SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY ( PART 2)

SOLUTION : PRACTICE ACTIVITY SHEET 5

Q. 1. (A) 
(i) (D)
(ii) (A)
(iii) (D)
(iv) (A)
(v) (A)
Q. 1. (B) 
(i) White rats
(ii) Coelenterata
(iii) Vinegar  _ Acetic acid
(iv) Forest fire
(v) True
Q. 2. (A) 
(i) (1) Peripatus shows segmented body, thin cuticle, and parapodia-like
organs.
(2) These characters are typical of Annelids.
(3) Similarly, it also shows tracheal respiration and open circulatory
system which is a characteristic feature of Arthropods.
(4) Since Peripatus shares both these characters, it is said to be a connecting
link between Annelida and Arthropoda.
(ii) (1) Flower produces male and female gametes.
(2) For this purpose there are essential whorls of androecium and
gynoecium.
(3) The double fertilization also takes place in flower.
(4) Therefore, flower is called the structural unit of sexual reproduction in
plants.
(iii) When there is a disaster, we need to immediately help the victim. Till the
medical help arrives, one should be in position to treat the injured and
save his or her life. In such cases, knowing first-aid is essential. Such kind
of a need may arise in case of our parents, our siblings at home or with
friends in school. Those who are injured should be treated at once. If we
know about techniques of first aid, we can save such person before the
medical help arrives. Therefore, it is essential to get the training of the
first aid.

NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [ SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 2) ] 1

Q. 2. (B) 

(i)
Human male reproductive Human female reproductive
system system
1. Testis are essential organs 1. Ovaries are essential organs
which are located outside the which are located along with
abdomen in the scrotal all other organs inside the
sacs. lower abdomen.
2. There is common urethra 2. Urethra and vagina are two
through which urine and separate openings that open to
semen, both are passed out. outside.
3. Reproductive system of male 3. Reproductive system works
continues to work even in old only till the menopause.
age.
4. Sperms or male gametes are 4. Oocytes or ova are produced
produced by meiosis in the by meiosis in the ovaries.
testis.

(Note : Students should write any two points.)

(ii)
Living organisms

(A) Eukaryotes Prokaryotes

Unicellular Multicellular (B) Monera

(iii) (1)  The animal shown in the figure is bat.

(2) It belongs to class Mammalia of Subphylum Vertebrata, Phylum
Chordata.
(3)  Characteristics :
 (i) Body is divided into head, neck, torso and tail. Patagium present
for the flying mode. Nocturnal in habit. It is warm blooded.
(ii) Gives birth to live young ones. Mammary glands present for
nourishing young ones.
(iv) (a) Stem cell : The special cells having pluripotency and ability to divide
and differentiate into new cells are called stem cells. They are present
in multicellular living beings.
(b) Genetically modified crops : Crops having desired characters are
developed by integrating foreign gene with their genome, such crops
have modified genome and are known as genetically modified crops.
2 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [ SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 2) ]
 (v) (1) The given symbol warns us of inflammable substances. These substances
can catch fire very easily and thus they have to be handled very
carefully.
(2) If this warning symbol is neglected, the fire may break out causing
hazard to handlers and surrounding area. It can result into a major
accident.
Q. 3.

(i) (a) The theory of use and disuse of organs says that the morphological
characters of organism develop because of specific activities that the
organisms perform. If some organ is not used it gets degenerated. If
excessively used, it develops. Thus, the morphological changes take place
due to activities or non-working of a particular body parts in an organism.

(b) Due to constant extension of neck to eat foliage from the top of the trees,
giraffe’s neck became long. Similarly, blacksmith has strong arms due to
constant work. The flightless ostrich and emu did not fly and hence their
wings became useless. Aquatic birds like swan and duck made their feet
suitable for swimming by living in water. Snake lost limbs as it tried
burrowing mode.

(c) Acquired characters are those characters which are obtained during the
lifetime by any organism and passed on to next generations.

(ii)

Double fertilization in angiosperms

  (1) Plants reproduce sexually with the help of flowers.

  (2) Androecium and gynoecium are male and female parts of the flowers
respectively.
  (3) In the carpel, the ovule undergoes meiosis and forms embryo sac.
  (4) A haploid egg cell and two haploid polar nuclei are present in each embryo
sac.
  (5) The pollen grains from the anther reach the stigma of flower by the process
of pollination. They germinate here on the stigma.
  (6) As a result of germination, long pollen tube and two male gametes are
formed.

