LECTURE-PHYSICS1-PHY11

CHAPTER1. MOTION IN A STRAIGHT LINE

Speed – it is a scalar quantity.

- the rate at which someone or something is able to move or operate.

Average Speed

- is a measure of the distance traveled in a given period of time; it is sometimes referred

to as the distance per time ratio.

Speed average = distance traveled / time taken ( v = d/t )

Instantaneous Speed

- speed determined for a very short time interval

Velocity

- A vector quantity that describes both how fast it is moving and the direction in which it is
headed.

Example 1-1

A man walks 7 km in 2 hours and 2 km in 1 hour in the same direction. 

What is the man's average speed for the whole journey?

Solution:

Example 1-2

A man walks 7 km East in 2 hours and then 2.5 km West in 1 hour. 

a) What is the man's average speed for the whole journey? 

b) What is the man's average velocity for the whole journey?

Solution:

Example 1-3

I leave Charlottesville at 10:00 a.m. tomorrow morning, and arrive in Chicago (770 miles away)
at 6:00 p.m. the following day. What is my average speed?

Example 1-4
John drove South 120 km at 60 km/h and then East 150 km at 50 km/h. Determine the average
speed for the whole journey?

Acceleration

- the rate at which its velocity is changing. A body is accelerated when its velocity is
increasing, decreasing or changing in direction.

Positive acceleration means increase in velocity.

Negative acceleration means decrease in velocity.(sometimes called deceleration).

At constant acceleration:
We can also solve time t in terms of v, vo, and a:

Finding the distance: Using Initial Velocity, Time, and Acceleration

Another useful formula getting the final velocity of the body in term of initial velocity, its
acceleration, and the distance it has traveled during the acceleration.

Typical Unit for acceleration: m/s2, (km/h)/s (iconvert nalang)

Ex. The acceleration of a car that goes from rest to 90km/h in 10s. (might be expressed by as
a=9(km/h)/s)

Time graph – (velocity vs. time). Where the vertical axis represents the velocity of the object
and the horizontal axis represent the time taken of the object.

Example 1-5

An airplane accelerates down a runway at 3.20 m/s 2 for 32.8 s until is finally lifts off the ground.
Determine the distance traveled before takeoff.

Solution:
Example 1-6

A car starts from rest and accelerates uniformly over a time of 5.21 seconds for a distance of
110 m. Determine the acceleration of the car.

Solutions:

Example 1-7

A race car accelerates uniformly from 18.5 m/s to 46.1 m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the
acceleration of the car and the distance traveled.

Solutions:
Example 1-8

A bike accelerates uniformly from rest to a speed of 7.10 m/s over a distance of 35.4 m.
Determine the acceleration of the bike.

Solutions: