1.

(a) Basic knowledge

2. (a) Basic knowledge  By Kepler’s III law, areal velocity of the planet around the Sun is conserved.

3. (a) Time period of satellite T = 2

R  h3
GM
clearly, the time period is independent of the mass of the satellite.

4. (d) T  r3/2
3/2
r 
 T2 = T1 2 
 r1 
3/2
 2.5R  R 
= 24 
 6R  R 
= 6 2 h

3
2
r 
5. (a) T2 = T1  2 
 r1 
3
2
R
 
= 365   2 
R
 
 
365  1
= = 129 days
2 2

6. (c) T2  r3,
Let T1 be the initial time period
T2 the new time period
r1 is the initial separation
r2 the final separation
T2 2 r2 3

T12 r13
T2 2

4r1 3
T12 r13
T22 = 64  25
 T2 = 40 h

Aliter
3/2
T2  r2 
   43 / 2  8
T1  r1 
T2 = 5  8 = 40 h

3
T'  R'  2 3
7. (a)     4 2 = 8
T R
 mm
8. (c) F 
2 r 2
 4 3  4 3 
 r   r  
   3 
3
4r 2
r6
  r4
r2

m v2 GMm
9. (a) =
R R5
GM
v2 =
R4
GM
v=
R2
2R R2
T=   2R
v GM
T  R3

10. (a) Mass of inner solid sphere of radius x

M 4
M’ =  x 3
4 3
R3
3
Mx 3
=
R3
GM' GMx 3 1
g’ =
2
 
x R3 x2
GMx
=
R3
1 GMx
F = mg’ =
R3

Gm1m0 Gm2m0
11. (b) 
x2 r  x 2
m1 m2

x2 r  x 2
1 4

x2 18  x 2
1 2

x 18  x
18  x = 2x
18 = 3x
x = 6 cm
r = 18 m
1 kg 4 kg
m0
m1 F1 F2 m2

x (r  x)
 Aliter
r 18 18
x=   = 6 cm
m2 4 3
1 1
m1 1

12. (a) Mass of full sphere = M(say)

Let  be the density of sphere . Mass of the removed sphere
 
 
 M M'  1
M’ =    M
4 3
 R 3 4 R  8
3  
 3  2  
GMm
F1 =
4R2
F2 = F1 – Force due to removed mass
M
G m
GMm
=  8
4R2  3R 2
 
 2 
GMm  1 4 
=   
R2  4 9  8 
7 GMm
F2 =
36 R2
7 GMm
= 
9 4R 2
7
=  F1
9
F1 9

F2 7

13. (d) Due to symmetry the forces due to elementary masses situated on the diametrically opposite points will be
zero. So the net force is zero.

Gmm mv2
14. (b) 
r 2 r
 
2
Gm
v=
2r
r  r
2   2
T=  2
= 2
v Gm
2r
r 2r
= 2  
 
2 Gm

2 r 3 1
= 
2 Gm
 r3
= 2
2Gm

r3
T = 2
2Gm

15. (a) r
M F M

F
F1
r r

M r M
2
GM
F=
r2
GM2 GM2

 2r 
F1 = 2
2r 2

Fnet = 2F cos45 + F1
2GM2 1 GM2
= . 
r2 2 2r 2
2GM2 GM2 GM2  1
= 2
 2
  2  2
r 2r r2  

2 2  1
2
GM
=
2r 2

16. (a) The particles always remain diametrically opposite so that the force on each particle will be directed along
the radius. Considering circular motion
mv2 Gm.m Gm
 v
r 2r 2 4r

