LINEAR MOTION: HOW DO OBJECTS

MOVE IN ONE DIMENSION?

for SCIENCE Grade 7
Quarter 3 / Week 2

NegOr_Q3_Science 7_SLK Week 2_V2

NegOr_Q3_Science 7_SLK Week 2_V2 1

 FOREWORD

This week’s self-learning kit will let the Grade 7 learners to

continue the journey for a better understanding of the basic
concepts of motion and does not include the causes of factors that
affect the motion. This kit will focus on kinematics which is the study
that deals with the description of motion, specifically in one
dimension, the knowledge on how objects move in a straight path
either horizontally or vertically.

It is hoped that through the discussions and activities of this

KIT, will help learners develop skills in doing accurate measurements,
and the values of intellectual honesty will be enhanced.

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OBJECTIVES

K: Describe operationally the basic principles of mechanics,

specifically motion in a straight line

S: Apply the concepts to practical situations and problems

A: Display some positive attitude and appreciate the value of
measurement on how motion is described quantitatively.

COMPETENCY
Describe the motion of an object in terms of distance or displacement,
speed or velocity, and acceleration. S7FE-IIIa-1

I. WHAT HAPPENED
At the end of this module, learners are expected to answer the
following key questions:

• When can we say that an object is in motion?

• How do we describe the motion of an object?

Materials needed

Stopwatch or any time device

Measuring device
Note: You can perform this activity with a partner.
Procedure
Step 1: Find out how long it takes you to walk 5 meters at a normal pace. Record
your time. (Use any time device)
Step 2: Now find out how far you can walk in 5 seconds if you walk at a normal
pace. Record your distance (use any measuring device)
Step 3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2, walking slower than your normal pace.
Step 4: Repeat Steps 2 and 2, walking faster than your normal pace.

Think it over! Inferring: What is the relationship between the distance you walk, the
time it takes you to walk, and your walking speed?
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II. WHAT I NEED TO KNOW

Discussion
Motion along a straight line is known as rectilinear motion. Horizontal motion
like that of a car traveling on a straight path and vertical motion like that of an
object falling are both examples of rectilinear motion.

Differentiating Distance from Displacement

Motion may be described by specifying how far something has traveled in
changing position and time. A body is said to be in motion if it is changing its
position with respect to a reference point. Distance refers to the total path traveled
by a body. Displacement, on the other hand, indicates the length of a straight line
that connects the body’s initial position to its final position. It is also described as
the shortest length traveled. Distance is a scalar quantity while displacement is a
vector quantity. Being measurements of lengths, the SI unit for both quantities is
meter (m).

Illustration: A 5m

1m 2m
1.5m

B
So, the total path is simply adding 5m + 1m + 2m + 1.5m = 9.5m. This is the distance
traveled while the displacement is represented by an arrow from its initial position
A to its final position B. (Source: Introduction to Physics and Newtonian Mechanics)

Differentiating Speed from Velocity

Calculating Speed
A measurement of distance can tell you how far an object travels. If you
know the distance an object travels in a certain amount of time, you can
calculate the speed of an object. Speed (a scalar) is the rate of motion. It is a type
of rate. A rate tells you the amount of something that occurs or changes in one
unit of time. The speed of an object is the distance the object travels per unit of
time. To calculate the speed of an object, it can be written operationally as,
Speed = distance/time

Average speed (Vave)= Total distance travelled

Total time of travel

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 The speed equation consists of a unit of distance divided by a unit of time.
If you measure distance in meters and time in seconds, you express speed
in meters per second, or m/s. For example, a cyclist who travels 30 kilometers in an
hour has a speed of 30km/hr. An ant that moves 2 centimeters in 1 second is
moving at a speed of 2 centimeters per second, or cm/sec.
For a cyclist that does not have a constant speed, he has an average
speed. To calculate average speed, divide the total distance travelled by the total
time. Example, a cyclist travels 32km during the first 2 hours. Then he travels 13 km
during the next hour. The average speed of the cyclist is the total distance divided
by the total time.

