12

Senior High School

MELC: Prepares a plan and focus on issues and ideas in

their respective field

i
 What I Need to Know

Through detailed research, students develop critical thinking expertise

as well effective analytical, research, and communication skills that are globally
sought-after and incredibly beneficial. This will be the part of your research
paper wherein you will decide on the topic of your research.
We have millions of topics that you can choose from. But choosing the
topic that really interests you and suits you well will help you in making your
research easily as well as coming up with an amazing research.
At the end of this module, you are expected to learn the following:
❖ define Inquiries, Investigation and Immersion;

❖ differentiate quantitative from qualitative research; and

❖ explain the ethical problems in making a research paper.

What I Know

Directions: Multiple Choice: Read the questions carefully and select the letter
of the correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of
paper.

1. What subject is included in the K-12 Basic Education Curriculum that develops
critical thinking and problem solving skills through qualitative and quantitative
research?
A. Practical Research 1 C. Practical Research 3
B. Practical Research 2 D. Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion
2. Which of the following is the systematic examination to uncover facts?
A. Inquiry C. Immersion
B. Investigation D. Research

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3. Which of the following is the systematic search of information, knowledge, and
truth about a certain thing?
A. Inquiry C. Immersion
B. Investigation D. Research
4. Which of the following is the process wherein the researchers immerse
themselves in the culture they are studying?
A. Inquiry C. Immersion
B. Investigation D. Research
5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE about Research?
A. Research enhances knowledge.
B. Research is done to discover facts or principles.
C. Research helps to convey your ideas with each other.
D. Careful and unsystematic investigation to obtain valid facts.
6. Which of the following states the importance of research?
A. To hinder exchange of ideas and information.
B. To discriminate your subject using research.
C. To disapprove and discontinue learning process.
D. To dive deep in the subject or topic that you are interested.
7. Which of the following acts like a set of rules in doing research?
A. Conclusion C. Ethics
B. Data Analysis D. Summary of Findings
8. Which of the following statement is NOT TRUE about qualitative research?
A. Numerical in nature
B. Uses graphs and charts

C. Based on numbers and data

D. Asks broad questions and collects words from participants
9. Which of the following is TRUE about quantitative research?
A. The results are based on larger samples.

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 B. The research can usually be replicated because the data are reliable.
C. The research is usually made with right choice of words.
D. The data collected are usually in text forms.
10. In every successful research, which is said to be the starting point?
A. Bibliography C. Questionnaire
B. Research topic D. Statement of the problem
11. Which of the following DOES NOT describes a good research topic?
A. A good research topic should be clear.
B. A good research topic should be well-defined.
C. A good research topic should be broad.
D. A good research topic should be simple.
12. Which of the following should a researcher consider when choosing a research
topic? A researcher should _________________.
A. Choose a topic that will tempt you summarize rather than discuss.
B. Choose a topic that does not suit your interest.
C. Choose a topic that is researchable.
D. choose a topic that is lengthy.
13. All of the following are possible sources of research topic EXCEPT?
A. Books C. Official gazette
B. Gossips D. World wide web
14. Which of the following is the most common mistake that a novice researcher
commits?
A. Annotation C. Omission
B. Commission D. Plagiarism
15. What does a novice researcher need to keep in mind in order to avoid
plagiarism?
A. A novice researcher must acknowledge his/her sources.
B. A novice researcher must paraphrase the statements well.
C. A novice researcher must quote indirectly the quotation of others.

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 D. A novice researcher must pose another one’s work to claim as it is
his/her own work.
16. Which of the following refers to the standards on what is morally right or
wrong?
A. Approach in research C. Ethics in research
B. Confidentiality in research D. Morality in research
17. Which of the following is one of the techniques that can help you develop
an idea or topic for your research?
A. Brainstorming C. Manipulating
B. Gossiping D. Reading
18. A mind map is a brainstorming tool which primarily purpose is to?
A. help which topic to choose from C. organize ideas
B. narrow down topic D. all of the above
19. Which of the following is an example of a narrow topic?
A. Global warming C. Poverty among Filipinos
B. World pandemic D. Absenteeism among students
20. Which of the following is a characteristic of a good research topic?
A. The topic is obsolete C. The topic is unessential
B. The topic is overused D. The topic is of current importance

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 LESSON Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

Brainstorming for Research Topics

1

WHAT`S IN

Do you have any idea what Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion is?
It is a common subject included in K-12 Basic Education Curriculum. This will develop
the critical thinking and problem solving skills through qualitative and quantitative
researches.
Inquiry is defined as “the systematic search of information, knowledge, and truth
about certain thing”. It is the process of solving problem through researching and
probing. It involves questioning and interrogation.
Investigation is the systematic examination to uncover facts regarding the
matter. Investigation is done carefully and by thoroughly inspecting details in
organized manner and assessing facts which are uncovered in the process.
Immersion means that the researchers immerse themselves in the culture they
are studying. The payoff of immersion is usually immense as the researcher can gain
more information than through other method.