17. (c) 3m
4m
D C

F1 F2

m 2 m
A B

F1 
G
2
4m 2
 2m2   4Gm 2
a2
 a 
 
 2
 
 F2 
G
2
3m 2
 m2  4Gm 2
a2
 a 
 
 2
 
4 2Gm 2
F  F12  F2 2 
a2

18. (c) 10 m
16 x 4
1 kg

G  16  1 G  4 1

x 2
10  x 2
x = 6.67 m
Aliter
d m1 10  16 40
x=  
m1  m 2 16  4 4  2
= 6.67 m

19. (b) Assume M moves a distance r1 and 5M moves a distance r2, before collision CM remains stationary.
 Mr1 = 5Mr2 ----(1)

r1 + r2 = 9R ----(2)
5M
M
2R
R 9R

Solving (1) and (2)

r1 = 7.5 R

20. (c)  = constant

2 2
MR 2. = constant
5 T
R2
= constant
T
2
R
2  
 
R 3
24 T
24
T= = 2.67 h
9
T = 24  2.67 = 21.33 h
Aliter
T
T2 = 21
n
24
T2 =
9
= 2.67 h
 T = 24  267
= 21.33 h
21. (a) 5m 5m
100 kg 100 kg
10 m

G  100  100 100  V 2


10  10 5
V2  5 G  V  5 G

Gm G 1
22. (a) v   G ms1
a 1
23. (a) The velocity is maximum when the distance from the sun is least.

3
2
24.(a) T R
3
T1  R1  2
 
T2  R2 
2
 T1  3 R1
  
T 
 2 R2
2
 1  3 1 R1
   
8 4 R2
R2 = 4R1
x=4

25. (a) T2  r3
T12  r13
T22  r23
T12 r13
  T12r23 = T22r13
T22 r23

2 3
 T1  R 
26. (b)    1
T  R 
 2  2
3
162 R 
2
  1 
64  R2 
1

 16 
R2 3

R1
1
3
R2 = 16 R1

27. (b) T2  r3
T  r3/2
3/2
r
T’   
3
 3/2
 1 T
T’ = T  
3 3 3

2
28. (a) =
T
By Kepler’s law, T2  R3


TA 2

R 3
TB 2
3R 3
TA

R 3 / 2
TB 3R 3 / 2
TA 1

TB 9   31/ 2
TA 1 
  B
TB 3 3 A
 1
i.e. B 
 3 3

B 
3 3

29. (d) T  r3

T1 r13 r3 1 1
 3
 3 3
 
T2 r2 5 r 53 5 5

T2 = 5 5T1  5 5  4  20 5 h

mv2 GMm
30. (a) The centripetal force 
R Rn
GM
v=
Rn 1

2R Rn1 Rn1

T=  2R = 2
v GM GM
n1
T R 2
1 1
n=  n 1
T
R 2

1
31. (d) If gravitational force is proportional to , then time period is proportional to
Rn
 n 1 
 
T R 2  .

32. (d) M

r F r
O

F F
M r M
 The forces vector ally cancel one another at O when resolved in the horizontal and vertical direction.
 Fnet = 0

G5  m G20  m
33. (d) =
x2 10  x 2
1 4
x2

(10  x)  2

1 2
  10  x  2x
x 10  x
10
 3 x  10  x   3.33m
3
10 m

m 20 kg
5 kg
xm (10 –x) m

Aliter

d
x
m2
1
m1
10 10
   3.33m
20 3
1
5

34. (b) The mass experiences zero net force. The magnitude of the force experienced by the mass due to one of
GMm
the masses M at a distance r is .
r2
The mass is at unstable equilibrium along the line joining the other two masses therefore option (b) is
correct.
GM' G.2Me GMe
35. (b) gP = 2  2
 = 9.8 m s2
R  2R  Re 2
e
 

2
M 2
36. (a) g’ = G  
5 R
4
= g
5
4
Weight = mg’ = 1.5   10 = 12 N
5

GM
37. (b) g =
R2
 4
GR3
3 4
=  GR
R2 3
 g  R
g
R

R1 g1 2
 .
R2 g2 1

g
38. (a) g’ =
2
 h
1  
 R
h=R
g
g’ =
4
Hence the weight of the man becomes one fourth that on earth.

