SPE 127816

Innovative and Cost Effective Completion Technique for Saturation

Surveillance Wellbore in Ratawi Reservoir of Wafra Field PNZ-Kuwait
B. Utomo, SPE, and R. Cullen, SPE, Saudi Arabian Chevron; S. Elbalasy, SPE, OSSCo.; O. El-Gendi, S. Razzak,
SPE, and M. Al-Hamdan, Kuwait Gulf Oil Company; A. Pasicznyk, SPE, A. Fadda, SPE, M. Glaser, SPE, and
L. Erdmann, SPE, Weatherford

Copyright 2010, Society of Petroleum Engineers

This paper was prepared for presentation at the SPE North Africa Technical Conference and Exhibition held in Cairo, Egypt, 14–17 February 2010.

This paper was selected for presentation by an SPE program committee following review of information contained in an abstract submitted by the author(s). Contents of the paper have not been
reviewed by the Society of Petroleum Engineers and are subject to correction by the author(s). The material does not necessarily reflect any position of the Society of Petroleum Engineers, its
officers, or members. Electronic reproduction, distribution, or storage of any part of this paper without the written consent of the Society of Petroleum Engineers is prohibited. Permission to
reproduce in print is restricted to an abstract of not more than 300 words; illustrations may not be copied. The abstract must contain conspicuous acknowledgment of SPE copyright.

Abstract

Horizontal sidetracking and waterflood are part of current Wafra Ratawi reservoir management strategies. These have proven
successful to arrest production decline. A comprehensive surveillance program is considered to be the key to optimize
waterflood performance. Saturation profile is one of critical parameters to understand waterflood sweep efficiency. The best
way to acquire saturation data is by running saturation logs in vertical wells. Since horizontal sidetracking is one reservoir
management strategy, the remaining vertical wells accessible for saturation logging are becoming limited and soon will not be
available. This paper discusses an innovative and cost effective approach to this surveillance challenge. A combination of
permanent fullbore oriented packer and retrievable whipstock, a selective re-entry system, was chosen to complete the wells.
The existing vertical wellbore was converted to an observation wellbore before sidetracking. This technique has potential to
save significant capital investment by using existing vertical wellbores to serve saturation surveillance purposes.

Since the intent is to run saturation logs periodically in the vertical observation wellbore and to produce through the horizontal
lateral during normal operation, there are several operational challenges that must be resolved. These mainly include: debris
falling during ESP well services, re-entry jobs in horizontal lateral by work string, and effect of squeeze cement operation on
cased-hole logs readings. This paper also discusses how the proposed completion techniques overcome these issues.

Three wells have been successfully completed with this system. The first time-lapse cased-hole logs were also successfully run
in one of these wells, including an attempt to re-enter the horizontal lateral by work string that went smoothly. This unique
concept of saturation surveillance wellbore in horizontal producers can also be extended for new drill infill producers
completed with cased pilot hole. The technique is considered to be an innovative and first time application across the globe.

Introduction

The Wafra field is located in the Partitioned Neutral Zone (PNZ) between Kuwait and Saudi Arabia (Figure-1). It was
discovered by Aminoil and Pacific Western (later Getty Oil) in 1954. The mineral rights in this region are shared equally
between the two countries. The field is now operated by Saudi Arabian Chevron (SAC), a 100% owned subsidiary of Chevron,
and Kuwait Gulf Oil Company (KGOC). SAC operates the field on behalf of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia under a 60 years
concession agreement signed in 1949 that was recently extended in 2009. Out of the six reservoirs in the Wafra field, the most
prolific is the Lower Cretaceous Ratawi Oolitic Limestone.

