CHAPTER FOUR

MULTIPLE INTEGRALS

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4.1 Double Integrals and their calculation
by iterated integrals

Definition: Let R be a bounded closed rectangle

in . Let p be partition of R which divided R in to
mn sub rectangle. Let and be the lengths of
the sides of the sub rectangle .
Let be area of and then =. Let be arbitrary point
(usually the center). Let f be a function of two
variable defined on R,

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 Contd…
Then if exists , we

say f is integrable on R and we write

Such an integral is called a double integral.

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4.1.1. Evaluation of double Integrals by iterated
integrals (Repeated integrals)
Suppose f is a function of two variables that is
integrable over the rectangle R=[a,b] X [c,d]
we use the notation to mean that x is held
fixed and f(x,y) is integrated with respect to y
from y=c to y=d. This procedure is called
partial integration with respect to y

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 is a number that depends on the value of x.
so it defines a function of x
A(x)=
=
This is called an iterated integral

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Theorem(Fubini’s theorem)
If f is integrable over the rectangle
R={(x,y) | a≤x≤b, c≤y≤d}
Then

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Example
1. Evaluate dA where R is the square contained by
the lines x=0, x=1, y=1 and y=2
Solution:


R
y 3 x 2 dA  
R
y 3 x 2 dxdy

2 1
 
1 0
y 3 x 2 dxdy

2
1 3 3 1
  y x | dy
1
3 0

2
1 3
 
1
3
y dy

1 2 5
 y4 | 
12 1 4 7
2. Find  ysinxydA, where R  [0,2]  [0,  ]
R
2 
Ans :  ysinxydA    ysinxydydx  ?
0 0
R

 2  2 
But   ysinxydxdy   (-cosxy) dy   (1 - cos2y)dy
0 0 0 0 0

1 
  - ( sin2y )   - 0  
2 0

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Double Integrals Over non-rectangular
region
Since the Partial integral dy is a function of X
alone, we may in turn integrate the resulting
function now with respect to x. if f is
continuous on a region of type I as shown
below:
We say that
b g2 ( x) b  g2 ( x) 
  f ( x, y )dydx     f x, y dy dx

a  g1 ( x )

a g1 ( x ) 
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 Contd…
Is an iterated integral of f over R
.

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Similarly if f is a continuous function over R of
type II as shown below:
d h2 ( y ) d  h2 ( y ) 
  f ( x, y )dxdy    f x, y dx dy


c  h1 ( y )

c h1 ( y ) 

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 Theorem
Let f be a continuous function on a region R
i) If R is of type I, then
b g2 ( x)

 f ( x, y)dA    f ( x, y)dydx
R a g1 ( x )
ii) If R is of type II, then

d h2 ( y )

 f ( x, y)dA    f ( x, y)dxdy
R c h1 ( y )

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Example :
1. Evaluate  (x  3y)dA
D

Where D  {(x, y) | -1  x  1, 2x 2  y  1  x 2 }
Ans :
1 1 x 2
 (x  3y)dA   
D
-1 2x 2
(x  3y)dydx

1 3
 -1 x(1  x 2 - 2x 2 ) 
2
((1  x 2 ) 2 - (2x 2 ) 2 )dx
1 3 3 4
  x  x 3 - 2x 3   3x 2  x - 4x 4 dx
-1 2 2
1 1 4 3 1 5 1 3 1
 ( x2 - x  x  x3 - x )  1- 2
2 4 2 2 -1 2 2

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2. Evaluate  xydA where D is the region bounded by
D

the line y  x - 1 and the parabola y 2  2x  6

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Sol :
y2 - 6
R  {(x, y) |  x  y  1, - 2  y  4}
2
4 y 1
 xydA   
D
-2
y 2 -6
2
xydxdy

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1 2 y 1
  x y | y 2 6 dy
2
2 2
4
1
  ( y 5  16 y 3  8 y 2  32 y )dy
8 2
 36
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 1

1

   ( x  2 y )dy dx
1 x 2

2 x2

  xy  y 
1 y 1 x 2

1
2
y 2 x2
dx
  x(1  x )  (1  x )  2 x  4 x dx
1 2 2 2 3 4
1

   3 x  x  2 x  x  1dx
1 4 3 2
1

1
 x x x x 
5 4 3

  3   2   x
 5 4 3 2  1
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
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Properties of Double Integrals
 Double integrals share many properties of
single integrals.

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 If D = D1  D2, where D1 and D2 don’t
overlap except perhaps on their
boundaries, then
 f  x, y  dA   f  x, y  dA   f  x, y  dA
D D1 D2

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Example
1. Evaluate where R is the region bounded by
the lines
Solution:

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 DOUBLE INTEGRALS IN POLAR
COORDINATE
Sometimes evaluating double integral by
usual way might be difficult. In this case
changing the rectangular coordinate
system to polar coordinates may make the
evaluation easier.
Suppose evaluating  f ( x, y)dA by usual way
R
is found to be difficult, where R is a plane
region in xy plane.
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Now by transforming from RCS to the PCs we
evaluate as follows:
Let R’ be the corresponding region inrthe
plane i.e.
R'  {( r , ) : 1     2 , h1 ( )  r  h2 ( )}

Where h1 and h2 are continuous function on

and suppose f is continuous on the polar région
R’: then
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i.  f ( x, y)dxdy   f (r cos , r sin  )rdrd 
R R'

ii. a( R' )   rdrd 

R'

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we convert from rectangular to polar
coordinates in a double integral by:

 Writing x = r cosθ and y = r sinθ

 Using the appropriate limits of
integration for r and θ
 Replacing dA by rdrdθ
Example
 (3x  4 y
2
1. Evaluate ) dA
R

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