Coexistence in a biosphere is a reality or myth

The biosphere is the area where living being exist. There are various living organisms which
exist in our biosphere and fortunately they exist without harming each other and even help
each other to grow together and that’s how a biosphere remain into existence. But many a
times question comes in to our mind. If there is any possibility of coexistence of human and
animals in a biosphere. can they stay together and help each other to grow? With the
increase in human -wildlife conflicts in our country the co-existence in a biosphere seems to
be a myth. This increase in human-wildlife conflict is due to the usage of forest land for
industrialization which has resulted into movement of animals into human settlement.
Human–wildlife conflict occurs when wildlife's needs and actions have a negative effect on
humans, or when humans have a negative impact on wildlife's needs. There are serious
issues that have arisen as a result of the increasing rural population in and around wildlife
habitats. Since human–wildlife conflict is based on the proximity of wildlife, it is common
but not equally distributed. Furthermore, at different times of the year, different species
cause different types of harm. Households' livelihoods are affected in different ways
depending on their level of livelihood protection at the time of the incident. Increased
human population near wildlife reserves is one of the main causes of human–wildlife
conflict. When natural prey/food sources become scarce, wild animals seek alternative
sources of nutrition. Human-created tools, on the other hand, attract wildlife, resulting in
conflict. The frequency and severity of such conflicts will increase as the human population
grows and the demand for resources grows. Increased encroachment on wildlife areas is
one way to show this. As a result, populations of species that are unable to adapt to altered
environments can invade marginal habitats or experience population declines. Human-
wildlife conflicts jeopardise human welfare, health, and protection, as well as incurring
financial and social costs. There was various disease which were spread from human and
wildlife interaction such as monkey fever which was spread from the monkeys staying in
kyasanur forest.
Humans and animals are negatively affected by Human wildlife conflict because it is a
reciprocal mechanism, and it is one of the most complex and urgent issues facing wildlife
management and conservation, particular. From 2000 to 2019, the literature on HWCs,
interaction, and coexistence has expanded at an exponential rate, , with work on conflict
outpacing work on interactions and coexistence by threefold. This may be due to the fact that
most research on human–wildlife interactions have concentrated on conflict (i.e., negative
consequences for humans, wildlife, or both) or that modern ways of thinking about these
interactions now provide a coexistence model. Human-wildlife coexistence is characterised
as a dynamic but long-term state in which humans and wildlife co-adapt to living in shared
environments, with effective structures governing human-wildlife interactions to ensure long-
term wildlife population persistence, social legitimacy, and tolerable levels of risk. The
emphasis on human–wildlife conflict has also been a stumbling block to wildlife
conservation, as practitioners have focused their efforts on mitigating negative experiences
rather than increasing positive ones. Positive interactions, coexistence, and attitudes of
tolerance toward wildlife are all important components of solutions that optimise
conservation performance. the local community could use different controlling techniques to
defend livestock predator animals, such as fencing and could maintain positive interaction
with animals. The local people cut grass illegally to feed their cattle, sell in the market This
might cause scarcity of grass for herbivores and disturb the natural behaviour of wildlife, if
this could be controlled then we can maintain both animals and human in the same biosphere.
The concerning body should work hard to increase the awareness of the local people about
the importance of wildlife conservation. To reduce the dependency of the local people in and
around the national park, it is better to encourage the local people to plant trees for their
various types of utilization.