This reservoir has been producing 24° API gravity oil since 1956. The Main Area of the reservoir was primarily under solution
gas drive and only the East Wafra area is exposed to active aquifer support. By 1988, the average reservoir pressure had
declined to nearly half of the initial reservoir pressure after production of almost 600 MMBO. Production curtailment was
being considered as an alternative to reduce the pressure decline.1 The field was shut-in during the first Gulf War and was then
brought on-line shortly thereafter with extensive development drilling.
2 SPE 127816

PARTITIONED
NEUTRAL IRAN
IRAQ
ZONE
KUWAIT

KUWAIT CITY
KUWAIT SAUDI ARABIAN
AHMADI ARABIA GULF

MINAGISH BURGAN CYRUS

DORRA
ESFANDIAR
UMM GUDAIR
MINA
HOUT
WAFRA SAUD
LULU
FIELD MARJAN
NEUTRAL KHAFJI

KUWAIT & SAUDI ARABIA ZONE

BORDER
S. FUWARIS
ZULUF
SAUDI
JAUF DISC. WELL
ARABIA 0 25 50 KM
SAFANIYA

Figure-1: Wafra field location in the Partitioned Neutral Zone between Kuwait and the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

The first horizontal well was drilled in 1996 and in the following year the first horizontal sidetrack well was completed. Since
then over 40 new horizontal wells were drilled and more than 100 vertical wells were horizontally sidetracked. All of the
horizontal laterals were completed as an open-hole completion.

The reservoir pressure continued to decline as a result of extensive development drilling, especially in the Main Area where
the aquifer support was limited by the existence of a “basal barrier”—a sealing feature that controls the vertical aquifer
encroachment into the more promising upper horizons. Therefore, pressure maintenance campaign was implemented in the
Main Area. A peripheral waterflood was started in 1998 and a crestal bottom waterflood, WEP (Waterflood Enhancement
Project), was initiated in 2005.2 Figure-2 shows the production and development history in the Main Area of this Oolite
Limestone reservoir. The remaining vertical producers, targetted for horizontal sidetrack, also can be seen in the insert map.

Main Area East Wafra Oil Production

Water Production
Producers Online
Injectors Online

Crestal Bottom Waterflood

Peripheral Waterflood

First Horizontal
Sidetrack Well

First Horizontal Well

Remaining vertical
producers to be
sidetracked Gulf War

Figure-2: Wafra Ratawi Main Area production and development history.

Current Reservoir Management Strategies

The application of peripheral waterflood has helped increasing reservoir pressure around the periphery and swept the oil into
the first ring producers. Together with extensive development drilling between 2000 and 2004, it has contributed to the field
production reaching its peak in 2002. However, it was found that after water breakthrough the first ring producers, the crestal
part of the reservoir remained unsupported and, instead, water injection cycling dominated. A decision was made in 2005 to
initiate crestal bottom waterflood, WEP, started with five crestal injectors. The project was extended in 2007 with additional
SPE 127816 3

seven crestal injectors. This strategy has proven effective increasing reservoir pressure in the low pressure regions unsupported
by peripheral injections. This crestal bottom injection has been adopted as current reservoir management strategy in the Main
Area waterflood. One additional crestal injector is also being considered in this year.

To deal with the water production, the current reservoir management strategies include horizontal sidetracking the vertical
producers, Water Shut-Off (WSO) programs, and recompletion of peripheral injectors into deeper zones. Out of all, horizontal
sidetrack has been recognized to be the most successful as this strategy minimizes water coning tendency, increases
productivity, and improves sweep efficiency. It is also found to be more cost effective. The entire vertical producers are being
converted or planned to be horizontally sidetracked. All new drill producers are also completed as an open-hole horizontal
well.

The Needs for Saturation Surveillance

The current reservoir management strategies of Wafra Ratawi Main Area demand a comprehensive surveillance program to
achieve its goals. Optimizing waterflood performance requires information about the state of sweep efficiency. At the same
token minimizing water production needs knowledge of water oil contact and understanding of water sources. Saturation
profile is the key ingredient to answer these challenges. The time lapse of this saturation profile is also an important element to
understand the effectiveness of current recovery mechanism. And the best way to acquire saturation data is by running
saturation logs in vertical wells.

The two strategies, waterflood and horizontal sidetrack, complement each other in term of improving sweep efficiency.
However, they become conflicting strategies as far as saturation surveillance concerned. Having horizontal sidetracking as one
reservoir management strategy, the remaining vertical wells accessible for saturation logging are becoming limited and soon
will not be available at all. This means that, without drilling dedicated observation wells, the ability to run saturation logs soon
will be lost.