Given:
Total distance = 32km + 13km = 45km

Total time = 2hr + 1hr = 3 hrs

Find: Average speed

Formula: Average speed (Vave)= Total Distance travelled

Total time of Travel
Solution:

Average speed (Vave)= Total Distance travelled

Total time of Travel
Average speed (Vave) = 45km/3hr = 15km/hr
The cyclist’s average speed is 15 kilometers per hour. Calculating the
average speed of a cyclist during a race is important. However, it is also useful to
know the cyclist’s instantaneous speed. Instantaneous speed is the rate at which
an object is moving at a given instant in time. Another example is when you are
riding beside the driver, you see the speedometer (an instrument that measures
instantaneous speed) in the dashboard. This the speed of the car at an instant.

When you know both the speed and direction of an object’s motion, you
know the velocity of an object. Speed in a given direction is called velocity.
Velocity (a vector) is the rate of motion at a given direction. You know the velocity
of the storm when you know that it is moving 25 km/hr eastward.

What is acceleration?
Questions:

1. What kind of motion does acceleration refer to?

2. How is acceleration calculated?
3. What graphs can be used to analyze the motion of an accelerating
object?
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 Suppose you are a passenger in a car stopped at a red light. When the
light changes to green, the driver steps on the accelerator. As a result, the car
speeds up, or accelerates. In everyday language, acceleration means “the
process of speeding up.” Acceleration has a more precise definition in science.
Acceleration is the rate at which velocity changes. It refers to increasing speed,
decreasing speed/deceleration, or changing direction.
Examples:

1.A softball accelerates when it is thrown.

2.A softball changes direction when it is hit.
3.A softball decelerates when it is caught.

A softball experiences acceleration when it is thrown, caught, and hit.

Classify what change in motion occurs in each example?
Answer: ________________, __________________, _________________.

Calculating Acceleration
Acceleration describes the rate at which velocity changes. If an object is
not changing direction, you can describe its acceleration as the rate at which its
speed changes. To determine the acceleration of an object moving in a straight
line, you must calculate the change in speed per unit of time. This is summarized
by the following formula:

Acceleration (a) = Final speed – Initial speed = ∆v = vf - vi

Time ∆t t

If speed is measured in meters per second (m/s) and time is measured in

seconds, the SI unit of acceleration is meters per second per second, or m/s2.

Suppose speed is measured in kilometers per hour and time is measured in

hours. Then the unit of acceleration is kilometers per hour per hour, or km/hr2.

Math Sample problem

Calculating Acceleration

1. As the car starts down the slope, its speed is 4 m/s. After 3 seconds, its speed is
22 m/s. What is its average acceleration?
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 Read and understand.

What information are you given?

Initial speed = 4m/s
Final speed = 22m/s
Time = 3s

2 Plan and Solve

2 What quantity are you trying to calculate?
2 Find: average acceleration of the car ____________.
2 What formula contains the given quantities and the unknown quantity?
2 Perform the calculation.
2 Acceleration = Final speed – Initial speed
2 Time
2 = ΔV = Vf - Vi = 22 m/s – 4 m/s
2 t t 3s
2 = 18m/s
2 3s
2
= 6 m/s2
2
Therefore, the car’s acceleration is 6 m/s .
2
2
2
2 Look back and check

Did your answer make sense?

The answer is reasonable. If the car’s speed increases by
6 m/s each second, its speed will be 10 m/s after 1 second, 16 m/s after 2
seconds, and 22 m/s after 3 seconds.

TRY THIS!

Math Practice

Calculating Acceleration

1. A falling raindrop accelerates from 10 m/s to 30 m/s in 2 seconds. What is

the raindrop’s average acceleration? Show your solution following the guide:
Write the given: Vi =_______ Vf =________ t =________

Find: Car’s acceleration

Show your Solution: _______________________

Final answer and unit: __________

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2. A car has a speed of 18 m/s. After passing an intersection, the car speeds
up to 27 m/s in 9 seconds. What is the acceleration of the car?