4 3
G r 
GM 3 4
39. (a) g    Gr.
r2 r 2 3

G' M ' m
40. (b) When the gravitation force of attraction between the sun and the man is taken, Fs' 
r2
M m GMm
 Fs'  5 G    2  Fs (no change)
5 r2 r
When the gravitational force of attraction of between earth and the man standing on the surface of earth is
considered.
G' Mm GMm
F'  2
5  5 mg
R R2
The weight of the man is increased 5 times
 g is increased 5 times and so the rain drops fall much faster than before.
1
also as T  , T will be decreased
g

GM
41. (c) g’ =  4g
R / 22
W’ = 4 W

GM1 gR2.R13 gR2.R13 R1

42. (d) g'    g
R12 MR 12 R3.R12 R

g  g1 R1 R  R1
  100  (1  )  100   100
g R R
6400  600 400
( )  100   100  6.25%
6400 6400

Aliter
4 g R
g = GR ,  100   100
3 g R
400
=  100  6.25%
6400
43. (c) Acceleration due to gravity
4
G x 3 
GM 3 4
=  = Gx
x2 x2 3

44. (b) On the surface of earth,

GMm
weight (W) = mg =
R2
 At height h
GMm 1 GMm
W’ = mg’ = 
R  h2 9 R2
R + h = 3R
h= 2R

g
45. (a) g' 
2
 h
1  
 R 
2
g  h 80
 1   
g'  R 40
2
 h
1    2
 R 
 h
1    2
 R 
h
R

 2 1 
h  2  1R
Aliter
If gh =
g
n

, h = n 1 R 
g
Here gh = (i.e. n = 2)
2
h=  2  1 R

46. (c) On the surface of earth g is maximum.

g  r from the centre 0 to the surface of earth, till distance R-radius of earth. And
1
g  2 from the surface of the earth outwards.
r

 d
47. (c) g’ = g  1  
 R 
 640 
mg’ = mg 1  
 6400 
mg  mg' d 1
 
mg R 10
% decrease in weight
 mg  mg' 1
=  100   100
mg 10
= 10%

48. (d) Let g’ be the acceleration due to gravity at the depth d.

mg
Given, weight at depth = mg’ =
4
 d
g’ = g1  
 R
g  d
  g1  
4  R 
d 1
 1
R 4
3
d= R
4

 d g d 1
49. (c) g’ = g1     
 R g R 6400
 T 1 g
T = 2  
g T 2 g
1 1
=  
2 6400
1
= 
12800
86400
T = 
12800
= 6.75 s


50. (b) T = 2
g
T g

T 2g
As we go from the equator to pole g increases and hence T decreases.
g 1 0 .5
T = T=   2 = 0.005 s
2g 2 100
T’ = 2 – 0.005 = 1.995 s
51. (a) ge = g – R2
3
R 2 = g – ge = g – g
4
1
= g
4
g
=
4R
52. (c) mP = 2m e
rP = 2re

T1 = 2
ge


T2 = 2
gP
T12 gP GmP r 2
2
  2
 e
T2 ge rP Gme

2me re2 1
=  
me 4re2 2

T2 = 2T1  2 2 s

4
53. (a) m = R3
3
R3 = a constant
1 1
R3  or R  1

3
4
g= G R
3

or g 
1
3
2
g  3

 
2
 The required factor = 109 3  106

54. (d) Mp = 2M
4 4
RP3
  2  R3
3 3
3
RP  2R3
1
RP = 2 3 R
GMP G  2M
gP = 2
= 2
RP  1 
2 3 R 
 
 
1
g = 3
2 g
 1 1
mg = 2 3 mg  2 3 W

1
55. (b) If r > R, g  g decreases with increase in r
r2
If r < R, g  r g increases with increase in r
At the centre r = 0  g = 0
g at the surface of earth is maximum and so answer is option (b).

