Lecture 3

The History of Civil Engineering

ENGR. ROSLYN P. PENA

Associate Professor 1
Chairperson, Department of Civil Engineering
Definition:

Engine, engineer, engineering

came from the Latin ingenium,
(natural capacity, invention) which
is derived from gignere (genere),
meaning to produce.
Civil engineering is the oldest
branch of engineering which is
growing right from the stone age of
civilization.
History of Civil Engineering:

•It is difficult to determine the history

of emergence and beginning of civil
engineering, however, that the
history of civil engineering is a mirror
of the history of human beings on this
earth.
http://www.thecivilengg.com/History.php
The Functions of the Engineer

• Since prehistoric times, mankind has

benefited from the various tools,
equipment, and projects developed by
engineers.
 https://www.missgien.net/stone-age/skarabrae.html

Stone Age Shelters

http://www.travel-images.com/scot/photo-scot172.html

http://padstyle.com/5-houses-from-the-stone-age/2960
•Man used the old shelter caves to
protect themselves of weather
and harsh environment.
The Functions of the Engineer
• The stone bladed axes which were very
useful tools;
The Functions of the Engineer
• the irrigation system used to promote crop
growing – 6000 to 3000 B.C.
The Functions of the Engineer
• The Pyramid of Egypt–3000 to 600B.C.
The pyramids built by the
ancient Egyptians, is a
symbol of their power in
their time period and their
strong religious beliefs.
The pyramid texts found
inside of pyramids are
made specifically for
religious purposes
concerning the journey the
pharaohs took in the
afterlife. ..
Civil Engineering
• As a profession, it is one concerned with the
Scientific planning, design, creation, and
economical operation of physical structures
or “engine” – stationary or moving, military
or civilian.
• As a useful and applied art, it involves the
application of the factual data systematized
by every branch of Science.
Civil Engineering
• In its early uses, engineering especially
referred to the operations of those who
constructed engines of war and executed
work intended to serve military purposes.
These military engineers were ones to whom
the title “engineer” was applied.
Civil Engineering
• About the middle of the19th century, a new
class of engineers existed. They concerned
themselves with road construction and other
engineering works, but not for military
purposes.
• As a way of distinction, they came to be
known as civil engineers.
• 18th century, the term civil
engineering was coined to incorporate
all things civilian as opposed to
military engineering.
• 1818, world's first engineering society,
the Institution of Civil Engineers was
founded in London.
• 1820 the eminent engineer Thomas Thomas Telford
Telford became its first president.
https://www.ice.org.uk/what-is-civil-engineering/civil-
engineer-profiles/thomas-telford
From canals to bridges, roads to harbours, Thomas Telford – the
first President of the Institution of Civil Engineers – worked or
advised on hundreds of important civil engineering projects in his
lifetime.

https://www.ice.org.uk/what-is-civil-engineering/civil-
engineer-profiles/thomas-telford
Who was the father of civil engineering?
• John Smeaton – the Father of Civil
Engineering.
• June 8, 1729, English civil engineer John
Smeaton was born.
• Smeaton - referred to having coined the
term “civil engineering” to distinguish
from military engineers.
• He was responsible for the design of
bridges, canals, harbours and lighthouses.
/
http://scihi.org/john-smeaton-civil-engineering
Who was the first engineer in history?

• The history of structural

engineering dates back
to at least 2700 BC
when the step pyramid
for Pharaoh Djoser was
built by Imhotep, the
first engineer in history
known by name.

https://www.quora.com/Who-is-Imhotep-and-what-is-meant-by-Imhoteps-Distinction
Who was the first person to call himself a civil
engineer?