WHAT`S NEW

According to Clarke and Clarke, research is a careful, systematic and objective

investigation conducted to obtain valid facts, draw conclusions and establish
principles regarding an identifiable problem in some field of knowledge.

Another meaning from the American College of Dictionary, 1964 states that
research is a diligent and systematic inquiry or investigation into a subject in order to
discover facts or principles.
 In addition to, OECD, 2002 states that research comprises “creative work
undertaken on a systematic basis in order to increase the stock of knowledge of man,
culture and society, and the use of this stock of knowledge to devise new applications.
TWO TYPES OF RESEARCH
Quantitative research entails the collection of numerical data and exhibiting
the view of relationship between theory and research as deductive, a predilection for
natural science approach, and as having an objectivist conception of social reality,
Bryman and Bell (2005, p. 154).

Qualitative research, on the other hand, asks broad questions and collects
word data from phenomena or participants. The researcher looks for themes and
describes the information in themes and patterns exclusive to that set of participants.
Given the meaning of research, why is it that research is so important for you
as student? Here are some reasons.
• research enhances knowledge
• research clarifies confusion
• research helps students to have a proper understanding of the
subject
• research helps students to learn about the methods and issues
• research helps students understand the published work
• research helps students learn to create a balance between
collaborative and individual work
• research helps students know their interest

Why does a student like you need to write a Research paper?

➢ to communicate and convey your ideas
➢ to describe experiments, processes, approaches and results
➢ to dive deep into a subject or topic that you are interested in
➢ to learn something that will change the way you look at the world
 WHAT`S MORE

Directions: Write words related to the keyword that is inside the box. Write your
answers on the space next to the arrow. If you are done, you may proceed to the next
Activity. Do this activity in a separate paper.

1.

RESEARCH

EXAMPLE: Information
2.

INQUIRY

EXAMPLE: Asking

3..

INVESTIGATION

EXAMPLE: Scientific
4..

IMMERSION

EXAMPLE: Involvement

WHAT I CAN DO

Directions: Use the identified word/s from the first activity in a sentence and
write a paragraph related to the given word. Do this activity in a separate sheet of
paper.

“RESEARCH”
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________

“INQUIRY”
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________

“INVESTIGATION”
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________

“IMMERSION”
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________

LESSON Inquiries, Investigations, and Immersion

Research Topics
2
WHAT`S NEW

A research topic is an issue that a researcher is interested in when conducting

research. A well-defined research topic is the starting point of every successful
research project. Choosing a topic is a process by which researchers explore, define,
and refine their ideas.
A good topic helps in demonstrating the usefulness of your study and hence
the reason why good topic is important for your research. An irrelevant topic
translates directly to an irrelevant value. But to whom should the topic appear relevant
that’s another integral question one should first deeply consider. The answer is quite
simple; the topic must be relevant to the parties involved in your research. The starting
point for a good research topic lies within you and your educational program. A good
topic must be able to cover scientific, social, or practical relevance in the entire study.
The research topic must depict some relevance to you as a person. Since you
will be dealing with your research for a longer period of time, the research subject you
choose must also have some significance in you as an individual. This explains that
we always insist on finding good topic for research before commenting on anything.
Some students have experienced some challenging moments and even failed to
maintain their momentum due to poor topic selection. In conducting your research, be
patient, persistent, and diligent.

WHAT IS IT

CHARACTERISTICS OF A GOOD RESEARCH TOPIC

A good research topic is a comprehensive task and requires a great deal of
effort on your part as a researcher. Your research topic is the most important factor in
determining the success of your study. A good research topic should have the
following qualities:

Cover a Specific Subject. Good research paper is specific. While a simple

internet search yields thousands of possible research topics, many of these are too
general. Choose a topic that isn’t too broad and could focus on many different aspects.
For example, social issues in the Philippines are a good topic to write about but it is
broad. Instead, you can choose one aspect of social issues such as poverty,
unemployment, early teen pregnancy, bullying, broken family, absenteeism etc.
 Make the Topic Relevant. Choose to write about topics that are relevant. In
order to make your topic timely, focus on current issues or find a way to make your
preferred topic relevant to what is going on in the world. For example, a topic with
regards to school bullying might seem to be overused. Think of some topics that are
rarely or yet to be used as a research topic.

QUALITIES OF A GOOD RESEARCH TOPIC

1. Clarity is the most important quality of any research topic. The topic should
have to be clear so that others can easily understand the nature of your research. The
research topic should have a single interpretation so that people cannot get distracted.
The topic should have to be very clear in your mind so that you can properly undertake
it.

