Arts

What is ART?

- Latin word “ars” meaning skill or ability (J.V. Estolas)

- Italian word “artis” meaning craftsmanship, skill, mastery of form (A. Tan)

- Skillful arrangement of common but significant qualities of nature such as color, sound, line
etc.

The SUBJECT of ART?

- Varied

- Anything that is represented within the artwork

o Representational or Objective Arts
 Can be depicted easily by most people.
o Non-Representational or Non-Objective Arts
 Has no resemblance to any real subject.

The FUNCTIONS of ART:

- AESTHETIC FUNCTION
o Through art, man becomes aware of the beauty of nature.

- UTILITARIAN FUNCTION
o Through art, man is provided necessities and conveniences in life such as food and
shelter.

- CULTURAL FUNCTION
o Art transmits and preserve skill and knowledge from one generation to another.

- SOCIAL FUNCTION
o Man learns to love and help each other

2 GENERAL DIMENSION of ART:

FINE ARTS/INDEPENDENT ARTS

o Made for aesthetic and enjoyment.
 Music, painting, sculpture, etc.
 PRACTICAL ARTS/USEFUL ARTS
o Made for practicality and utilitarian purposes.
 Graphic art, industrial art, civic art, etc.

Panizo & Rustia classified arts into 2 major divisions:

1. According to purpose:
a. Practical/Useful Arts
i. Produce artifacts and utensils for human needs

b. Liberal Arts
i. Directed towards intellectual growth such as in the study of philo, math,
psycho, lit.

c. Fine Arts
i. Focused towards creative activity for the contemplation of mind and uplift
of spirit.
1. Painting, sculpture

d. Major Arts
i. Actually expressing art such as music, poetry, sculpting

e. minor Arts
i. concerned on practical uses but still appropriates artistry such as interior
decoration and porcelain art.
2. According to media and forms:
a. Plastic Arts
i. Perceived by the sense of SIGHT.

b. Kinetic Arts
i. Element of RHYTHM is involved. Such as Dance.

c. Phonetic Arts
i. Combination of SOUND and WORDS.
ii. a media of expression
iii. music, drama, literature

d. Pure Arts
i. Only one medium
 ii. SOUND in music and COLOR in painting

e. Mixed Arts
i. More than one medium
ii. OPERA, combination of music, poetry, and drama

The Ways of Representing Subject

RAdemcaSSFEF
Realism – Portrayal of objective reality.
Abstraction – means to move away or separate. More concerned on a part/portion of a
subject.

1. Distortion
- Misshapen or twisted.
2. Elongation
- Lengthened, protraction or extension.
- Ex. : El Greco’s elongated body of Christ
3. Mangling
- Cut, lacerated or mutilated.
4. Cubism
- Geometrical. Sphere, Cone, Cylinder.
5. Abstract Expressionism
- Large canvas.
o STRONG COLOR
o HEAVY IMPASTO
o UNEVEN BRUSH STROKES
o ROUGH TEXTURE

Surrealism – logically incomprehensible. Fantastical visual imagery. Unrealistic.

Symbolism – idea or quality through an emblem or sign.
Ex.: The Crying Spider, Odilon Redon
The Kiss, Gustav Klimt

Futurism – mechanical. Modern life.

Ex.: Dynamic Hieroglyphic of the Bal Tabarin, Gino Severini
Expressionism – believed in the spiritual rebirth for man.
Fauvism – colors clashing, rough brush strokes, flat patterns, alien perspective, distorted forms.

Mediums and Techniques of Visual Arts

Water color – Easy. Less Luminous.

Fresco – paint in moist plaster surface applied with lime-water.
Pastel and Chalk – Dry. Held by gum binder compressed into stick.
Oil – pigment mixed with linseed oil. Used in canvas. Expensive. Flexible, and glossy.
Tempera – mineral pigment. Egg yolk/egg white and ore.
Encaustic – wax colors and use of heat.
Acrylic – widely used by painters these days because of its transparency and quick drying.
Tapestry – fabric with woven patterns.
Mosaic – pieces of colored stones and glass glued/plastered on to a surface.
Crayons – wax compressed into painted sticks.
Charcoal – carbonized material from heating wood.

VISUAL ARTS - Are art forms that create works that are primarily visual in nature, such as
ceramics, drawing, painting, sculpture, printmaking, design, crafts, photography, video, film
making and architecture.

Ceramic Art – artistic pottery, tableware, tiles, sculpture.

Painting – applying paint on a surface. Uses a brush, knife, sponge.
 Printmaking – creating artwork by printing, normally on paper. Printmaking normally
covers only the process of creating prints that have an element of originality, rather than just
being a photographic reproduction of a painting

Sculpture – 3D. Considered as plastic art. Incorporates carving and modelling.

Photography – Recording light or other electromagnetic radiation.
Video – electronic medium. Display of moving visual media.
Filmmaking – process of making a film for theatrical exhibition.
Architecture - process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing
buildings.