John Smeaton,
the first man to call
himself a civil
engineer, began as
an instrument
maker.
LAW IN THE CE PROFESSION

CIVIL ENGINEERING LAWS

•REPUBLIC ACT NO. 544 - AN ACT TO REGULATE
THE PRACTICE OF CIVIL ENGINEERING IN THE
PHILIPPINES
LAW IN THE CE PROFESSION
CIVIL ENGINEERING LAWS
• ARTICLE 1.0 (a) The practice of civil engineering
within the meaning and intent of this Act shall
embrace services in the form of the following:
 consultation
 design
preparation of plans
Specifications
 estimates
 erection
LAWS IN THE CE PROFESSION
CIVIL ENGINEERING LAWS
installation and supervision of the
construction of streets
 bridges,
Highways
 railroads
 ports and hangars
 port works
 canals
 river and shore improvements
LAWS IN THE CE PROFESSION

CIVIL ENGINEERING LAWS

lighthouses and
dry docks
buildings
fixed structures for irrigation
 flood protection
 drainage
LAWS IN THE CE PROFESSION

CIVIL ENGINEERING LAWS

water supply and sewerage works
 demolition of permanent structures;
and
 tunnels.
LAWS IN THE CE PROFESSION

CIVIL ENGINEERING LAWS

ARTICLE 1.0 The term "civil engineer"
as used in this Act shall mean a
person duly registered with the Board
of Examiners for Civil Engineers.
STRUCTURES WERE CONTRUCTED FOR A PURPOSE
Corinth Canal in Greece

Principal engineer István Türr and Béla

Gerster
Construction began 1881
[1]
Date of first use July 25, 1893
Length 3.9 miles (6.3 km)
Status Open
CLICK THE LINK FOR MORE INFORMATION
OF THIS CORINTH CANAL PROJECT

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8TmkDPBKmmI

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nFenc2SomMk&t=95s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2S4lSNxixI
 PURPOSE OF CONSTRUTING THE
CORINTH CANAL
Twenty-six hundred years ago, the ruler of Corinth—
Periander—proposed digging a canal to connect the
central Mediterranean Sea (via the Gulf of Corinth) to
the Aegean Sea (via the Saronic Gulf). The goal was
to save ships from the dangerous 700-kilometer
voyage around the ragged coastline of the peninsula

READ THE ARTICLE ON THIS LINK:

https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/90261/corinth-
canal#:~:text=Twenty%2Dsix%20hundred%20years%20ago,ragged%20coastline%20of%
20the%20peninsula.
Tunnels are civil engineering structures that create
an underground passage that may pass through a
hill, under buildings or roads, under water or even
under entire cities.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TdEMHSqzGSY&t=114s
At present…..

Millau Viaduct is
the tallest bridge of Tallest Building of
the world. the world in Dubai
 The Federation
Tower : Crown
jewel in the
business centre
Moscow City,
Russia.

World’s Largest Arch

Bridge in Dubai.
  A rendering of the Jeddah
Tower, a skyscraper under
construction in Jeddah, Saudi
Arabia. Adrian Smith +
Gordon Gill Architecture.
 At 2,717 feet, the Burj Khalifa in
Dubai reigns as the tallest tower
in the world.
 But by 2020, a new skyscraper
may claim that title. Jeddah,
Saudi Arabia is building the Saudi Arabia is building a high-
world's tallest skyscraper. rise that will stretch 3,280 feet
https://edition.cnn.com/style/article/jeddah-tower-saudi-
arabia-new/index.html into the sky.
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill
Architecture designed the
skyscraper, which will feature
a pointy summit and over 200
floors.
Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill
Architecture designed the
skyscraper, which will feature
a pointy summit and over 200
floors.

Inside, it will have restaurants, hotel rooms,

apartments, and a shopping mall.
Inside, it will have restaurants, hotel rooms,
Essentially,
apartments, theand
tower may servemall.
a shopping as a mini-city.
 The building's 157th floor will have the world's tallest
observation deck. For perspective, the deck will rise
55 stories
Inside, higherhave
it will than restaurants,
the one at hotel Manhattan's
rooms,
Freedom Tower.
Essentially,
apartments, theand
tower may servemall.
a shopping as a mini-city.
 The building's 157th floor will have the world's tallest
observation deck. For perspective, the deck will rise
55Jeddah
The stories
Inside, higher
itTower than
will have
will cost the
Jeddah one Company
Economic
restaurants, at hotel
Manhattan's
and Alinma
rooms,
Investment —
Freedom Tower.
Essentially,
apartments, the
the two
tower groups
may financing
serve
and a shopping mall. as a the project
mini-city. — roughly $2.2
billion.
Build Build Build Latest Update: Watch this link:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZHBJHw8RoDo
Activity 4: Write a report on this update. Summarize the BBB
Program of the Government. Follow the format below:
1. Introduction (about BBBP)
2. Objective of the Study
3. Construct a Matrix. Tabulate the name of the projects; purpose; Cost;
Date started; Date of Completion; Structural Designer/ Architects and
the remarks/Observation (last column)
4. How much the total budget of these projects mentioned.
5. Analysis/Synthesis/Conclusion
6. References
Inside, it Arial,
7. APA format; will fonthave restaurants,
11; spacing hotelmargin
1 ½; A4; and normal rooms,
8. Upload the output in your folder in the google drive on or before
Essentially,
apartments, theand
towera may servemall.
shopping as a mini-city.
November 10, 2020.
Civil Engineer