2. Well-defined and well-phrased research topic is a half guarantee of a

successful research. Sometimes researchers phrase the research topic in such a way
that it gives a double-barreled impression. The research topic should have to be well-
defined and well-phrased and it should have to be easy to understand.

3. The language of the research topic should have to be simple. You should
use technical terms only when it is necessary, otherwise use simple words so that
everyone can understand it. Keep the ethics of writing in your mind to avoid any
unethical term or sentence. Do not introduce any sort of bias directly or indirectly,
willingly or unwillingly in the research problem or research topic.
4. The titling of the research problem should follow the rules of titling. There
are various rules of titling. When formulating an effective research title, take the
following guidelines into consideration:
✓ indicate accurately the subject and the scope of the study.
✓ the title must be limited to 10 to 15 substantive words. Conjunctions (
and, but, because), prepositions (in, on, at) and articles (the, a, an) are
not counted.
✓ do not include analysis of, study of, and investigation of and the like.
✓ the title must be in phrase form.
✓ avoid title that gives too much information.
 5. Current importance should also be the consideration of the researcher
while selecting a research topic. An obsolete topic will not be beneficial for anyone the
topic should have current importance. You should also assess how much the topic will
provide benefit to the field in which you are conducting the study.

Guidelines for Choosing a Topic

Often you're assigned a topic to write about or asked to choose among several
topics. When you can choose your own topic, keep the following points in mind:

• Choose a topic that's appropriate to the length of your paper. Students often
pick topics that are too broad to be adequately covered. Narrow topics lead to close
observation, while broad topics lead to overgeneralization.
• Avoid a topic that will tempt you to summarize rather than to discuss or
analyze. Don't choose the plot of Macbeth but how the final scene of Macbeth
illustrates the play's theme. The second topic is narrower and less likely to lead to
summary. When considering a topic, ask yourself if it can lead to a reasonable
research.
• Choose a topic that interests you. If you don't care about limiting cigarette
advertising, don't select it as a topic for a persuasive essay. You'll have more to say,
and you'll write better, on something you care about. Generally, if you choose a topic
that is interesting to you, then your reader will find it interesting too.
• If your assignment requires research, choose a topic on which you can find
material. Even when you aren't writing a research paper, make sure you select a
subject that you can develop with sufficient details.

BRAINSTORMING
It. can help you develop an idea for a topic and identify questions and keywords.
Brainstorming, mindmaps and concepts maps are terms that are often used
interchangeably. They all refer to a quick, simple technique for generating and
focusing ideas and making connections between concepts.

When brainstorming, don't worry about grammar, spelling, or formatting initially. Just
jot down ideas until you can't think of anymore, then go back and make connections
between the ideas. If an idea appeals to you, make it the center idea on a new piece
of paper and brainstorm more details.
Example of Brainstorming 1: Mindmap
Here's an example of a mindmap. The student used colors to organize his ideas: red
is the idea he started with, green are broader concepts, black are subtopics. He put
a red star on the topic he decided to focus on.

Example of a mindmap.

Example of Brainstorming 2: Concept Map

This shows a more formal example of brainstorming to go from a broad topic

(broken family) to narrower topics (financial and health problems), to even more narrow
topics (like lack of job, have STD’s and third party involve).

Topic Narrower Topic Even Narrower

Broken family Financial problem Lack of job
Cannot buy needs and
necessities
 Health problem Have STD’s
Misunderstanding Third party involve

WHAT`S MORE

Directions: Think of specific research topics from the broad topics listed below.
Write your answers in a separate sheet of paper. Use the rubric as your
guide.
❖ online games
❖ social media
❖ grades
❖ malnutrition
❖ teenage pregnancy
❖ college courses
❖ sports
❖ drugs
❖ gadgets
❖ online classes
For example:
Broad Topic: Grades
Specific Topic: Impacts of Absenteeism to the Number of Dropouts in School.

1. Broad Topic: _________________________________________

Specific Topic: ________________________________________

2. Broad Topic: _________________________________________

Specific Topic: ________________________________________

3. Broad Topic: _________________________________________

Specific Topic: ________________________________________

4. Broad Topic: _________________________________________

 Specific Topic: ________________________________________

5. Broad Topic: _________________________________________

Specific Topic: ________________________________________
RUBRIC

Performance Excellent Good Average Poor

Elements
Idea Ideas clearly Ideas may be Ideas are Ideas not
development organized and evident but the present but developed and
supported organizational vague and do lack
throughout the structure not flow organization
essay needs to be smoothly
strengthened
(10 points) (8-10) (6-7) (4-5) (1-3)
Elaboration Well written. Well written. Awkward Poor writing
Fully Most points writing style. with little or no
elaborated elaborated with Points are specific details
points with clear and general. Errors
clear and detailed are present.
accurate information
information
(10 points) (8-10) (6-7) (4-5) (1-3)
Mechanics No critical 2-3 critical 4-5 critical 6 or more
errors errors errors errors
interfering with interfering with interfering with interfering with
comprehension comprehension comprehension comprehension
(5 points) (4-5) (3) (2) (1)
(09/18/2019) Adopted from http://www.rubrics.com / rubrics/ Essay.html

