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3
~~ ~~
CHAPTER
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INTRODUCTION
NEED FOR INTEGERS
Observe the number line drawn below.

0 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

On the number line, O (zero) is the starting point (called the origin) and all the natu ral nunx _'
are to the right of O.

. Are , ~ -
{ there numbers ) · ' "--(,
to the left of zero? /

Now let us consider some situations.

Situation 1: See! ·mes-~ a ts have pounced on a piece of cake that was on the pt _

The white cat is enjoying its

share at a distance of 2 metres The black cat is enjoying it s
\
\.:1. ·_ \ to the left of the plate. shore at a dist ance of 3 metres
to the r ight of the pla te.__ ~
/ -~ )
y ~
C~ 1~,~--- -2--m--"eaJJ - --3-m---• ~'¾.V .
. . ;--.. _. ·' --
... , f · , . ~,
-~ ~~ ....,i_
. .. J

> ~

Let us tak e th e plate as tho sta rtm q point 0. W o have two numbe rs on t~'.
opposite sides of o.

r·
L 3 m to the right of o and 2 m to the left of o. j
 me purcha ses .
Situati on 2: See! Rohan and Sohan are going to a shop to ma k e so

Rohan climbs up
16 steps to the
first floor to
buy jeans.
, , ••. .J
.,J

,- ,·. r•J
~-_j

Sohan climbs down

9 steps to the
basem ent to
purcha se a perfum e.

Now, let us take the ground level as origin 0. Here. we have 2 numbe rs on the oppo
sides of O.

~ steps above O and 9 steps below 0. _I

-- .. - -- -- - --
To distinguish numbe rs on the opposit e sides of zero. that is right and left or above
and below. we use opposit e signs. i.e. positive (+) and negativ e (-) .
--- -~----- - --

Positive ( +) mean s Nega tiv e (- ) means -· or

-
r1C',c 1 1I1 1''"' , ,,
'Cri ..,.,) "-

to the right of or t' o th e I(' ft n f or

::r)ovrj the origin. !H:l<iw th e origin .
t 01· pr,s!l1 vc-
o ~ - - ---
'-
 In the above two situations ,
+3
3 m to the right oi O is rt 1resented as
-2
2 m to the left of O is represe nted as
+ 16
climbing up 16 steps is repres ented as
climbing down 9 steps is represented as -9

Similarly ,
A profit of < 200 is + 200

8°C below the freezing point is -8

Depositing < 500 in a bank is + 500
Numbers with positive (+) sign are called positive numb ers.
" Numbers with negative (-) sign are called negative numb ers.

~1
,_
(:} '
-
i..X
Remem ber
-~ Prnitive numbers, negative numbers along with zero are called hlloe\ll!!S. ' '

1
Positive numbe:rs
1, 2, 3, 4, ..... are called 2.
positive intege rs. 3
- ~ - - -- ---- . -------✓
4
Zero is neithe r
5
negative nor
-6 positiv e.
-5 -1

I • • I "'--/
Negat ive numbe rs
-4 -3 -2 -1 -2 -3 -4
I I I are
I · · · ··

called negative integers.

Negative integers - 1, - 2, - 3 , .... ·

.. are read as minus one 1 • .
minus two, minus three • o -
._..tc.
OPPOSITES
• Opposite of the PROFIT of ~ 20 is LOSS of ~ 20 .
• Opposite of 50c ABOVE freezing . .
point IS 5cc BELOW .. .
• Opposite of - 3 is +
3
_ freezin g point
 tndt~ftlff, th~ fo UowtHt} h y lr•,11,n .-,h1Q«Ht$
\ ,l ) ~ . ut Ht-\~J ~ !l\ 11 ~

ll\\ l ( l '.•', ,,f t i1()

l' I ( hrnb u 1q llfl lt) :,iq,•,

l\l) W1thdt, 1,w. ,i Pf t !~l H) rrn,n i1 t,, 11 11\

{t) ,, hn, h Wvdtd :, 11,i ,11 1

u1) t u,• c brtlt1w tt' tn

(fl) An 11w1,,..1 ~i t ' pf : 1 !, ,n. ,II, :·,

2. Write the oppos ites of-

(,l ) l)c'p~)!~ ltlll~J ~ 1.000 ti) I\ l),\ ll~ 1\ Cl :Clllll l

(d)

(O) 'lwo ~tops lo t1 10 loft of 1nr t> n1 1 ;1 1H111\I H•1 l11H 1

(f) Lns1n~1 wo1nl1t nt I kf1 .

3. Encircle the n~~__i_nte_ge,s from the following numbers.
- 59, o. 0. 1. .1 ,1 ~) . G2 . 10 7

~P RlStNl ATION O f INT EGERS O N A NUMBER LIN E

We know thnt nega tive integor s .11 0 uppos tt u ol \Hl :•.ilIvo 1I,I ngers So let u:, mark th o nega1
integers on tt1e left of 1t) r o 011 11,c nurnt1or l11 ,c

Scr. 1 tlow rn.n'nbtr

line is c- xt·r ndcd to
the l(~f 1. ,1 J () ')
I . J 4

~
\ • ihe opposit o integi>rs (0.g. - 2 n11d + <1 ) are aI the ,-;.:imo d1s1ance from zero.