Write the given:

Vi =_______ Vf =________ t=________

Find: Car’s acceleration

Show your Solution: _______________________

Final answer and unit: __________

3. Problem: What is a race car’s average acceleration if its speed changes

from 0 m/s to 40 m/s in 4 seconds?

Find the following:

a. Time

b. Final speed

c. Initial speed

d. Desired formula

e. Final answer and unit

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 In kinematics, motion is
mathematically described.
Equations involving
displacement, initial velocity,
In Summary
final velocity, acceleration,
and time of motion of a
moving body are equations
of motion.

Organizing Information

Copy the concept map below about motion onto a separate

sheet of paper. Then complete it and add a title.

MOTION

Is described is measured
relative to a by

A. Reference point Distance ÷ Time

Equals in a
given
Direction is
called
B. Speed C. Velocity

Changing the velocity D. ACCELERATION

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III. WHAT I HAVE LEARNED
EVALUATION/POST TEST
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer in your
notebook/paper.

A. Reviewing Key Terms (3 pts)

1. A change of position with respect to a reference point is
a. acceleration b. velocity c. direction d. motion

2. If you know a car travels 30 km in 20 minutes, you can find its

a. acceleration c. average speed
b. average velocity d. instantaneous speed

3. The rate at which velocity changes is called

a. acceleration c. average speed
b. constant speed d. velocity

B. Checking concepts (5 pts)

(4-8) Which has a greater speed, a dog that travels 600 m in 60 seconds
or a duck that travels 60 m in 5 seconds?

Solution: (Note: use the speed formula to compare)

4. speed = _______
5. Unit used ______
6. what is the mathematical operation used?
7. By how much is greater? ( solve the speed of the dog and duck and
compare your answer)
8. Which one has a greater speed?

C. Math Practice

9. Convert 150 cm to meters. (1 meter = 100 cm)

10. Convert 5 km to meters. (1 km = 1,000 m)

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 REFERENCES

1. K to 12 Grade 7 Learning Module in Science (Q3-Q4)

Project RISE for science Education Grade 7 DLL-JHS Science

Deped. Negros Island Region Division of Negros Occidental

Jones,T.Griffith.2005.Motion,Forces and
Energy.Boston,Masachusetts:PearsonEducation,Inc.,Publishing
:
2. https://www.google.com/search?q=animation++for+presentation&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKE
wixxprwhaPuAhVB65QKHSy_AfcQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=animation++for+presentation&gs_lcp
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aW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=5zcEYPG2GMHW0wSs_oa4Dw&bih=625&biw=1349&hl=en-US
1.
2. 3.https://www.google.com/search?q=animated+tower+images&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwii4ZzUq63
uAhVFzYsBHe6QB2wQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=animated+tower+images&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAA
yBggAEAgQHjIGCAAQCBAeMgYIABAIEB46BggAEAcQHjoICAAQCBAHEB5Q0ewBWIaEAmDEhgJoAH
AAeACAAZ8BiAH6CZIBBDAuMTCYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=img&ei=sp0JYKL
AJ8War7wP7qGe4AY&bih=625&biw=1366#imgrc=Vo-NJjyFB8rh5M
3.
4. 4.https://www.google.com/search?q=animated+boy+images&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwinie6kp63u
AhWQG6YKHd_ECeEQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=animated+boy+images&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzICCAAy
AggAMgIIADICCAAyAggAMgIIADICCAAyBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQBxAeMgYIABAHEB5Qk482WJ2TNmD
FljZoAHAAeACAAYgBiAGFA5IBAzAuM5gBAKABAaoBC2d3cy13aXotaW1nwAEB&sclient=img&ei=HZk
JYOeGI5C3mAXfiaeIDg&bih=625&biw=1366#imgrc=2qrn2TW5odWoHM
5.
6. 5.https://www.google.com/search?q=animated+church+images&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiE7IGM
p63uAhWsxosBHeuIDbMQ2cCegQIABAA&oq=animated+church+images&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzIC
CAAyBggAEAcQHjIGCAAQCBAeOgQIABBDOggIABAIEAcQHlD22gJYsvgCYLCFA2gAcAB4AIABqwGI
AegHkgEDMC44mAEAoAEBqgELZ3dzLXdpei1pbWfAAQE&sclient=img&ei=6ZgJYMTTHKyNr7wP65G2
mAs&bih=625&biw=1366