1
56. (c) g
r2
gh R2 1
 
gs 2R  R 2 9
mg W
W’ = mg’ = 
9 9

g
57. (c) gh = 2
 h
1  
 R
g g
=
2

 R 4
1  
 R

 2H 
58. (b) g’height = g 1 
 R 
 D
g’depth = g 1  
 R
g’h = g’d
 2H   D
g1   g1  
 R   R
2H D

R R
D = 2H

59. (d) Here d=2h

 d = 2  2 = 4 km

 d  1 W
60. (b) W’ = W 1    W 1   
 R  2 2

61. (c) ginside  r

 graph is (c)
62. (b) g has minimum value at the equator. So body has least weight at the equator

63. (b) The effective acceleration due to gravity due to rotation of earth is
 R2 cos2  
g’ = g 1   = g  R2
 g 
 
 at the equator  = 0
 g’ < g
Therefore as  increases the weight of body decreases
64. (a) Gravitational field strength
GM
E  g  9.8 ms 2  9.8 N kg1
R2

65. (d) At the centre O as shown in the figure the gravitation fields cancel to zero.

m 2m

E
E1
o
E E1
2m m

F 45
66. (a) E =   225 N / kg
M 15

67. (c) P
9m 1
A B4
m
9m m

2
AP 4BP 2
3 1

AP 2BP
AP
6
BP

68. (a) Basic knowledge

69. (d) 4
3 R 3 = M

m= 4
3 R 23   M
8
GM
ER = 3 .X (without cutting)
R
  
ER  Eremaining  Esmall sphere

Esmall sphere = 0 at the centre of the cavity.
GM. R
Eremaining  ER  2  GM
R3 2R2
70. (b) dm
r
a
E1

A
b
E2
dm
 If we consider fields E1 & E2 due to small, diametrically opposite elements dm each,
|E1| = |E2| and E1 cos  components add up while E1 sin  components cancel.
Gdm
Total field E =
r2

cos 

Gdm b Gb

 
GMb GMb
E= 2
a  b 2
.
2
a  b 2

2
a  b 2
3
2
dm  E 
 2
b a 2 3/2


(b2  a2 )3

71. (a) When point is outside the sphere, i.e. d > r

GM
gravitational field = E =
d2
E1 GM GM d22
  2 
E2 d1 d22 d12
When point is inside the sphere, (d < r)
4 
G d3 
Gravitational field =  3   4 Gd
d2 3
F1 d
  1
F2 d2

72. (b) Gravitational potential = Work per unit mass

ML2T 2
= = L2T2
M

GM GM
73. (a) V = , g
Rh R  h2
V
 R  h  h 
V
R
g g
5.4  107
=  6.4  106
6
= 9  106  6.4  106 = 2.6  106 m
= 2600 km

74. (d) V = GM  1  1

r1 r2 
 ...  2
( placed on either side of origin)
M = 1 kg

V = G 13  16  112 .....  2 
=
G
3
1  12  14  ......  2
G 1
= 2
3  1
1  
 2
 2G 4G
=  2=
3 3
4G
Here at origin V0 = 2V =
3

75. (b) For the whole sphere, the potential at the centre of the gravity is,

2r r
o
 GM 11 Gm
V (3(2r )2  r 2 )  
2(2r )3 16 r
For the removed sphere the potential at it s centre O is
3 Gm ' 3 Gm
Vr   
2 r 16 r
m
(where m’ = from the given data).
8
 After removing potential at O is,
11 Gm  3 Gm 
VO = V  Vr =  
16 r  16 r 
Gm
 VO =
2r

dV
76. (c) E 
dr
dV
Ex 
dx
d
= (10x  10y )
dx
dV
and Ey 
dy
d
= (10x  10y )
dy
Ex  10 Nkg1 Ey  10 Nkg1
  
E  Ex  Ey  10î  10 ĵ
 10( î  ĵ ) N kg1

77. (a) V  (2  1 1)  (3  1 1)  5  12  4 J kg1

78. (d) V  2xy  3zx  5y 2

dV
Ex   (2y  3z )
dx
 2y  3z  ( 2  1)  (3  1)  1 N kg1
G 2 G 2
G 2
79. (a) E =  +  -------------
12 22 42
 1 1 
E = 2G  1       
 4 16 
1
= 2G
1
1
4
8G
=
3
 F
80. (a) E 
m
M1 L1 T 2

