DESCRIBING MOTION

Mechanics- is the study of the motion of the objects,

and the related concepts of force and energy.
Mechanics is divided into two:
1. Kinematics - describe how objects move (includes
topics like kinematics in one-dimension, projectile
motion, etc.)
2. Dynamics – deals with force and why objects move
as they do (include topics like Newton’s Laws,
There are a variety of quantities associated with the
motion of objects - displacement (and distance), velocity
(and speed), acceleration, and time.
The distance traveled by an object per unit time is called
speed. It is a scalar quantity and thus gives a magnitude
only:
Speed (v)- how fast an object is moving.
Distance (d)- total length between two positions.
Time (t)- is the measurement that tells the duration of
an event or how long does it take.
 For example: A man walks 20 km in 4 hours. Find his speed.
formula:
speed = distance /time

Distance covered: 20 km
Time taken: 4 hours
 speed = distance /time
= 20 km/4 hr
= 5 km/hr
The man walked at the speed of 5 km per hour.
1. A car travels 150 km in 3 hours. Find
the speed of the car?
Formula: speed = distance /time
Given: Distance covered = 150 km

Time taken = 3 hours

Speed: ?
speed = distance /time
= 150 km/3hours
= 50 km/ hr
The car travels at 50km/hr
2. Maria Regina Teresa travelled from San
Fabian to Baguio City at an average speed of
60 km/h, for a total of 2 hours. How far did
he travel?
Formula: ?
Given: ?

Distance: ?
3. A bus traveled 252 kilometers at
72 km/ hr. How many hrs did it
travel?

Formula: ?
Given: ?

Time: ?
displacement - final position – initial position
velocity -The rate of change of displacement of an object with respect to
time, or the rate of change of position.
 velocity = displacement / time
A car travels at uniform velocity with a displacement of 100 m in 4
seconds. What is the velocity of the car?
Solution:
Displacement: 100 km
Time taken: 4 seconds
velocity = displacement / time
= 100 km / 4 s
= 25 km/s
Acceleration

-The change in velocity of an object

per unit time, or the rate of change of
velocity function with respect to
time.
 Calculating Acceleration from a Force

 When using this equation, keep your units in the

metric system. Use kilograms (kg) for mass, newtons
(N) for force, and meters per second squared (m/s2) for
acceleration.
 a= F/m
 a= acceleration
 F= force
 m= mass
Problem solving:

A 10 Newton force acts uniformly on a mass of 2

kilograms. What is the object’s acceleration?
 a = 10 N/ 2 kg

= 5 m/s2
Calculating Average Acceleration from
Two Velocities
a= (vf - vi)/t vf = vi + at

acceleration = change in velocity / time elapsed

= (final velocity – initial velocity) / time
elapsed
 Example: A car accelerates from 15 m/s to 45 m/s in 5 seconds.
Calculate the average acceleration of the car.
 Formula: a= (vf - vi)/t
= 45-15/ 5
=30/ 5
=6m/ s2
 Performance Task
Make a problem solving for the ff:
1. speed
2. distance
3. time
4. calculating acceleration from a force
5. calculating average acceleration from
two velocities
 ACCELERATION
Acceleration – the rate at
which velocity changes
Can be an:
Increasein speed
Decrease in speed
Change in direction
Types of acceleration

 Increasing speed
 Example: Car speeds up at green light

 Decreasing speed
 Example: Car slows down at stop light
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 Changing Direction
 Example: Car takes turn (can be at constant speed)