6.https://www.google.com/search?q=confuesd+images+cartoon&tbm=isch&ved=2ahUKEwiOm-
m_39v0AhVN0ZQKHZYXBQIQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=confuesd+images+cartoon&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQAzoHCCMQ7wMQJzoFCAAQg
AQ6BggAEAcQHjoICAAQCBAHEB5Q-
x9YyjFgxzRoAHAAeACAAYkBiAHJCZIBBDAuMTCYAQCgAQGqAQtnd3Mtd2l6LWltZ8ABAQ&sclient=im
g&ei=SZm0Yc7SIM2i0wSWr5QQ&bih=625&biw=1349&hl=en-GB#imgrc=D4rJNIyPRV0ObM

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7Pu939v0AhViGKYKHTutDV4Q4lYoAnoECAEQFg&biw=1349&bih=625#imgrc=Z1t1w_aulMBx9M

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS EdD JD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY EdD

OIC-Assistant Schools Division Superintendent/CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMDS)

ARNOLD R. JUNGCO
PSDS– Division Science Coordinator

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
WRITER

CZAR CALEB SANTIAGO A. ACADEMIA

Illustrator

STEPHEN C. BALDADO
HELBERT P. OJARIO
Lay-out Artists
_____________________________
ALPHA QA TEAM
ADELINE FE D. DIMAANO
VICENTE B. MONGCOPA
FLORENTINA P. PASAJINGUE

BETA QA TEAM
ZENAIDA A. ACADEMIA
ALLAN Z. ALBERTO
EUFRATES G. ANSOK, JR.
ROWENA R. DINOKOT
LESTER C. PABALINAS

DISCLAIMER
The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning
modality to the teachers and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully
researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were
clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate this material. All content is subject
to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.
NegOr_Q3_Science 7_SLK Week 2_V2

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SYNOPSIS

This self-learning kit was prepared

to explore more in the understanding 10. 5,000 meters
of the fundamental concepts of C. 9. 1.5 m

motion. As motion is seen in everyday 8. 2 m/s

activities of people, Physics has duck’s speed: 12m/s
7. dog’s speed: 10m/s;
provided us with a study known as 6. division

Kinematics. The knowledge on how

5. m/s
B. 4. Speed = d/t
objects move in a straight line will show 3. A 2. c A. 1. d
its motion in one dimension. However, Post-Test

this does not include the causes of Answer Key

factors that affect the motion. Doing
accurate measurements will enable
the learners to appreciate how motion
can be described quantitatively.

ABOUT THE AUTHOR & LAY-OUT ARTIST

Zenaida A. Academia holds Bachelor’s Degree in Physics

from SILLIMAN UNIVERSITY Last March 1987 at Dumaguete
City. She finished her master’s degree based on the
Academic Degree program offered for Public School
Teachers in the UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES OPEN UNIVERSITY
(UPOU). She has completed the Academic Requirements in the
Graduate course leading to the degree of Master of Arts in
Educational Management (MAEM). Has been a facilitator and a
writer to the different In- Service Trainings and Division Seminar-
Workshops in Science. Presently a Master Teacher I at Manjuyod
National high School, Manjuyod District 2 teaching Physics and other
related fields.

Czar Caleb Santiago A. Academia holds Bachelor’s

Degree in AB Philosophy at ST JOSEPH SEMINARY COLLEGE
last March 2019 and presently teaching at COLEGIO de
Santa Catalina de Alejandria (COSCA) in Dumaguete
City.

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