M1
[M L T 2]
1

81. (c)

Gm1  Gm 2 
82. (a) V = –    
r1  r2 
m m 
= –G  1  2 
 r1 r2 

83. (a) M
R
P
O
M R
2

Mass of shell = M
mass of particle = M
GM
Gravitational potential at P due to the particle at P is V1 = –
R
2
Gravitational potential due to the shell
GM
= V2 = –
R
Total potential = V1 + V2
GM  GM 
=–   
R  R 
2
3GM
=–
R

84. (a) Potential at infinity = 0

But in the problem it is imagined to be + 20J kg1.
i.e., potential has increased by + 20 J kg1. Hence potential at every where should be increased by 20 J kg 
1
.
Hence potential at A = –10 + 20 = 10 J kg1

1 1 1 
85. (d) V = GM    ........ 
r r r
1 2 3 
1 1 1 1 
= GM    .......  = G  2  2 = 4G
1 2 4 8 
a 1
Sum of GP =  2
1 r 1
1
2

GM
86. (a) Potential at earths surface Vs = –
R
 Potential at the centre
3 Gm 3
Vc = –  Vs
2 R 2
Vc 3

Vs 2

87. (d) Gravitational potential on earth’s surface

GM
= 
R
Gravitational potential at infinity = 0
 GM  GM GM
Work to be done = 0     , this is work per unit mass = .R = gR
 R  R R2

U J ML2T 2
88. (b) V =   = L2T2
m kg M

 GM  6.67  1011  10
89. (a) V  
R 1
 6.67  1010 J kg1

 dV
90. (b) E =
dx
E = 0  V  constant

91. (c) V = E  d = 6  8  106 = 48  106

= 4.8  107 V
92. (a) W = gravitation PE, U
GMm
U=
R
 6.67  1011  200  20  103
=
20  102
= -13.34  10-10 J
W = 13.34  10-10 J = 1.33  10—9 J

Gm 2
93. (b) U = –
r
G  2m  3m
U’ = –
2r
 Gm 
= 3   = 3U
 r 

94. (d)
5m
3m 2kg
4m

Case 
7m
3m
2kg
2 10 m
 G  10  2
PE = U1 = –
5
=–4G
G  10  2
U2 = –
7
20
=  G
7
20
W=– G  4G
7
8
= G joule
7

GMm
95. (b) P.E on the surface of earth =
R
GMm
PE at a distance 2R from the centre of earth =
2R
Gain in PE
GMm  GMm 
=  
2R  R 
GMm gR2m mgR
=  
2R 2R 2

Aliter
 R  mgR
v = mgh 
Rh 2

GM GM
96. (d) VQ  , VP  
2 2 1/ 2
(a  a ) a

1 GM m  1 
 mv 2  1
2 a  2 
GM
v  0.6
a

97. (c) In the first case

GMm GMm
Ui  ; Uf1  
R R  z
1 1 
U1  GMm   
 R R  z
GMmz GMmz
= 
RR  z  R2
(R + z  R)
 GM 
= mgz  2  g 
 R 
In the second case
GMm
Uf2  
2R
 1 1  GMm  1
U2 = GMm     R 1  2 
 R 2R   
GMm
=
2R
GM mR mgR
= 
R2 2 2
mgR
Work done are mgz and respectively
2

98. (b) U  4 
 Gm 2
a 2
2
Gm 2
2a

a

 Gm 2
4 2 

99. (c) Gravitational potential on the surface

GM
=
R
3  GMm  GMm 1
Let m be the mass v be velocity, then U    = mv2
2 R  R 2
1 GMm 1
 mv2
2 R 2
GM
  v2
R
GM
g=
R2
GM = gR2
gR2
Hence v2 = = gR
R
v= gR