Given this situation, the asset team embarked on an effort to establish key saturation monitoring wells in Wafra Ratawi Main
Area. Several options were investigated and compared. The selected approach has to be practical and cost effective. Any
operational issues and alteration to current reservoir management strategies also have to be kept at minimum. Importantly,
those key wells should enable us to run time-lapse saturation logs that will be used for the following purposes:

• Evaluate waterflood performance to improve sweep efficiency.

• Identify any by-passed oil, injection conformance modification requirements, water shut-off candidates, and infill well
development opportunities.
• Update and validate the reservoir simulation model to improve forecast reliability.

Saturation Surveillance Options Evaluated

Three viable options evaluated include: (1) Drill dedicated cased-hole observation wells; (2) CTU conveyed cased-hole
logging in bend section of crestal horizontal injectors; (3) Convert the vertical hole of the existing vertical producers to a
cased-observation hole before horizontally sidetracked (HST).

Drilling dedicated observation wells is an ideal condition for monitoring purposes. But to cover a large area of the field,
dozens of observations wells have to be drilled. Certainly, a common economic scale question will arise: how to pay out the
well capital investments out of a non-producing observation wells. With reservoir depth of ~6,500 ft-TVDss, even a simple
vertical well will cost 3 - 4 MM$ easily. It is sometimes difficult to quantify the economic value of an observation well up
front since the value of information is typically revealed after the observation itself takes place.

All of recent crestal injectors are cased and the shoe depth is deep enough to isolate the productive uppers pays. It is possible
to run saturation logging tools using CTU to measure the saturation profile in the cased-hole bend or curve section of these
wells. Although technically possible, operationally it is more expensive and complicated. There is also concern on the
reliability of the data gathered as it is measuring at the injection location where it may fail to represent the sweep responses in
producers.

The third surveillance option requires keeping the existing vertical hole as an observation hole by utilizing a retrievable
whipstock. Note that the current sidetrack practices in Wafra Ratawi use a permanent whipstock and abandon the vertical hole.
Instead, a retrievable whipstock will be set above the top of existing perforations before sidetracking the well. All open
perforations will be cement squeezed to prevent any cross-flows. It also calls for drilling out cement (and plugs) and cleaning
out any debris fills down to the required depth, to enable logging all intervals of interest and provide enough rat-hole for the
4 SPE 127816

logging tools. Once this vertical wellbore conversion phase done, the designed drainhole, a +1,500 ft short radius horizontal
lateral targeting the top of reservoir, can be drilled by using a retrievable whipstock. The displacement between the vertical
hole and the landing point of the horizontal drainhole is typically around 500 ft. For typical Ratawi reservoir properties, this
should provide adequate distance to be away from any cresting or coning region. A conceptual simulation model in figure-3
below provides some insight on this.

Figure-3: A conceptual simulation model of vertical monitoring wellbore in HST well with 500 ft displacement to landing point

The team decided to proceed with this third option. There are 16 wells potentially could be converted to observation wells by
HST. This unique approach will minimize the capital investment while enable us to run saturation log periodically to monitor
waterflood sweep efficiency and meet the surveillance objectives. During normal operation, these wells are still able to make
production from the horizontal sidetrack drainhole. Static pressure measurement can also be collected in the same well. In fact,
some of these observation wells have also been selected as key pressure monitoring wells. Both saturation and pressure
information are known to be critical surveillance data for good reservoir management practice. Note that this unique concept
of saturation surveillance wellbore in horizontal producers can also be extended for new drill infill wells completed with cased
pilot hole.

Selected Completion Technique

Using existing vertical wellbores for reservoir monitoring and creating new horizontal producers requires investigation into
various technologies in order to realize cost optimizations. Multilateral well configurations are seen as an obvious enabler to
combine the function of reservoir monitoring and horizontal production into a single well. By combining these functions, top
down drilling costs associated with drilling another wellbore are eliminated and existing surface infrastructure can be utilized.
The key to using multilaterals to realize cost benefits is in selecting the appropriate multilateral technology for this particular
application. The selection criteria for this required multilateral system can be simplified as follows:

