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HL Physics Data Booklet (NOT ANNOTATED)
HL Physics Data Booklet (NOT ANNOTATED)
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Volume of a sphere 4
V = πr 3 , where r is the radius
3
Unit conversions
180°
1 radian (rad) ≡
π
Temperature (K) = temperature (°C) + 273
cell battery
ac supply switch
voltmeter V ammeter A
lamp potentiometer
light-dependent
thermistor
resistor (LDR)
diode capacitor
Sub-topic 1.2 – Uncertainties and errors Sub-topic 1.3 – Vectors and scalars
If: y = a ± b
AV A
then: ∆y = ∆a + ∆b
ab
If: y =
c
∆y ∆a ∆b ∆c
then: = + +
y a b c
θ
AH
If: y = a n AH = A cos θ
∆y ∆a
then: = n A V = A sin θ
y a
power = Fv impulse = F ∆t = ∆p
useful work out
efficiency =
total work in
useful power out
=
total power in
pV = nRT
3 3 R
=
EK = kBT T
2 2 NA
1 n1 sin θ 2 v 2
T= = =
f n2 sin θ1 v1
ε = I (R + r ) F = qvB sin θ
F = B IL sin θ
v = ωr Mm
F =G
r2
v 2 4 π2 r F
a= = 2 g=
r T m
mv 2 M
F= = mω 2 r g =G
r r2
E =hf ∆E = ∆mc 2
hc
λ=
E
1 2.90 × 10−3
power = Aρv 3 λmax (metres) =
2 T (kelvin)
power
I=
A
v = ω x0 cos ω t ; v = −ω x0 sin ω t 1
Constructive interference: 2dn = m + λ
2
1
EK = mω 2 ( x0 2 − x 2 )
2
1
ET = mω 2 x0 2
2
l
pendulum: T = 2π
g
m
mass-spring:T = 2π
k
λ v
θ = 1.22 Moving source: f ′ = f
b v ± us
λ v ± uo
R= = mN Moving observer: f ′ = f
∆λ v
∆f ∆λ v
= ≈
f λ c
W = q ∆Ve GM kQ
Vg = − Ve =
r r
2GM
v esc =
r
GM
v orbit =
r
ε = Bv l 1 1 1
= + + ...
ε = Bv l N Cseries C1 C2
1
P= I 0V0 −
t
2 V = V0 e τ
ε p Np I s
= =
ε s Ns I p
Emax = h f − Φ N = N0 e − λ t
13.6
E=− eV A = λ N0 e − λ t
n2
nh λ
mvr = sin θ ≈
2π D
2
P (r ) = ψ ∆V
h
∆ x∆p ≥
4π
h
∆E ∆t ≥
4π
v vx v∆x
θ = tan−1 t′ = γ t − ; ∆t ′ = γ ∆t − c 2
c c 2
u −v
u′ =
uv
1− 2
c
∆t = γ ∆t0
L0
L=
γ
I = ∑ mr 2 3
U= nRT
2
Γ = Iα
∆Q
ω = 2πf ∆S =
T
ωf = ωi + α t 5
pV 3 = constant (for monatomic gases)
ω f2 = ω 2i + 2αθ
W = p∆V
1
θ = ωi t + α t 2
2 useful work done
η=
L = Iω energy input
1 2 Tcold
EKrot = Iω ηCarnot = 1 −
2 Thot
Sub-topic B.3 – Fluids and fluid Sub-topic B.4 – Forced vibrations and
dynamics (HL only) resonance (HL only)
energy stored
B = ρ fVf g Q = 2π
energy dissipated per cycle
energy stored
P = P0 + ρ f gd Q = 2π × resonant frequency ×
power loss
Av = constant
1 2
ρv + ρ gz + p = constant
2
FD = 6πη rv
vr ρ
R=
η
I = I0e − µ x
µ x 1 = In2
2
Z = ρc
L = σ AT 4 L ∝ M 3 .5
L
b=
4πd 2
Sub-topic D.5 – Further cosmology
Sub-topic D.3 – Cosmology
(HL only)
∆λ v 4πG ρ
z= ≈ v= r
λ0 c 3
R 3H 2
z= −1 ρc =
R0 8πG
v = H0 d
1
T ≈
H0