COURSE: POLITICAL CULTURE AND

COMMUNICATIONS
Ass.Albina Berisha
a.berisha@eust.edu.mk
LESSON 1
TOPIC: CONFLICT MANAGEMENT

 Conflict is a signal that something has not been fixed with communication, or
that it has been significantly differentiated.
 People generally tend to view conflict as a negative thing. Even if you do not
use violence, conflicts are often associated with strong emotions and
unpleasant situations.
 Conflict can be a source of fear, anger, stress, despair, violence, and even
war. But, you can usually be a source of inspiration, learning, empowerment,
controlling relationships, constructive change and doing.
 Conflict is natural and inevitable, where the problem does not exist as the
existence of the conflict but how to deal with it.
CAUSES OF CONFLICT

Relationship conflict * poor communication

* different stereotypes
* negative behavior
Information conflict * non-existence of information
* disinformation
* different criteria
Conflict of interest * property
* prodecurale
* psychological
Conflict of structures * various sources
* geographical limits
* time limits
Conflict of procedures * breaking the rules
* unclear intentions
* stage jump
Conflict of values * religion, ideology
* differences in morality criteria
* conflicting values
THE CONFLICT’s TRIANGLE
 A. Attitude - represents the side
subjective of the conflict, that
C. Disagreement includes attitudes and
perceptions of the parties.
 B. Behavior - is that how we
express our attitudes . The way
of behavior is action or non-
action in response to our
attitudes and those of the party.
 C. Disagreement - refers to the
current situation or
incompatibility to goals,
interests, needs and values.

A. Attitude B. Behavior
 Levels of conflict
 Conflicts within groups people
 Conflict between individuals
 Conflicts between groups
people
 Conflicts between states
and groups
 Conflicts between states
Sources of conflict
 Attitudes, values and perceptions of
different
 Disagreements about needs, goals,
priorities and interests
 Lack of resources (income,
equipment, skills, territory, etc.)
 Poor communication
 Poor organizational structure or e
inadequate
 Lack of clarity about roles and
responsibilities
COMMUNICATION AND CONFLICT

 The importance of communication in conflict and conflict management should

not be underestimated. Most people communicate on inefficient way when
they are angry or under deep pressure, e.g. is the frequent case in conflicts.
 The parties to the conflict tend to misinterpret the things that the opponents
of they say. In devastating conflicts in general and in wars in particular,
rumors appear more often than facts.
 Communication is often profoundly affected by conflict with channels
communications that are charged or broken.
 Communication is also the means by which one can make conflict
manageable. Via constructive communication, the parties must exchange
them real concerns, suggestions, intentions and emotions to others.
Respectful communication brings people closer together.
 Facilitates compromises or even common solutions and useful.
Topic: COOPERATION

 During the talks we witness the direct discussion of the participants about the
conflict and they bring common solution, and not any other in their place.
 The mediator first talks to each of the parties. He specifies the rules. Ensures
the reconciliation of the joint meeting. Facilitates the communication
process.
 Consultation is varied during mediation, in which case the consultant consults
separately the problems of both parties to the conflict and then agrees on a
joint meeting.
Eight rules during the consultation: Types of negotiations

1.Contain it “here and now ”  We have two types of negotations:

2. Stay neutral
3. Do not give rating 1. negotations based on attitude,
4. Do not give personal advice
5. Do not take advantage of 2. negotations based on interest.
the other's problems
6. Do not ask questions which use me "why"
7. Do not comment, when paraphrases
8. Face it first feelings
Obstacles to finding a solution How to remove obstacles?

1. Immature estimates 1. Divide two processes

2. Premature closure of solutions 2. Expand the range of
News solutions offered
3. Review the situation by 3. Look for what is useful for him all parties
the “either - or” attitude 4. Find the way of relief of the decisions of
4. Each of the parties is e mainly worried the other party
about own interests of direct personal
Discussion

 Have you ever being a part of a conflict ?

 How did you manage it ?
 Do you think there is positive side from conflict ?
 How effective is cooperation in our life ?