• It must combine reservoir monitoring and horizontal production into a single well.
• It must allow re-entry into the mainbore for cased-hole saturation logging
• It must allow re-entry into the horizontal lateral for wellbore stimulation
• It should allow for the isolation of the mainbore during milling, drilling, and lateral stimulation operations.
• It should be installed with low risk
• It should be installed with low cost

The selected multilateral completion technique that meets all of the criteria is referred to as a TAML Level 2 selective re-entry
system. The core component of this system is a permanent orientation packer, with a large through-bore inner diameter, which
provides a datum for depth and orientation of milling and re-entry equipment. The methodology is field proven with hundreds
of applications though recent technology iterations have improved product capabilities. The installation process is a
SPE 127816 5

compilation of conventional tools lending itself to the low risk to install. Since, conventional tools and methodologies are
deployed; minimal trips and possession time translate to low cost for this installation.

The TAML Level 2 selective re-entry system provides a multilateral junction from a cased and cemented mainbore with a
barefoot lateral wellbore. Prior to commencing the multilateral operations, a gauge run is deployed to both clean the wellbore
and ensure that completion and milling equipment will drift to the planned setting depths. This assembly consists of a window
mill on bottom, followed by a watermelon mill, collar spacer, and another watermelon mill spaced out sufficiently to mimic
the whipstock system, which is the longest assembly (Figure-4).

With the gauge run completed, the running and setting of the permanent orientation packer can be performed. The packer can
be conveyed on either wireline or drillpipe. Setting of the packer can be accomplished using a wireline setting tool or
hydraulic setting tool using tubing pressure following a ball drop. Bi-directional slips engage the casing to resist axial and
rotational forces imposed during the window milling process. The packer is set irrespective of orientation and the eventual
determination of the packer orientation will be performed on a subsequent trip. Once set, the packer provides orientation,
within +/- 4 degrees, for both window milling and re-entry assemblies. Both the milling and re-entry assemblies utilize a
stinger on the bottom, which has a key that is guided by the integral packer helical profile into an orientation slot in the packer.
Once the stinger key enters the slot, the stinger itself latches into the packer via a collet mechanism mating to square wickers.
This action locks the stinger and milling / re-entry assemblies into the packer. The stinger can be run with or without a seal
stack that seals inside the packer seal bore. Both the packer and stinger seal assemblies adhere to ISO 14310 V3 pressure and
temperature certifications. With the seal stack on the stinger, pressure isolation is provided between the mainbore completion
and the eventual lateral to be created. When the window milling or re-entry assemblies are not deployed, the packer has a
large throughbore inner diameter to allow for the clearance of saturation surveillance logging tools below the packer.

Since the packer is set blind, an orientation run must be made to determine the azimuth of the orientation slot in the packer.
Once known, the orientation will be a permanent record of the downhole slot for future window mill and re-entry operations.
The orientation assembly consists of stinger assembly, the same used to anchor the milling and re-entry assemblies in the
packer, on bottom followed by a UBHO sub, 1 joint of drill pipe, a full gage stabilizer for centralization, and drill pipe to
surface. The UBHO key and stinger key are aligned together by adjusting either the UBHO sleeve or the stinger spline. When
run, the stinger self-aligns the key to the packer slot and latches in the packer. Slight overpull will verify stinger engagement
in the packer. A surface readout gyro is run on wireline through the pipe and landed in the UBHO sub to determine the
toolface reading of the landed stinger key which is also the orientation of the packer slot.

Using the packer slot orientation, the one trip whipstock system can be aligned to the desired azimuth on surface by adjusting
the splined stinger as required. The entire milling assembly consists of the stinger on bottom, followed by spacer collar(s) as
needed, the whipstocks, and the milling assembly (lead mill, flex mill, and specified string member). As the one trip
whipstock assembly is lowered into the wellbore, the stinger key will engage the helical profile inside the orientation packer
and the whipstock face will be self-aligned to the desired azimuth and the internal slot profile. With the stinger collet latched
into place, a slight over pull will verify that the whipstock assembly is oriented and locked. Set down weight shears the
milling assembly from the whipstock and the entire window and subsequent rathole is milled in one trip. Once the rathole is
completed, the milling assembly is retrieved to surface.