100 (c) T=
2r 
v
GM
v= where M is the mass of the earth. It means T is independent of mass of the satellite but depends
r
upon the radius of the orbital path.
TQ
 =1:1
TP

101. (a) Radius of satellites orbit = R + h

= 6400 + 3400 = 9800 km
= 9.8  106 m
g
v= R
Rh
9 .8
= 6.4  106
9.8  106
= 6.4  10 m s–1
3

GM
102. (b) Orbital velocity, v =
r
Velocity does not depend on the mass of the satellite.
 GM
v1 =
r
GM
=
3R
GM
v2 =
4R
 v1 > v2

103. (a) Orbital velocity of the satellite,

GM
v=
r
vB r 9R
  A  =3
vA rB R
 vB = 2v  3 = 6v

104. (a) ve = 2 vo
ve 4
vo = 
2 2
=2 2 km s-1
105. (d)

v=0
R P

GM
v2 = Let v’ be the velocity r – radius of
r
orbit. By the law of conservation of energy
1 GMm GMm
mv2 '  
2 r R
2GM 2GM
v’2 =  = ve2 – 2v2
R r

v’= v e 2  2v 2

1 GMm GM
106. (c) mve 2   2 mR
2 R R
= mgR
GMm
107. (b) PE(V) = 
r
1 1 GM 1 GMm
KE(K) = mv2  m 
2 2 r 2 r
GMm 1 GMm
Total energy E =  
r 2 r
1 GMm

2 r
Ratio E : K : V = 1 : 1 : 2
 GMm
108. (d) E =
2r
m
E
r
E 3 4
  = 12
E 1 1
E : E = 12 : 1

GMm
109. (b)  The total mechanical energy is The expression is not simple harmonic. Whether it is circular or
2r
elliptical orbit the total mechanical energy is constant
 Angular momentum is constant in both magnitude and direction
 Linear momentum is not a constant as in an elliptical orbit tangential velocity changes
 The only force acting on the satellite is the gravitational force of earth and so the acceleration is always
towards the centre of earth

110. (b) mvPrP = mvRrR

given rP > rQ > rR, then vP < vR
 vQ is in between vP and vR
so vP < vQ < vR
 EP < EQ < ER
111. (a) Zero due to weightlessness in satellite orbit.

112. (a) The objects move towards each other due to their mutual gravitational force of attraction.
113. (c) G.P.E on earth surface
GMm
Us = 
R
GPE at altitude 2R
GMm GMm
Uh =  
R  2R 3R
Energy to be spent = Uh  Us
GMm  GMm 
=    
3R  R 
2 GMm 2 GM 2
=  .Rm  mgR
3 R 3 R2 3

Aliter
 h   2R  2
U = mgR  = mgR   mgR
 R  h   3R  3

114. (d) Acceleration due to gravity is g = Rate of change of gravitational potential

10 1
= 
100 10
Work done = mgh
1
= 15   40 = 60 J
10

GMm mv2
115. (d) 
R  h2 Rh
GM
v2 =
Rh
 1
 GM  2
v=  
R h
1
 gR2  2
=  
R h
 
GM
116. (c) v =
r
1
1
 1
r 2
2
r
1
Hence m = –
2

117. (b) Orbital velocity

GM
v=
r
1
v
r
1
v1 
R
1 1
v2  
4R 2 R
v2 < v1  v1 > v2

GM
118. (a) v0 =
R
GM
 satellite  2v = --- (1)
4R
GM
 satellite  [4v] = --- (2)
R '
2v GM R'
 
4v 4R GM
1 R'
 
2 4R
1
 R’ =  4R
4
R’ = R
1
119. (a) v 
R
1
2v 
R'
1 R'

2 R
R
R’ =
4
 GMm
120. (a) Gravitational PE at earth surface = –
R
1
KE on the surface = mu2
2
GMm
PE at height h =
R  h
1
KE at height h = mv2
2
GMm 1 GMm 1
–  mu2    mv2
R 2 Rh 2
GM = R2g
2GM 2GM
u2 – v2 = 
R Rh
1 1 
= 2R2g   
R R  h 
 h  2gh
= 2R2g   
 R R  h   1 h
R
Note
Dimensional check shows option (a) is the only answer.

