SANGKULA, ZHARIF T.

MATMOD – L
BSAc - E

TASK 4: HYPOTHESIS TESTING

1. A researcher claims that the yearly consumption of soft drinks per person is 52 gallons. In a
sample of 50 randomly selected people, the mean of the yearly consumption is 56.3 gallons. The
standard deviation of the population is 3.5 gallons. Find the P-value for the test. On the basis of
the P-value, is the researcher’s claim valid?

H0 : μ = 52 gallons

H1 : μ ≠ 52 gallons

x− μ
𝑍= √𝑛
𝜎
56.3 − 52
𝑍= √50
3.5
𝑍 = 8.687312

• P value

P(Z > z|H0) = P(Z > 8.68|H0)

= 1 - P(Z < 8.68|H0)

=0

The researcher’s clam is not valid because the P value is equal to 0, hence, the hypothesis can be
rejected.

2. An Egg Production Company recently found that eating eggs does not increase a person’s blood
serum cholesterol. Five hundred subjects participated in a study that lasted for 2 years. The
participants were randomly assigned to either no-egg group or a moderate-egg group. The
blood serum cholesterol levels were checked at the beginning and end of the study. Overall, the
groups’ levels were significantly different. The company reminds that eating egg is healthy if
done in moderation. Many of the previous studies relating eggs and high blood serum
cholesterol jumped to improper conclusion.

Using this information, answer the following questions:

a. What prompted the study?

• To find out if eating eggs can increase a person’s blood serum cholesterol level.
 b. What is the population under study?
• Five hundred (500) subjects.
c. Was a sample collected?
• There were no samples collected.
d. What was the hypothesis?
• The hypothesis was eating eggs does not increase a person’s blood serum
cholesterol level.
e. Were data collected?
• Data was collected; hence the hypothesis was tested based on the collected data.
f. Were any statistical tests run?
• There were no statistical tests ran.
g. What was the conclusion?
• The conclusion was, eating egg in moderation is healthy. Many of the previous
studies relating to egg and high blood serum cholesterol jumped to improper
conclusion.

3. Suppose a statistician chose to test a hypothesis at  = 0.01. The critical value for a right-tailed
test +2.33. If the test value were 1.97, what would the decision be? What would happen if, after
seeing the test value, she decide to choose  = 0.05? What would the decision be? Explain the
contradiction, if there is one.

• It was given that the critical value is +2.33 and the test value at 1.97, and is it not in
the rejection region, thus we don't have enough evidence to reject H0.
• To obtain the critical value in the second situation, subtract 0.05 from 1, 1 – 0.05 =
0.95. If the test value remains the same and the closest critical value is 1.645, we
have enough evidence to reject H0.
• For C.V. = 1.96 do not reject H0.
• For  = 0.05, C.V. = 1.645 reject H0.

4. A report from a certain NGO stated that on average a woman visits her physician 5.8 times a
year. A researcher randomly selects 20 women and obtained these data.
3 2 1 3 7 2 9 4 6 6
8 0 5 6 4 2 1 3 4 1

At  = 0.05 can it be concluded that the average is still 5.8 visits per year?

n = 20,
X̄ = 3.85
s = 2.519
 = 0.05, d.f. = 19

H0: μ = 5.8
H1: μ ≠ 5.8 (claim)
 X̄ − μ 3.85 − 5.8
𝑡= = = 3.46
𝑠/√𝑛 2.519/√20
𝑃 − 𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑢𝑒 < 0.01
0.01 < 0.05, thus, we reject the hypothesis.
There is enough evidence to support the claim that the mean is not 5.8

5. The average family size was reported at 3.18. A random sample of families in a particular
community resulted in the following family sizes:
5 4 5 4 4 3 6 4 3 3 5
6 3 3 2 7 4 5 2 2 2 3
5 2

H0: μ = 3.18
H1: μ ≠ 3.18 (claim);
C.V. ±2.069;
d.f. = 23; t = 2.231; reject.
There is enough evidence to support the claim that the average family size different from 3.18.