Conventional drilling practices are then deployed to drill the lateral for an eventual barefoot completion of the lateral.
Following the drilling procedures, the versatility of the multilateral system allows for a number of options: (1) The whipstock
can be left to allow for full gauge re-entry of the lateral; thereby, deferring the retrieval of the whipstock until cased-hole
saturation logging tools are run; (2) The whipstock can be retrieved and a flow-through re-entry deflector can be run to allow
for full gauge re-entry of the lateral; (3) the whipstock can be retrieved and cased-hole saturation logging tools can be run
without further intervention. Retrieval of the whipstock is easily completed by running a retrieval hook, or contingency die
collar, to engage the whipstock for a straight-pull, shear release of the whipstock and stinger assemblies.

The re-entry deflector can be deployed to direct full bore assemblies into the lateral. The deflector assembly consists of the
same stinger as used while milling, spacer subs as needed to provide the same space out as the window milling whipstock, the
re-entry deflector itself, and the running /retrieving tool. With a 6 degree whipstock face, the deflector provides the guidance
of a traditional whipstock, but has a bit for flexibility. It has a flow through bore to allow for fluid production through the
deflector if needed. Conversely, if pressure isolation between the lateral and mainbore are required, then a solid blanking sub
can be run below the deflector and above the stinger with the seals installed. The deflector is conveyed on a running/retrieving
tool which is basically a cylinder with internal J slot pegs and shear pinned to the re-entry deflector. As in the milling
whipstock orientation, the deflector can be adjusted to the same azimuth as the milled window by simply adjusting the splined
connection on the stinger. The entire assembly is run in and the stinger mates with the helical packer profile to self-orient the
deflector. Once the stinger is confirmed to be latched, set down weight is applied to shear the screws connecting the
running/retrieving tool with the deflector. As the running tool shears, it also moves down a J slot guided by the internal pegs.
6 SPE 127816

A quarter turn to the right moves the pegs to allow the running tool to be released. Retrieval of the re-entry deflector is
performed using the same tool in the reverse order of operations. The pegs are guided into the J slot and a quarter turn left
allow for the pegs to engage the J and straight pull is applied to shear release the stinger from the packer.

Operational Challenges and Solution Approaches

Since the intent was to run the saturation logs periodically and to put the well pumping as a typical producer during normal
operation, there were several operational challenges needs to be resolved. These challenges were comprised mainly of: (1)
Debris falling during ESP well services; (2) Future re-entry jobs in horizontal lateral; (3) Effect of squeeze cement operation
on Sigma log reading

It was reported that debris, cable clamps, and junk were frequently found during routine well services. This will become an
issue if we keep the vertical monitoring hole open during normal operation. It could easily blocked the access to this
observation hole when running the saturation logs and thus fail to achieve the surveillance purposes. To overcome this, several
alternative solutions were investigated including: (i) Create more additional rat-hole; (ii) Install a junk basket above permanent
packer; (iii) Leave the retrievable whipstock in the well. The team preferred the third option to leave the retrievable whipstock
in the well to protect the permanent packer and the vertical observation hole. All the debris or junk falling on the top of the
whipstock can be easily cleaned and pushed back into the long wellbore lateral or circulated up to the surface. The whipstock
can be retrieved anytime when logging job is to be performed. This approach was also found to be the most practical and cost
efficient.

One simple option to construct a similar well completion configuration is to set a RBP and a retrievable whipstock. However,
this option raised an issue for the re-entry jobs required in the future to access the lateral section. RBP does not have
orientation device to guarantee a drill string goes into the same lateral section without milling a new hole. Depth control might
not be an issue but azimuth control is a big problem with this option. This was also the reason why the team opted for the use
of permanent fullbore packer with orientation device to ensure smooth re-entry operations, both by CTU and drill string,
during the life of the well.