Design - plan or specification for the construction of an object or system.

Craft - form of making which generally produces an object that has a function. Clothes.
MEDIUMS OF VISUAL ARTS IN 3D
o STONE
o GRANITE
o MARBLE
o JADE
o IVORY
o METAL
o BRONZE
o COPPER
o GOLD
o SILVER
o LEAD
o PLASTER
o CLAY
o GLASS
o WOOD
o BRASS

TECHNIQUES OF VISUAL ARTS

Technique – means/process of using the medium.
o BLOWING
o ETCHING
o PRINTING – a form of duplicating. Uses a master image. Each print is
considered an original work.
 Relief Printing - cutting away a portion.
 Intaglio Printing – opposite.
 Planagraphic Process – a surface. Treated chemically or
mechanically so some areas have printing while some
don’t.
 Stencil Process – cutting out paper.
 Photography – drawing with light.
o SPLATTERING
o THROWING
o COLORING
 Medium of Music
PROPERTIES OF MUSIC:
Pitch – location of tone.
Duration – duration of vibration. Length of sound.
Volume – force of tone whether it be loud or soft.
Timbre Tone on Color – quality of sound.

TWO MEDIUM OF MUSIC:

Vocal Medium – human voice.
Vocal Register

Instrumental Medium – source of wonder to both player and listener.

String Instruments:
Bowed Strings
o Violin
o Viola
o Violoncello

Plucked Strings
 o Guitar
o Ukulele
o Banjo

Wind Instruments:
Woodwind Ins.
o Flute
o Oboe
o Piccolo

Bass Ins.
o Trumpet
o Trombone
o French Horn

Percussion Ins.
o Timpani – definite pitch
o Snare Drum – no definite pitch
PERFORMING ARTS
- Uses own face, body, presence.
- Music, opera, dance, drama, and spoken words.
Music
- Medium is silence and sound.
- Associated with the way of life of different kinds of people.

Opera
- Performance of singers and musicians.
- Originated in Italy on 16th century.
Dance
- Rhythmical movement of the body accordance to music.
- Form of social interaction and expression
- Social, participatory, erotic, ceremonial, competitive.
Drama
 - Fiction presented in performance.
- “drao” means action.
Spoken Word
- Akin to speaking naturally.
- Poetic, storytelling, and speech
Magic, Circus, Musical, Body

Literature
- Form of human expression.
- Works of the creative imagination:
o Poetry
o Drama
o Fiction
o Non-Fiction
o Journalism
o Song
- Body of literary products:
o Oral
o Written
o Visual
 Containing imaginative language that portrays experience of human
condition.

Two Types of Literature:

1. Prose
o “prosa”
o Straight forward.
o Written words within the common flow of conversation.
2. Poetry
 o Imaginative awareness of experience.
o Rhythmic language, sound, meaning
o Evoke emotional response

Types of Prose:
1. Novel
o Long narrative divided into chapters.
o Many characters
o Fiction/non-fiction
2. Short Story
o One plot and one single impression
3. Plays
o Stage. Act. Scenes.
4. Legends
o Fictional narratives.
o Origin. Historical culture.
5. Folktales
o Orally. Traditional narrative.
6. Fables
o Talking animals & objects
7. Myth
o Traditional sacred story. About Gods and Heroes
8. Anecdotes
o Lesson to the readers by the writer’s imagination
9. Essay
o Express opinion on an event/problem
10. Biography
o Life of a person
11. News
o Report of events
12. Oration
o Formal treatment of a subject. Spoken in public.

Types of Poetry:
1. Narrative Poetry
o Important events in life. Real/Imaginary.
 Metrical Tales
 Narrative written in verse. Either:
o Ballad – shortest and simplest form.
o Metrical Romance
2. Epic
o Heroic exploits under supernatural control.
3. Haiku Poems
o 5/7/5.
o Focuses on simplicity and beauty found in nature.
4. Drama
o Play for theater, radio, TV.

Dramatic Poetry
- Came from the Greek word “Komos”
- Meaning festivity or revelry
1. Melodrama
o Usually seen in musical play in Opera.
o Intense emotion and usually sad but has a happy ending.
 2. Tragedy
o A hero struggling meeting his death and failure.
3. Farce
o Exaggerated comedy. Too ridiculous to be true.
4. Social Poems
o Either comic or tragic. Pictures the life of today.

Lyric Poetry
- Sung to the accompaniment of a lyre.
- Now, any type of poetry that expresses feeling and emotion.
- Short, simple, and easy to understand.

Folk Songs

- Short and sung

o Love, despair, grief, doubt, joy, hope and sorrow.

Sonnets

- 14 lines. Dealing with an emotion, feeling or an idea.

Elegy

- Expresses grief and melancholy. Death.

Ode

- Noble feeling expressed with dignity. Indefinite syllables and stanza.

Psalms

- Song praising God or Mary.

Awit

- Slow song with 12 syllables with guitar/banduria.

Corridos

- 8 syllables and recited to a martial beat.