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m3 (x3,y3) m4 (x4,y4)
mi (xi,yi)
m5 (x5,y5)
m1 (x1,y1)
v v v v
ry v r = r12 = r2 − r1
r1
m2 (x2,y2)
v
r2
X
x r
v
r1 = x1 xˆ + y1 yˆ
v
r2 = x2 xˆ + y2 yˆ
v v v
r = r2 − r1 = (x2 − x1 )xˆ + ( y2 − y1 ) yˆ
rx = (x2 − x1 )
ry = ( y2 − y1 )
v
r = rx xˆ + ry yˆ
r = rx2 + ry2
v Gm1 m2
F12 = 2
rˆ
r ,
v
r
rˆ = , is a unit vector
r
v Gm1 m2 v
F12 = 3
r
r
v Gm1 m2
F12 = 3
(rx xˆ + ry yˆ )
r
v Gm1 m2 Gm1 m2
F12 = r xˆ + r yˆ
r3 x
r3 y
v Gm1 m2 Gm m
xˆ + 1 2
yˆ
F12 = r r
r 2 + r 2 32 x r 2 + r 2 32 y
( ) ( )
x y x y
rp = r =3
(r x
2
+r 2
y ) = (r
3
x
2 2
+r
y )
3
2
co = Gm1 m2
v co co
F12 = rx xˆ + ry yˆ
r r
p p
Components of vector;
co co
Fx12 = rx , Fy12 = ry
r r
p p
v
Magnitude of F12 ;
F12 = (F ) + (F )
x12
2
y12
2
Direction;
−1
Fy12
θ = tan
Fx12
v n v
F1net = ∑ F1i
i =2
n n
Fx1net = ∑ Fx1i Fy1net = ∑ Fy1i
,
i =2 i =2
Y
m3 (0.2,5.5)
7.5 kg
5 m5 (4.2,4.5)
6.6 kg
4
3 m4 (5.2,2.5)
m1 (1.2,2.5)
2.5 kg 9.2 kg
2
m2 (1.5,1.5)
1 1.5 kg
X
1 2 3 4 5
Given m1 to m5 and their coordinates are as above. Calculate the gravitational force at m1 due to
m2, m3, m4 and m5.
The algorithm:
v Gm1 m2 Gm m
1 2
yˆ
F = ˆ
3 rx x + 3 ry
r2 + r2 2 r2 + r2 2
( ) ( )
x y x y
rp = r =3
(r x
2
+r2
y ) = (r
3
x
2
+ ry2 )
3
2
co = Gm1 m2
v co co
F = rx xˆ + ry yˆ
r r
p p
10. Calculate the summation of fx and fy until mj (j=2 to j=5) :
fx = fx + co (rx/rp)
fy = fy + co(ry/rp)
G = 6.67e-11;
m[1]=2.5; x[1]=1.2; y[1]=2.5;
m[2]=1.5; x[2]=1.5; y[2]=1.5;
m[3]=7.5; x[3]=0.2; y[3]=5.5;
m[4]=9.2; x[4]=5.2; y[4]=2.5;
m[5]=6.6; x[5]=4.2; y[5]=4.5;
fx = 0.0;
fy = 0.0;
for(j=2; j<=5; j++)
{
rx = x[j]-x[1];
ry = y[j]-y[1];
rp = pow((rx*rx+ry*ry),1.5); // (rx^2 + ry^2) raised to the power of 3/2
co = G*m[1]*m[j];
fx = fx + co*rx/rp;
fy = fy + co*ry/rp;
}
f = sqrt(fx*fx + fy*fy);
System.out.printf("\n\tThe force on m[1] due to the other masses is %e N\n\n",f);
}
}
Source code GravityAttract06a.java
/* Java class for calculating the resultant force on each object
(on m1 through m5)
*/
G = 6.67e-11;
m[1]=2.5; x[1]=1.2; y[1]=2.5;
m[2]=1.5; x[2]=1.5; y[2]=1.5;
m[3]=7.5; x[3]=0.2; y[3]=5.5;
m[4]=9.2; x[4]=5.2; y[4]=2.5;
m[5]=6.6; x[5]=4.2; y[5]=4.5;
G = 6.67e-11;
m[1]=2.5; x[1]=1.2; y[1]=2.5;
m[2]=1.5; x[2]=1.5; y[2]=1.5;
m[3]=7.5; x[3]=0.2; y[3]=5.5;
m[4]=9.2; x[4]=5.2; y[4]=2.5;
m[5]=6.6; x[5]=4.2; y[5]=4.5;
System.out.print("On which mass you want to calculate the resulting force ? " );
mi = TextIO.getlnInt();
fx = 0.0;
fy = 0.0;
for(j=1; j<=5; j++)
{
if (j!=mi)
{
rx = x[j]-x[mi];
ry = y[j]-y[mi];
rp = pow((rx*rx+ry*ry),1.5); // (rx^2 + ry^2) raised to the power of 3/2
co = G*m[mi]*m[j];
fx = fx + co*rx/rp;
fy = fy + co*ry/rp;
}
}
f = sqrt(fx*fx + fy*fy);
dirf = atan(fy/fx);
angdirf = (dirf/(22.0/7.0))*180;
System.out.printf("The force on m["+ mi +"] due to the other masses is %eN, %fdeg\n",f,angdirf);
}
}