I~ l'he distanco botwo~ n ro1·1~,ccl 1t1vr~ 1ntP~JOr~; 1:_; s.-11nc 0v( ~rywhr1 r0
 -
Org

I~
,.. v

OR0E.RlNG O f JNTEGE RS

6 tS to the.
n ght of 3.
· - - --
0
- - ·-
'
- -..i o - - - • • -
'
• · - - -- - -
6
8 the
lS t o
r19h1 of 2

., RenfC)n,bc,

A numb ef t 0 tm: nQht of o o,ven numb er i1 orcot er than the given numb
er. I
I i-
,.,
Now. let us compare - ' and - 3.

T ~
- -•
- 3 -2 - 1 0 i

- 2 ts to the
right of - 3

So. - 2 is greate r th an _ 3
or -2 G _ 3
 '
S-· . gr,•atfht tht,.n 1 •s to the r,ght of - 5
.. > 5

i
[

cnnno: i ,,o o~o gretJtcst pos,trve in1oger or the smallest nega tive integer. /
·-- - - ·-· -·. ___ _j

SOLU E VALUE OF tNTEGERS

0 3 4

· Son\; ilnd Monu are slanding a ! a potnt ;,.e ro (0) . After t\•.Jo minutes. see their position.

Sonu walks to the left Monu walks to the right

of O and reoche.s - 3 of O and reaches + 3

<.~~ Monu
~

11
-2 2 4
- 1 0 1

H . . ·nto account the

_ere the distance walked by both of them is same (3 units) without ta~in3g ,
direction (· · ) . ·f 3 and - 3 15 ·
· sign · So . we can say that the absolute value 0
 Let us find the abs o ·1u te va
- tu e of som e__
inte ger
_ s. __ _ __ _ __ . -
--- ----;teger -· Absolute Value
+ 1 1
The absolute
value. of an 1 The abs olutl . :
- 1
inte ger is 7---- ---· - -- - - valu e of any ..
gre ete r than
· · - .. ---_ - _!. __ _ non -ze• ro inteOo,
- - ---- -- 21 •
,s pos itive. .,,
or equal to the _____ __ l .2________ --
integer. o 0

e 1s two vert1ca rme 5 ( 11) , one on eith er sid e of

The sym bol use d to write absolute valu • • 1 '
the inte ·.
~~;(
Thu s , the absolute value of - 7 is writ
ten as I - 7 I = 7 l
t

1. Do as directed.

l
(a) Mark any point as origin on the given num
ber line.
(b) Write integers on either side of the orig \·
in with pro per sig ns.

~ ~ '
I
2. Encircle the number which is to the
right of the oth er on num ber line
of the following pairs. in eact,
(a) 3, - 1
(b) 0, - 8
(c) - 6, - 4
(d) 14, - 7
(e) - 9, - 8 - ---~ .--- ~
(f) 4, 7
!

\·
3. Write all the integers bet we en- ri
t
(a)
(c)
- 5 and O
- 11 and 1
(b) _ 4 and
3 i
4.
(d) - 6 and - 1 ~r,
Compare the numbers and insert an
space. . '
.app rop nat e sym bol (>, <, =) in the
give\
. ------
I,
(a) 3 ',...... __ -3
/
I

(b) - 1 (. ..../\) 0 t
- 101
, -'
(c) (
'-..._.,/
- 104 ✓- ,

(d) - 82 (__ ) - 28
,,..--,,
(e) - 4 ( ': - 14

(g) -
, , ___,I

--
97 (. _,i -
/
(f) 16 r-- ~.. . .,,, I
' - 16
'------
98
,
~-,
(h) - 197 (_ 'l - 96
__ ./
(i) Q I,, I - 7
-- /

~-~
~,.

,:;,·;.
~
,l

--
'·

...,,,...,___
(j) - 1 (',_ -·· j
\
I 1
5. Fm tn ttt:e tono wmg tabJe with the abso h.tte values.

Integ er Abso lute vaJue

17
- 18
0
- 43
21
105 I
- 61
1283 _ _J
'6. Write the follo wing in asce nding order.

(a) 4, - 5. 16. - 11. - 2 1, SO

(b} 0, - L 7. - 16, - 12, - 30 .

7. Write the follo wing in desc endin g orde r.

{a) - 171 . 26 . - 43 . 103 , - 105 , 77

(b) 9. - 8, 0. - 75, - 79, 93

8. Write ·True ' or ·False· for the following statements.

(a) Every 1 n t ~r--positive or negative.

l--- -_:=J
(b) Zero is greater than every negative integer. L______J
(c) An integer to the lef1 of another integer is always smaller. l I
(d) We can find the smallest integer. I I
Absolute value of a given integer is always greater than
(e)
the integer.
L I
(f) All natural numbers are positive integers.
[ I

(g)

(h)
All whole numbers are integers.

Absolute value of 3 is - 3.
'~-
- -~
,-
L--
I