Periodic Trends Gizmo : ExploreLearning 27/10/1943 Saka, 2:21 PM

Periodic Trends Lesson Info 

Tools EXPLORE TRENDS

Group
Electron affinity Rubidium 1

H
Next element –73

Previous element Li
–60
Use the ruler to measure the Na
distance from the outermost
energy level of the atom to –53
the original position of the
electron. K
–48

Rb
Show ruler
–47
Reset

Cs
Electron affinity:
–47 kJ/mol
Electrons: 38 Protons: 37 Neutrons: 48 Fr

Period 5

Rb
Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe
–47

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Questions & Answers

1. Which of the following list of elements is arranged from smallest to largest atomic radius?

A. K, Ca, Sc
B. K, Na, Li
C. F, Cl, Br
D. Ge, P, O

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Correct Answer: C. F, Cl, Br

Explanation: As you move down a group on the periodic table, the atomic radii get larger due to an increase in the number of energy levels. As you move across a
period on the periodic table, the radii get smaller because the number of energy levels is constant while the attraction between the nucleus and the electrons
increases. Choice C is correct because the elements are arranged from the smallest atom at the top of the group to the largest atom at the bottom.

Choice A is incorrect because the elements are arranged from largest (bottom of the group) to smallest. Choice B is incorrect because the elements are
arranged from largest (left side of a period) to smallest. Choice D is incorrect because elements are arranged from largest (bottom left) to smallest (top right).

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2. What is generally true of atoms with relatively large atomic radii?

A. Large atoms hold their electrons very tightly.

B. Large atoms tend to have a low ionization energy and a low electron a_nity.
C. Large atoms tend to be found on the right side of their period on the periodic table.
D. Large atoms are usually found at the top of their group on the periodic table.

Correct Answer: B. Large atoms tend to have a low ionization energy and a low electron a_nity.

Explanation: If an atom has a large radius, the protons in the nucleus will have a weaker attraction for its valence electrons. Therefore, it will be easier to remove
these electrons, resulting in a lower ionization energy. The electron a_nity will also be lower since larger atoms have less of an attraction for the electrons of a
neighboring atom as well.

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3. What is the most accurate statement concerning ionization energy?

A. Metals tend to have lower ionization energies than nonmetals.

B. As you move down a group on the periodic table, ionization energy tends to increase.
C. As you move across a period from left to right on the periodic table, ionization energy tends to decrease.
D. The noble gases tend to have the lowest ionization energies.

Correct Answer: A. Metals tend to have lower ionization energies than nonmetals.

Explanation: Metal atoms are typically larger than nonmetal atoms in the same period, since atomic radius tends to decrease across a period. Due to this larger
size, the protons in the nucleus of a metal will have a weaker attraction for its valence electrons, leading to a lower ionization energy than nonmetals. As you
move across a period from left to right, atomic radius decreases and ionization energy increases.

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4. Which factor would be most likely to shrink the size of an atom’s electron cloud?

A. Forming a positive ion.

B. Removing a proton.
C. Adding an energy level.
D. Adding a valence electron to an existing energy level.

Correct Answer: A. Forming a positive ion.

Explanation: The formation of a positive ion removes one or more electrons from the outermost energy level. In many cases, all of the valence electrons are
removed, which removes the outer energy level. An ion with fewer energy levels will have a smaller radius.

Even if the number of energy levels remains the same, removing an electron will result in a smaller electron cloud. When a valence electron is removed, there are
now fewer electrons than protons. The repulsive forces between the remaining electrons are reduced. As a result, the electrons will be pulled in more closely and
the radius will decrease.

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5. Which of the following groups is characterized by both a high ionization energy and an electron a_nity that is close to zero?

A. Alkali metals (group 1)

B. Transition metals (groups 3-12)
C. Halogens (group 17)
D. Noble gases (group 18)

Correct Answer: D. Noble gases (group 18)

Explanation: As you move from left to right across a period on the periodic table the ionization energy tends to increase as the atoms are getting smaller. Since
the noble gases are on the far right side of the table they will tend to have smaller radii and thus greater ionization energies.

In general, the tendency of atoms to attract electrons also increases from left to right across a period. However, the noble gases have a elled octet (or in the
case of He a elled duet), making it energetically unfavorable for them to gain electrons. As a result, noble gases have very high ionization energies and electron
a_nities that are very close to zero.

You answered this question correctly!

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