Be the BEST
MAKE A
DIFFERENCE

www.prc.gov.ph
 Be the BEST
Civil Engineering MAKE A DIFFERENCE

The practice of civil engineering shall

embrace services in the form of
consultation, design, preparation of
plans, specifications, estimates,
erection, installation and supervision of
the construction of buildings and
physical Infrastructures, including
demolition and retrofitting.
www.prc.gov.ph
 Be the BEST
FUNCTIONS-Civil Engineer MAKE A DIFFERENCE

BUILDER
PROBLEM SOLVER
RESPONSIBLE FOR PRODUCING
SAFE, ECONOMICAL AND
ENVIRONMENTALLY-SOUND
BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURES
EITHER AS A CONSULTING CIVIL
ENGINEER OR AS A CONTRACTING
CIVIL ENGINEER.
www.prc.gov.ph
 Be the BEST
FUNCTIONS-Civil Engineer MAKE A DIFFERENCE

The CE who has passed the licensure

examination administered by the
Professional Regulation Commission,
duly registered and holds a valid
professional identification card is
authorized to affix his/her seal and
sign the plans, technical specifications
and bill of materials for buildings and
infrastructure projects.
www.prc.gov.ph
Fields of Specialization in Civil
Engineering
•Construction Engineering &
Management
•Environmental Engineering
•Geotechnical Engineering
•Transportation Engineering
•Water Resources Engineering
•Civil Engineering Education
www.prc.gov.ph
 Core Competency Standards

Education Requirement
• BSCE Graduate (4yrs) from
a Higher Education
Institution duly recognized
by the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED)

www.prc.gov.ph
 Core Competency Standards

Licensure Examination
Key Areas of Competencies
• Mathematics, Surveying and
Transportation Engineering,
Economics
• Geotechnical Engineering,
Water Resources, Hydraulics
• Structural Engineering and
Construction www.prc.gov.ph
 Be the BEST
CE Board of Examiners in PRC MAKE A DIFFERENCE
Mathematics, Surveying and
Transportation Engineering,
Economics

PRAXEDES P. BERNARDO
Chairman

Structural Engineering and PERICLES P. DAKAY

ROMEO A. ESTAÑERO
Construction Member
Member
Geotechnical Engineering,
Water Resources, Hydraulics https://www.prc.gov.ph/civil-engineering
 Be the BEST
Qualification of Board Members MAKE A DIFFERENCE

• Each member of the Board shall, at the time of his appointment:

• Be a citizen and resident of the Philippines;
• Be at least thirty years of age and of good moral character;
• Be a graduate of civil engineering from a recognized and legally constituted
school, institute, college or university.
• Be a registered civil engineer duly qualified to practice civil engineering in the
Philippines;
• Have practiced civil engineering, with a certificate as such, for a period of not
less than ten years prior to his appointment.
• Not be a member of the faculty of any school, institute, college, or university
where civil engineering course is taught, nor have a pecuniary interest in such
institutions;
• No former members of the faculty of any school, institute or university where
civil engineering is taught can become a member of the Board unless he had
stopped teaching for at least three consecutive years.
https://www.prc.gov.ph/civil-engineering
 TRENDS

Number of Licensed Civil

Engineers as of August 2020
= 178, 681
Number in Active Practice
License Renewed within 3 years
= 25%
Number of School Offering the
Civil Engineering Program
= 555
www.prc.gov.ph