
Let’s try this !

Raising ducks is a good source of additional income specially when the

area is near the lowland rice field. Petpit’s place is a perfect area for duck raising.
When Petpit starts raising his ducks, he make a record of the production of eggs
as his ducks starts laying eggs. He made a tally of the number of eggs his ducks
laid each day. The table below shows her tally.

Day Number of Eggs

1 4

2 8

3 16

4 32

5 64

What can you say about the numbers? Is there anything in particular that you
have noticed?

Let’s look at this number closely. 4 8 16 32 64

From the numbers, we can say that the second number is twice the first
number. This means that 4 × 2 = 8.

Again, look at the third number. Isn’t it 8 × 2 = 16?

What about 32? Isn’t this equal to 2 × 16?

So, we can make the following table:

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 4 first term
8 2x4
16 2x8
32 2 x 16
64 2 x 32
Based on the table above, can you determine the number of eggs Petpit’s
duck will lay on the sixth and seventh days?

Let’s do it together. Of course, it will be better if we present the numbers in a

table again.

Day Number of Eggs

1 4 the first term

2 8 2×4

3 16 2×8

4 32 2 × 16

5 64 2 × 32

6 ___ 2 × ____

7 ___ 2 × ____

Are your answers 128 and 256 for the 6th and 7th days, respectively? If yes,
then you’re doing great.

Let’s try another example.

EXAMPLE 2. Examine the following sequence of numbers: –2, –6, –18, –54 . .
.What can you say about it? Looking at the numbers, we can say that there is a
commonality among them. Let’s put the numbers in a table as in:
-2 1st term
-6 -2 x 3 2nd term
-18 -6 x 3 3rd term
-54 -18 x 3 4th term

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 What Is It
Based on the two examples, what can we say about the sequences of
numbers we worked on?

We can say that they are sequenced wherein each term after the first can
be obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a constant called the
common ratio.

In the first example, the constant is 2. This is the number that we used as
multiplier to get the succeeding terms in the sequences. In the second example,
the constant is 3. This is the number that we used as multiplier to get the
succeeding terms.

A sequence in which each term after the first can be obtained by multiplying
the preceding term by a fixed constant (common ratio) is called a geometric
sequence.

Remember
A geometric sequence is a sequence in which each term after the first can
be obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a fixed constant called the
common ratio denoted by r.

Can you recall anything familiar given this definition of a geometric

sequence? I bet you can! Isn’t it similar to the definition of an arithmetic
sequence?

Recall that an arithmetic sequence is a sequence of numbers wherein the

difference between any two consecutive terms is constant (common difference
denoted by d). You obtain d by getting the difference between any two
consecutive numbers in the sequence.

In a geometric sequence, you can obtain r by dividing any term by the

preceding term. Recall our example about Petpit duck farming. We have the
following sequence of numbers: 4, 8, 16, 32, 64,…

To obtain r, the common ratio, we divide any term by its preceding term. Let’s say,
we divide 8 by 4. The quotient is 2. (We call the answer to a division process a
quotient.) Again, we divide 16 by 8. The answer is also 2. If we divide 64 by 32, the
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answer is again 2. This means that our common ratio is therefore 2. So, we can
denote 2 as r. The ratio between any term to its previous term is constant that is
geometric sequence. While in arithmetic sequence we get the difference between
the two consecutive numbers.
When we say ratio this is done by dividing the second term by the first term of
the given sequence and the answer is what we call a ratio. When you subtract the
first term to the second term of a given sequence the result is the common
difference.
In geometric sequence you will find a common ratio, while in arithmetic
sequence you need to determine the common difference.
 This means common ratio for geometric sequence
 Common difference for arithmetic sequence (which was discuss in your previous
module)

Example for Geometric Sequence:

A. Solving for the Common Ratio
Geometric Sequence Process of Getting the Common Ratio
Common Ratio (r)
1) 4, -8, 16, -32,… Solution
-8 ÷ 4 = -2 r = -2
16 ÷ -8 = -2
-32 ÷ 16 = -2
2) 81, 27, 9, 3, 1, … Solution
27÷ 81 = 1/3
9 ÷ 27 = 1/3 r = 1/3
3 ÷ 9 = 1/3
1 ÷ 3 = 1/3
3 - 3, 9, -27, 81, -248,… Solution
9 ÷ -3 = -3
-27 ÷ 9 = -3 r = -3
81 ÷ -27 = -3
-248 ÷ 81 = -3

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 B. Illustrating geometric sequence given the first term and the common ratio.
First term Common Ratio Solutions First 5 Terms of a
(r) Geometric
Sequence
1. a1 = 2 r=2 a1 = 2 2, 4, 8, 16, 32
a2 = 2 ( 2 ) = 4
a3= 4 ( 2 ) = 8
a4 = 8 ( 2 ) = 16
a5 a1 = 16 ( 2 ) = 32
2. a1 = -1 r=3 a1 = -1 -1, -3, -9, -27, -81
a2 = -1 ( 3 ) = -3
a3 = -3( 3 ) = -9
a4 = -9 ( 3 ) = -27
a5 = -27 ( 3) = -81
3. a1 = 3 r=2 a1 = 3 3, 6, 12, 24, 48,
a1 = 3 ( 2 ) = 6
a2 = 6 ( 2 ) = 12
a3 = 12 ( 2 ) = 24
a4 = 24 ( 2 ) =48

What’s More
Let’s Try This
Find the common ratio of the following geometric sequence.