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   (7) The pollen tube travels through the style of flower and the male gametes
present in the pollen tube are transferred till the embryo sac in ovary. Upon
reaching there, tip of the pollen tube bursts releasing two male gametes in
embryo sac.
  (8) One male gamete unites with the egg cell and forms zygote. While other
male gamete unites with two polar nuclei forming the endosperm.
  (9) Because there are two nuclei participating in this process, therefore it is
called double fertilization.
(10) After fertilization ovule develops into seed and ovary forms a fruit. When
the seed again gets favourable conditions, it can produce a new plant.

(iii) The three symbols given indicate as follows :

• Symbol (a) : This symbol is giving the message “Save water”. Sustainable

use of water is necessary for our future.

• Symbol (b) : Use of bicycle means use of green energy. By riding on a

bicycle we save on fuel and use our own muscular energy. It is the best
ecofriendly, non polluting vehicle.
• Symbol (c) : The symbol show types of green energy such as solar energy
and wind energy. It is also express that people should use such sources of
energy for their use.

(iv) S
 acred grove is the green patch of the forest which is conserved by local
people in the name of God. It does not belong to forest department. It is like a
sanctuary that is conserved by the common people and tribals in the area. It
is rich in the biodiversity. It is conserved as there is a faith that God or deity
reside in the sacred grove. Hence in local language, they are known as Deorai.
Due to this reason, people do not fell the trees. Also hunting of any wild life
is not done here. More than 13000 sacred groves have been reported in India.
Most of these are in Western Ghats in Maharashtra, Karnataka and Kerala.
Also, in remaining parts of India sacred groves are reported. Role of sacred
grove is tremendous in conserving the biodiversity.

(v) (a)  In the picture, it is shown that using wind energy electricity is produced.
(b) The power plant shown here is based on kinetic energy of wind which is
converted to electric energy by utilizing kinetic energy from rotating
turbines.
(c) This power plant is eco-friendly because it does not cause pollution. Wind
energy is green energy which is non-exhaustible and perpetual.

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 (vi) (a)  Solar cells in series : 

Solar cells connected in series

(b) Solar cells in parallel :

Solar cells connected in parallel

(vii)
Fruit Microbe used Name of beverage
Coffee arabica Lactobacillus brevis Coffee
Theobroma Candida, Hansenula, Pichia, Cocoa

cacao Saccharomyces
Grapes Saccharomyces cerevisiae Wine
Apple Saccharomyces cerevisiae Cider

(viii) (1) Vaccination is the administering of vaccine. Vaccine is the ‘antigen’,

given to a person or even to animals for acquiring immunity against
particular pathogens or diseases.
(2) In olden days, vaccines were prepared with the help of completely or
partially killed pathogens. But this method causes some inconvenience.
Some persons were allergic to such raw vaccines or they contracted the
same disease through such vaccines.
(3) Hence in recent times the vaccines are produced by using biotechnology.
(4)  These vaccines are artificial which are synthesised in the laboratories.

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 (5) The antigen is produced with the help of gene of the pathogen. Such vaccine
becomes safe for administering.
(6) These antigenic proteins are injected to people to make their immune
systems strong. This process of vaccination is absolutely safe. The vaccines
are more thermostable and active for a long period of time.

Q. 4.
 (i) Process of energy production through aerobic respiration of carbohydrates,
proteins and fats :

Lipids Carbohydrates Proteins

Fatty acids Glycolysis Amino acids

Pyruvic acid

Acetyle Co-enzyme A

Krebs Cycle

CO2 + H2O + Energy

(ii) (a) Social health : The ability of a person to establish relationship with other

persons is called social health.
(b)  Mental stress and addiction are the two factors affecting social health.
(c) Two ways of managing of the stress : 
(1) Following good hobbies like listening to music, reading good books.
(2) Laughter club, yoga and proper exercise and diet.
(d)  (1) Alcohol in any form.
(2) Nicotine in smoking and drugs.
(e) Wrong peer pressure, bad company and neglect of parents is the major
threat during adolescence.

6 NAVNEET PRACTICE PAPERS : STD. X [ SOLUTION : SCIENCE & TECH. (PART 2) ]