Given that PNC (Pulse Neutron Capture) log was chosen to be the main saturation logging tool used in the surveillance
programs, another concern investigated was the effect of squeeze cement operation on Sigma log reading. The typical squeeze
cement job involves killing the well, injection testing, and displacing the cement slurry, in which they use fresher brackish
water of ~20,000 PPM salinity. Since the expected formation water salinity are well above 100,000 PPM (Ratawi formation
water 230,000 PPM; Zubair dumpflood water 180,000 PPM; Peripheral injection water 130,000 PPM), this completion fluid
invasion will inevitably register some effect to the Sigma measurement. To alleviate this concern, the team evaluated the
following solution approaches: (i) Metal skin liner to isolate existing perforations; (ii) Modify cementing practice by using
more saline water as completion fluid; (iii) Run baseline Sigma logs. It was decided to first run baseline Sigma logs to see the
magnitude of this fluid invasion effect and then modify the cement squeeze procedures. The baseline logs were run in the first
three key saturation monitoring wells and some modifications of workover procedures were recommended accordingly. It was
observed that the effect of completion fluid invasion can be minimized by swabbing the killing fluid and using more saline
water as the completion brine.

Implementation and Results

At the time of writing this paper, three wells have been successfully completed. A 7” selective re-entry system was installed in
the first well. Initially, this vertical well had a perforated 5” liner. Since there is no selective re-entry system for 5” casing size
in the market, it was decided to set the retrievable whipstock in 7” casing, just above the 5” liner hanger. This design also
allowed us to sidetrack the well with a 6-1/8” bit where tripe combo logging suite can be run to better steer the well trajectory
to stay in the target. The existing open perforations in the 5” liner were cement squeezed to prevent any cross-flows. It also
called for drilling out the existing cement plugs and retainers down to the liner shoe, to enable logging all intervals of interest
and provide adequate rat-hole for the logging tools. Baseline saturation logs were run before and after squeeze cement job that
will be used as references for future time-lapse saturation profiles monitoring and to understand the impact of cement squeeze
operation on the Sigma reading. Two gyro surveys were run to set and confirm the whipstock face orientation. It achieved a
good agreement with the designed azimuth orientation. The drainhole was drilled smoothly and, after stimulation job by CTU,
the well was brought online with the whipstock left in the hole.

After around three months of production, the first time-lapse logging was conducted. The whipstock was first retrieved without
any probrem. After the logging runs finished, a re-entry deflector was set back into the oriented packer and followed by an
attempt to re-enter the horizontal lateral by work string. Then the well was put back online. All these jobs went very smoothly.
Figure-5 illustrates the final well completion diagrams, both during normal production mode and wireline logging mode.
SPE 127816 7

The log interpretation results in this first well are depicted in Figure-6. The last track on the log shows the water saturation
derived from Sigma logs. The effect of low salinity completion fluid invasion was noticed by comparing the logs before and
after cement squeeze job (marked in yellow). However, after some production from the horizontal laterals, this invasion fluid
has been swept away from the near wellbore region by oil (light green) and formation water (light blue). It was also observed a
possible high permeability streak at depth ~6750 ft that would be otherwise unrecognizable without this surveillance wellbore.

The second well has a 9-5/8” production casing. Similar procedures were applied in this well as in the first well. The only
different was that the packer was set by drill pipe instead of electric wireline due to its bigger size. Higher salinity water was
also used as completion fluid to minimize its impact on Sigma reading. Currently the well is waiting for its first time-lapse
logging. The third well is just recently completed with a 7” selective re-entry system similar to the first well.

Conclusions

The paper demonstrated an innovative approach to overcome the surveillance challenges in saturation profiles monitoring
efforts to meet the reservoir management strategies of Wafra Ratawi Main Area reservoir. The unique concept of an
observation wellbore in a horizontal producer has proven cost effective and it has great potential in reducing capital investment
exposures as opposed to drilling stand alone dedicated observation wells. The careful selection of fit-for-purpose completion
technique to meet both the saturation surveillance and operational requirements is the key success in this project. Moreover, a
step by step implementation during the learning curve and team working in the execution phase are also recognized as a
critical enabler. The interpretation results from the first time-lapse saturation logs showed one of the potential values of having
this saturation surveillance wellbore to identify swept zones.

Acknowledgments

We thank the Saudi Arabian Ministry of Petroleum, Kuwait Ministry of Oil, and the management of Saudi Arabian Chevron,
Kuwait Gulf Oil Company for kindly support and permission to present this paper. We also appreciate the inputs from our
colleagues at the Fields Development Group (Wafra) in Kuwait.

