Speed and velocity

distance = speed x time

The area under a velocity-time graph is the distance travelled.
Since speed = distance / time, the distance = speed x time (or
velocity x time).

SI unit of speed is the metre per second (m/s), but the most
common unit of speed in everyday usage is the kilometre per hour
(km/h) or, in the US and the UK, miles per hour (mph).

Instantaneous speed is a measurement of how fast an

object is moving at that particular moment.

Example: For example, the speedometer in a car shows the

instantaneous speed with which the car is moving. At one moment,
the instantaneous speed of the car may be 50 k m p h , and in the
very next moment, the instantaneous speed may change to 54 k m
p h with a slight press of the car's accelerator.
How do you find the instantaneous speed? The instantaneous
speed of an object can be found by dividing the short distance
covered by it in a short interval of time. For example, if a car covers
7 m in 0.5 s, its instantaneous speed is 7/0.5=14 m/s.

Instantaneous velocity is a vector quantity that

includes both the speed and the direction in which the object
is moving.

Acceleration
he SI unit of acceleration is metres/second
squared (m/s2).
Let us consider the acceleration practice problem: A car accelerates uniformly from 22.5 m/s to 46.1
m/s in 2.47 seconds. Determine the acceleration of the car.

Solution:
We can calculate the Acceleration using the given formula.
Formula:
Acceleration = ( Final velocity - Initial velocity) / Time

Substituting the values in the formula,

Acceleration = (46.1 – 22.5 ) / 2.47 = 23.6 / 2.47 = 9.554 m/s 2

Therefore, the value of Acceleration is 9.554 m/s2.

Example 2:
Refer the below example of acceleration with solution. When an airplane accelerates down a runway
at 3.20 m/s2 to 5.41 m/s2 for 28 s until is finally lifts off the ground, calculate its acceleration before
its take off.
Solution:
Substituting the values in the above given formula,
Acceleration = (5.41 – 3.20 ) / 28 = 2.21 / 28 = 0.078 m/s 2
Therefore, Acceleration is 0.078 m/s2.