Sree Siddaganga Education Society (R) (10)

SIDDAGANGA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

(An Autonomous Institution Affiliated to Visvesvaraya Technological University-Belagavi, Approved by AICTE,
Programmes Accredited by NBA, New Delhi & ISO 9001:2008 Certified)
Tumakuru-572103, Karnataka India

MAJOR PROJECT SYNOPSIS ON

“Synthesis & Characteristics of Self-Healing Shape

Memory Alloys Reinforced with Aluminium
Matrix”

In partial fulfilment of the requirements for the VII Semester of Bachelor of Engineering

In Mechanical Engineering

Submitted By:
DHEERAJ KULKARNI 1SI17ME407
BILVA H 1SI19ME401
NIRANJAN D S 1SI19ME410
TEJAS S 1SI19ME421
Under the Guidance Of:
NARESH H
Assistant Professor
Department of Mechanical Engineering
Siddaganga Institute of Technology, Tumakuru.

Academic year: 2021-22

 INTRODUCTION
Self healing is a property of metallic material which has the ability to
regain it’s original shape even after deformation. This property is
similar to the cells of living body which recovers itself within certain
time duration. Usually shape memory alloys undergo plastic
deformation and it is heated so that it’s shape can be regained. Shape
memory alloy regains it’s original shape due to phenomenon like
shape memory effect & psuedoelasticity or superelasticty. Shape
memory effect depends on temperature and superelasticity.
It basically occurs due to phase transformation from austenite to
martensite form. The martensitic transformation starts with austenitic
transformation (high temperature) ⇆ Martensitic transformation (low
temperature). Phase transformation takes place while deformation and
it also takes place while heating which is done to regain it’s original
shape. There are many shape memory alloys in which nickel Titanium
(NiTi) & copper aluminum, manganese (Cu-Al-Mn) are mostly being
considered than other shape memory alloys.

OBJECTIVES
Under the appropriate stress and thermal conditions, Shape Memory
Alloys (SMAs) exhibit the ability to fully recover large deformations
via "Superelasticity" or "Pseudoelasticity". The main objective of this
work is to observe size effects and granular constraints in the elastic
and transformation regimes of SMAs.
SMAs are remarkably different from other materials are primarily due
to shape memory effect (SME) and pseudoplasticity which are related
with the specific way the phase transformation occurs, biocompatibility,
high specific strength, high wear resistance and high anti-fatigue
property.
 MOTIVATION
Shape memory effect is a field which is being extensively researched
from past two decades but there are less progress from the studies.
Shape memory effect is a subject which has great future scope in
Aerospace industries, Medical sector, Construction industries and
Automobile industries.
Mainly this effect should work without human intervention with help
of surrounding heat and heat produced by the device.

LITERATURE REVIEW
This effect subsequently allows shape memory alloys to show the large
reversible strains with stress. In one-way Shape Memory Effect (SME),
by increasing the temperature material returns to its original shape and
this matter will happen again for Two-Way Shape Memory exactly like
one-way. It also permits the return of a second shape by cooling. In
another research in self-healing effect, Kuang and Ou from University
of Technology in China have improved self-healing concrete.

Their method of repairing consists of two mechanisms, Shape memory

alloy (SMA) wires, and hollow fibres to bind the crack. After loading
in bending test, a crack would be forms cross the mid-span of the
sample. The crack tears the hollow fibres containing the adhesive layer
and connection. The initial crack is healed to the point that upon
reloading.

The SMA wires are activated by heating the system and therefore the
healing begins. Due to the heat, the wires relapse to their original shape
at the shape change in martensite to austenite transition temperature
which was tailored to 169℃, and due to compressive stresses, clamping
any cracks. After this type of healing, the composite recovers 95% of
the original tensile strength. At room temperature, there is a method to
measure austenite finish temperature (Af) for austenite state.

It is more difficult to facilitate healing in metallic materials than in

polymers owing to their high melting temperatures and low atomic
diffusivities. However, there have been three main directions that have
been taken towards development of self-healing in metallic materials
by different research groups.

(i). Precipitation in alloys to close voids and cracks.

(ii). Embedding ceramic micro-balloon encapsulated low-melting

alloy as healing agent into the matrix of higher melting alloy.

(iii). Reinforcing an off-eutectic metal matrix with NiTi based Shape

Memory Alloys (SMA).

Fig: Austenite and Martensite Phase Transformation.