121. (a) Since the projected body is still bound to the gravitational field of earth, the total energy is negative.

4 
2.G. R3 
122. (a) vo =
2GM
= 3 
R R

4 
= 2.G. R2 
3 
8
vo = GR 2
3

G2R2 
8
vo’ =
3 2
8
= 2 GR2
3
vo’ = 2v o

123. (b) The work done in moving a sphere from earth’s

GMm
surface to infinity is W = where m
R
4
=  r 3
3
Let ve be the escape velocity then
1 GMm 2GM
mve 2  , ve =
2 R R

124. (b)
 4
R3
2GM 3
125. (b) ves =  2G. R 
R R

v earth Re e 1 1 1
  
vp Rp p 2 2 2 2

2GM
126. (a) ve =  11.2 km s–1
R
2GM
v’ =
R  8R
1 2GM 1
=  ve
3 R 3
11.2
=  3.73 km s–1
3

127. (b) By energy conservation

1 GMm 1
mv2   mv12  0
2 R 2
2GM
v12 = v 2  = v2  ve2
R

v1 = v 2  v e2  4gR  2gR = 2gR

Aliter
Given v = 2 gR
ve = 2gR
Here n = 2
When v = nve
 v = v e n2  1 = ve = 2gR

128. (c)

129. (d) The escape velocity of a body is same whatever be the angle of projection

130. (c) Potential energy per unit mass of the object

GM
= =E
R
2GM
 Escape velocity =
R
= 2E

131. (b) We know, ve = 2gR

ve A 2g1R1
  r.p  pr
ve B 2g2R2
 1
132. (c) KE = mv2
2
GMm
=
2r
1 GMm
 mv2 =
2 2r
If r = R
1 gR2m
mv2 
2 2R
When KE becomes 2KE let v’ be the velocity
2gR
2(KE) = m
2
1 2gR
mv'2  m
2 2
v’2 = 2gR
v’ = 2gR = escape velocity ve.

Aliter
GMm
Initially : K.E =
2r
GMm
P.E = 
r
GMm
T.E = 
2r
After doubling KE:
GMm
KE =
r
GMm
PE = 
r
T.E = 0. Since there is no negative P.E, its KE is sufficient to move it out of Earth’s gravity.

ve GM GM
133. (a) vo = , vo = , g 2
2 Rh R
g 2gR
R 
Rh 2
R 2g 2gR

Rh 4
R 1
  h = R = 6400 km
Rh 2

134. (d) For v > ve, the object escapes and reaches infinity. PE = 0. KE is +ve. Total energy is +ve.
For v = ve. Object just escapes gravity.
PE = 0
KE = 0. Total energy = 0
For v < ve, KE + PE remains ve and object remains bound to the gravitational field.

135. (d) Centripetal force is perpendicular to displacement

 work done is zero.

136. (c)
 GMm
137. (b) KE =
2R
GMm
and PE = –
R
GMm
TE = –
2R
TE numerically equal to KE
TE = KE

1
2  r 3 2

138. (a) Period of a satellite T =
R  g 

For geo stationary satellite
r = 7R
1
2  7R 3  2
Tg =
R  g 
1
R  2
For satellite revolving very near to surface of the earth T = 2  
g
1
2  7R 3  2
 
Tg R  g 
 1
T
R  2
2  
g
3
= 72  7 7
Tg = 7 7  T

Aliter
3
T 2  R3 , T  R 2

3
Tg  7R  2

  7 7
T  R 
Tg = 7 7 T

139. (c)
140. (d)

141. (c)

142. (a) In a freely falling system g = 0


T = 2 =
g