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FLEX Course Material

Dynamics of
Rigid Bodies

• Engr. Michael C. Montecillo

 FOCAL POINTS

Introduction

Introduction to dynamics
Position, velocity and acceleration

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Determination of the motion of the particle

INSIDE

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Dynamics

Galileo (1564 – 1642) contributed to Newton’s fundamental laws of

motion

Dynamics;
Kinematics – study of geometry of motion. Used to relate
displacement, velocity, acceleration and time without reference to
the cause of the motion

Kinetics – study of the relation existing between the forces acting on

a body, and the motion of the body. This is used to predict the
motion caused by given forces or to determine the forces required to
produce a given motion.

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POSITION, VELOCITY and ACCELERATION

Particle moving in a straight line is said to be in rectilinear motion.

t = time
P = position
O = origin
x = distance travelled

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VELOCITY

Velocity = distance / time

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ACCELERATION

acceleration = velocity / time

Or substituting from

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ACCELERATION

• Positive acceleration means;

• Velocity increases,
• Faster in positive direction

• Negative acceleration means;

• Velocity decreases, either the
particle is moving more slowly in the
positive direction or
• Faster in a negative direction

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• Example
The particle is considered to be moving in a
straight line. The position of a particle is
defined by the equation

x = 6t2 – t3

t is in seconds and x in meters

Find velocity v at any given time t?

Find the acceleration a at any given time t?

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Practice Problem 1.
The position of a particle which moves along a
straight line is defined by the relation

where x is in feet, t is in seconds.

Determine
1. the time at which the velocity will be zero
2. the position and distance traveled by the
particle at that time
3. the acceleration of the particle at that time.
4. the distance traveled by the particle from t =
4s to t = 6 s

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Practice Problem 2.
A ball is tossed with a velocity of 10m/s
directed vertical upward from a window
located 20 m above the ground. Knowing that
the acceleration of the ball is constant and
equal to gravity.

Determine
1. The velocity v and elevation y of the ball
above the ground at any given time t
2. The highest elevation reached by the ball
and the corresponding value of t
3. The time t when the ball will hit the ground
and the corresponding velocity

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UNIFORM RECTILINEAR MOTION

Lets consider the velocity is constant

We need to integrate to get the position x

x – x0 = v (t - 0)
x – x0 = v t

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UNIFORM RECTILINEAR MOTION

If the acceleration is constant

We need to integrate to get the velocity

v = v0 + a t

Substitute to

We need to integrate to get the position x

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UNIFORM RECTILINEAR MOTION

Another way is to use

We need to integrate to get the velocity

with respect to position

v2 = v02 + 2a (x – x0)

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Formula

Velocity

Acceleration

UNIFORM MOTION

Velocity

Acceleration

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Problem – Uniform Accelerated

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Assignment 1

Assignment 2

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Assignment 3

Assignment 4

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