8. -16, -4, -1, -1/4, -1/16

1. 2, 6, 18, 54, 162 9. 24, 6, 3/2, 3/8, 3/32
2. 5, 15, 45, 135 10. 64, 16, 4, 1
3. -1, -3, -9, -27 11. -2, 4, -8, 16, -32
4. ½, 3/2, 9/2, 27/2 12. 1, -2, 4, -8, 16
5. 0.25, 0.75, 2.25, 6.75 13. ¼, -1/2, 1, -2, 4
6. 1, ¼, 1/16, 1/64, 1/256 14. -5, 10, -20, 40
7. 2, ½, 1/8, 1/32 15. 0.1, -0.2, 0.4, -0.8

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Did you answer 3 as the common ratio for 1-5, 1/4 as common ratio for 6-10 and -2
as common ratio for 11 to 15?
If you did, you’re doing well. If you got mistakes in some of the items please re-
compute tell you’ll get a perfect answer. Remember constant practice will make
perfect.

What I Have Learned

A geometric sequence is a sequence where each term after the first is
obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a nonzero constant called common
ratio (r).
Note:
Try this:
A. Write the first 5 terms of the geometric sequence whose first term is 2 and the
common ratio is 3.
________,__________,__________,_________,________
B. Decide if each sequence is geometric sequence, if so, find the common ratio
1. 3 , 12, 48, 192,…
2. -5, -8, -13, -21,…
3. -5, -3, -1, 1, 3,…
4. ½, 1, 2, 4, 8,…
5. 5 , 10, 20, 40,…

What I Can Do

Identify if the following sequences of numbers are arithmetic sequences or geometric

sequences. Write A in the blanks if they are arithmetic sequences and G if they are
geometric sequences.
A. ____ 1. 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, . . .
____ 2. 4, 16, 64, 256, . . .
____ 3. 2, 1, 0.5, 0.25, 0.125, . . .
____ 4. 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, . . .
____ 5. -7, -5, -3, -1, 1, . . .
____ 6. ½, ¼, 1/8, 1/16, . . .
8
 ____ 7. -5, -25, -125, -625, . . .
____ 8. 0.2, 0.06, 0.018, 0.0054, . . .

B. Using the same sets of numbers in Exercise A, indicate the common

differences (d) of the arithmetic sequences and the common ratios (r) of the
geometric sequences. Indicate whether your answer are (d) common difference or (r)
common ratio.
1. d=2 .
2. _____________________
3. _____________________
4. _____________________
5. _____________________
6. _____________________
7. ____________________
8. ____________________

Let’s Remember
• A geometric sequence is a sequence of numbers wherein each term after
the first is obtained by multiplying the preceding term by a fixed constant called the
common ratio denoted by r.
•The common ratio or r is obtained by dividing any term in a geometric
sequence by the preceding term.

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Post Test
A. Write G if the given is a geometric sequence, A if it is arithmetic sequence and, N
if it is not a sequence
_____ 1. –4, 8, –16, 32, –64
_____ 2. 1, 3, 9, 27, 81, . . .
_____ 3. 1, 4, 16, 64
_____ 4. -2, -6, -12, 24
_____ 5. –5, 0, 5, 10, 15, . . .
_____ 6. 20, 13, 6, –1, –8
_____ 7. 3, 12, 48, 192,…
_____ 8. 2, -5, -8, -13, -21
_____ 9. -7, -5, -3, -1, 1, 3
_____ 10. 1, 2, 4, 8, 16,…
B. Supply the missing term.
1. 4, 12, 36, ___, 324
2. ___, 32, 64, 128
3. 5, ____, 20, 40,
4. 27, 9, ____, 1/3
5. 120,____, 30, 15

Additional Activities

Give the next 3 terms in the sequence.

1. 2, 4, 8, 16…
2. -4, -8, -16, -32, -64,…
3. 3, 6, 12, 24, 48,…
4. 320, 160, 80, 40, 20,…
5. 8, 16, 32, 64, 128,…

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References;
Mathematics – Grade 10 learner’s Module
Mathematics, Second Year: Phoenix Publishing House, Inc. Reprinted 2000
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-5kIBPR2Npk&t=60s

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