References:

1. D. W. Davis, and H. H. Habib: “Start-up of Peripheral Water Injection”, paper SPE 53208 presented at the 1999 SPE Middle East Oil
Show, Bahrain; February 20-23.
2. A. Chawathé, J. Dolan, R. Cullen, J. Weston, O. El-Gendi, S. Razzak: “Innovative Enhancement of an Existing Peripheral Waterflood
in a Large Carbonate Reservoir in the Middle East”, paper SPE 102419 presented at 2006 SPE Annual Technical Conference and
Exhibition, San Antonio, U.S.A.; September 24-27.
3. E. De La Pena et al: Internal communication on Wafra Ratawi Asset Development Plan.

Nomenclature

CTU = Coiled Tubing Unit

ESP = Electrical Submersible Pump
HST = Horizontal Sidetrack
KGOC = Kuwait Gulf Oil Company
PNC = Pulse Neutron Capture
PNZ = Partitioned Neutral Zone
RBP = Retrievable Bridge Pluge
SAC = Saudi Arabian Chevron
TAML = Technology Advanchement Multi-Lateral
TVDss = True Vertical Depth Subsea
UBHO = Universal Bottom Hole Orientation
WEP = Water Enhancement Project
WSO = Water Shut-Off
8 SPE 127816

1 2 3

• Prepare wellbore • Run in orientation • Run in orientation

with Gauge Run packer on wireline or assembly
drill pipe • Engage stinger
• Set orientation packer into orientation
with wireline setting or slot in packer
hydraulically set on drill • Determine slot
pipe orientation using
• Pull out running tool gyro
• Pull out oreintation
assembly

4 5 6 7
• Run in with one • Run in drilling • Run in with • Run in with
trip whipstock BHA Retrieval re-entry
assembly on Hook deflector to
• Drill lateral auto-orient
stinger oriented
• Engage on stinger
with whipstock • Pull out
whipstock
face to desired
slot
azimuth
• Pull out
• Mill window
whipstock on
• Mill rathole and stinger
pull out

Figure-4: The sequence of installation of fullbore permanent oriented packer during horizontal sidetrack
SPE 127816 9

Well completion Diagram Well completion Diagram

Cased-Hole Monitoring Well (HST) Cased-Hole Monitoring Well (HST)

Normal Production Wireline Saturation Logging

20" Casing 20" Casing

13-3/8" Casing 13-3/8" Casing

9-5/8" Casing 9-5/8" Casing

Ratawi Shale Ratawi Shale

Ratawi Limestone Retrievable Whipstock Ratawi Limestone

Permanent Packer Permanent Packer

Ratawi Oolite Pay Ratawi Oolite Pay

7" Casing 6-1/8" Open Hole Wireline Logging 7" Casing 6-1/8" Open Hole

500' Lateral Section: ~1000' 500' Lateral Section: ~1000'

Cement Cement
Squeezed Perfs Squeezed Perfs

Basal Barrier Basal Barrier

Rathole Rathole

PBTD PBTD
5" Liner 5" Liner
TD: ~7000' TD: ~7000'

Figure-5: Well completion diagram of the first Wafra Ratawi well equipped with surveillance wellbore

NORMGR DEPTH NORMIND SIGM08_1 BSAL08_1 NORMPOR NORMSW

0 GAPI 100 FT 1 OHM.M 1000 40 CU 0 250 PPK 0 0.3 V/V 0 1 V/V 0
PERFS SIGM08_2 BSAL08_2 TPHI08_1 SWSIG08A
5 0 40 CU 0 250 PPK 0 0.3 V/V 0 1 V/V 0
PBTD SIGM09_1 BSAL09_1 TPHI08_2 SWSIG08B
5 0 40 CU 0 250 PPK 0 0.3 V/V 0 1 V/V 0
TPHI09_1 SWSIG09A
PERFS
0 0.3 V/V 0 1 V/V 0

6800

Figure-6: Saturation logs interpretation results on the first Wafra Ratawi well equipped with surveillance wellbore