WHAT I HAVE LEARNED

Research is an important tool for students in order for them to express

themselves, find better innovations and solutions to a problem, test some experiments
and so much more.
In order for student researchers land with a great research, they must first come
up with a good research topic. A good research topic is somewhat a foundation to
gauge the success or failure of a research. So students must remember that a good
topic cannot be made on just a one night basis, it has to take some time.
Brainstorming is one way of to help students develop an idea for their research
topic. This method refer to quick, simple technique for generating and focusing ideas
and making connections between concepts. One does not need to worry about the
grammar nor the spelling of the words. They just need to jot down notes in order to
make the broad topic narrower for a clearer and better research topic.

ASSESSMENT

Directions: Multiple Choice: Read the questions carefully and select the letter of the
correct answer. Write your answers on a separate sheet of paper.

21. John is doing his research, which of the following is the mistake committed by John
in doing his research?
A. John paraphrased skillfully to avoid the exact statement of his source.
B. John quoted accurately and directly the source of his research.
C. John signaled the presence of a quotation skillfully.
D. John acknowledge his source carefully.

22. Which of the following is NOT a consideration when writing a research title?
A. the title must be in phrase form.
B. the title must be limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.
C. indicate accurately the subject and the scope of the study.
D. should include analysis of, study of, and investigation of and the like.

23. What is the process of solving problem through researching and probing?
A. Inquiry C. Immersion
B. Investigation D. Research

24. Which of the following is done carefully and by thoroughly inspecting details in an
organized manner?
A. Inquiry C. Immersion
B. Investigation D. Research
25. Which is said to be the payoff or gain in immersion?
A. Compensation C. More knowledge
B. Money D. High grade

26. Which of the following is the essence of research?

A. Misunderstanding society and social processes
B. Giving misinformation to people
C. Destroying theories
D. Enhancing knowledge

27. Johnny is angry that he is going to make another research paper in the next
semester; Henry, Johnny’s classmate explained that research is important for students
like them in what manner?
A. To create conflict among students like them.
B. To communicate and convey their ideas.
C. To be included in the honor roll.
D. To get good grades.

28. All of the following data refers to quantitative research EXCEPT?

A. Broad questions C. Numerical figure
B. Large sample D. Pie chart and bar graph

29. Cathy is making a quantitative research and she is aware that among the following
is the most widely used branch of mathematics in quantitative research?
A. Algebra C. Statistics
B. Calculus D. Trigonometry

30. Which is an ongoing process in which researchers explore, define and refine their
ideas?
A. Asking questions C. Making the statement of the problem
B. Choosing a topic D. Writing questionnaires
31. Which of the following is a sign of a good research topic?
A. Creating confusion to readers.
B. Translating into irrelevant research value.
C. Demonstrating the usefulness of the study.
D. Displaying irrelevance of the research paper.

32. When you are writing a research paper, you should be aware that all of the
following are characteristics of a good research EXCEPT?
A. The topic should be relevant C. The topic educates the readers
B. The topic should be obsolete D. The topic is the researcher’s interest

33. Which of the following is the most important quality of a research topic?
A. The topic is broad C. The topic is complicated
B. The topic is clear D. The topic is vague

34. Which of the following is a well phrased and easy to understand research topic?
A. Clear C. Relevant
B. Simple D. Well defined

35. Sydney does not use technical terms in her research topic, instead, she uses
words that can be easily understand by people. Which of the following defines
Sydney’s research topic?
A. Clear C. Relevant
B. Simple D. Well defined

36. Jane makes use of the topic, “Covid 19 in Dagupan City”. Which of the following
quality describe the research of Jane?
A. Clear C. Relevant
B. Current importance D. Well defined
37. Which of the following is irrelevant in brainstorming?
A. Make connections between the ideas
B. Be careful with your grammar
C. Do not worry about spelling
D. Just jot down ideas

38. Why is it that students are advised to have a narrow and simple topic instead of a
broad one?
A. A narrow topic will lead you to summarize your research.
B. A narrow topic will confuse the readers about the research.
C. A narrow topic will give the readers a clear idea on your research.
D. A narrow topic will only lead to more revisions and expenses on your
research.

39. Caleb is frustrated because he cannot find additional resources for his research.
Where can Caleb find additional resources for his research?
A. Google C. Hearsay from their other friend
B. Gossips of their neighbors D. Story of his grandfather

40. Paul does not like the topic given by his teacher. Paul cannot do well on his
research PRIMARILY because?
A. He doesn’t have enough resources
B. The topic is too broad
C. The topic is not clear enough
D. The topic does not interest him