CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135

Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS
STUB EXPT TITLE: FLUID PROPERTIES BY
NAME: RICHARD SAROMINES
CODE:1817 NO.:1 VOLUMETRIC METHOD

I. OBJECTIVE:

To Determine the Density of the Liquid by the Volumetric

method.

II. APPARATUS/EQUIPMENT:

Beaker – used to store the two

different liquid before
transferring to graduated cylinder.

Graduated cylinder – used to

measure the volume of two different
liquids, since it more accurate
compare to beaker.

Weighing Scale – used to measure

the mass of graduated cylinder and
liquids.
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS

Liquids – used as a sample in this

experiment.

III. THEORY:

In this experiment we will perform the fluid properties by

volumetric method. The purpose of this laboratory is to use
volumetric analysis to determine the unknown density, specific
weight and gravity of two different substances. Fluid
mechanics is the study of fluids either in motion or at rest.
Both liquids and gases are classified as fluids.

Liquids are composed of relatively close‐packed molecules with

strong cohesive forces. Liquids have constant volume (almost
incompressible) and will form a free surface in a
gravitational field if unconfined from above.
Density is defined as the amount of mass of a substance
contained per unit volume. It can be expressed as mass
density, relative density, specific weight or specific volume.
Mass density, ρ, is defined as the mass of a substance per
unit volume. Units in the SI are kg/m3.

The density of a fluid is its mass per unit volume:

It must be taken into account that the density of a liquid is

practically constant, since the volume occupied by a given
mass of a liquid is almost invariable. But in the case of
gases, density varies depending on the volume occupied (for a
mass of such a gas).
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS

As a result of that, a liquid can be considered virtually

incompressible (except when it is working in critical
conditions), while gases are compressible.

Specific gravity or relative density of a fluid is defined as

the quotient between the density of a substance and a standard
value; therefore, it has no units. Generally, it is only used
in liquids and solids. A common standard is the maximum
density of water to atmospheric pressure, which corresponds to
a temperature of 4ºC.

The specific weight of a fluid is its weight, per unit volume.

Density and specific weight are related by gravity:

γ = ρg = W/V (N/m^3)]

Specific gravity is the ratio of a fluid density to a standard

reference fluid, typically water at 4˚C (for liquids) and air
(for gases):

Sp. Gr. = weight of liquid / weight of water = γ(liq.)/γ(H2O)

Sp. Gr. = density of liquid / density of water = (liq.)/(H2O)

It is also a unit less it is the ratio of two quantities that

have the same dimensions.
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS

IV. PROCEDURE:

1. Clean the graduated cylinder and weight it.

2. Prepare the two sample of liquids in a beaker.

3. Pour the two liquid sample in a two different graduated

cylinder and then weight it one by one(W1), and (W2).

4. The last is to get volume, specific weight, and specific

gravity of two sample base on the reading of graduated
cylinder.

V. DIAGRAM/ SET-UP:

In this set up, it shows how the experiment done by getting the two
different cylinder weight and also get the volume of liquids.
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS
VI. DATA/ RESULTS:

The liquid used here is Cooked oil Diesel

Mass of Empty Graduated Cylinder (kg) 0.0944 0.0944

Mass of Graduated Cylinder with Liquid (kg) 0.1777 0.152

Density (ρ) (kg/m3) 925.5556 822.8571

Unit weight (γ) (N/m3)

9079.70 8072.2287
Unit Weight = ρg
Specific Gravity
𝜌 𝑙𝑖𝑞 𝛾 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 0.92556 0.822857
Specific Gravityliquid = =
𝜌 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝛾 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟

VII. CALCULATIONS:
For cooked oil

Mass of graduated cylinder 94.4 grams = 0.0944 kg

Mass of cooked oil & cylinder 177.7 grams = 0.1777 kg
Mass of cooked oil 83.3 grams = 0.0833 kg
Volume of cooked oil 90 ml = 9x 10^-5 m^3

For density ():

 = m/v = 83.3 g/90 ml = 0.9255 g/ml

OR  = m/v = 0.0833 kg/ 9e-5 m^3 = 1048.8889

925.556 kg/m^3

For specific weight (γ):

γ = ρ(g) = W/V = [(0.0833 kg) (9.81)]/9e-5 m^3 = 9079.70 N/m^3

For specific gravity (sp.gr.)

Sp. Gr. = ρ(liquid)/ρ(H2O) = γ(liquid)/γ(H2O)

Sp. Gr. = 925.556 kg/m^3 / 1000 kg/m^3 = 0.92556
0.925556
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS

For diesel:

Mass of graduated cylinder 94.4 g = 0.0944 kg

Mass of diesel & cylinder 152.0 g = 0.152 kg
Mass of diesel 57.6 g = 0.0576 kg
Volume of diesel 70 ml = 7x10^-5 m^3

Mass of graduated cylinder (Mc) = 94.4 g

Mass of diesel & graduated cylinder = 1520 g
Mass of diesel = M(diesel) – Mc = 152.0 – 94.4 = 57.6 g
Vol. of oil = 70 ml = 7e-5 m^3

For density ():

 = m/v = 57.6 g/70 ml = 0.822857 g/ml

OR  = m/v = 0.0576 kg/ 7e-5 m^3 = 1048.8889

822.857 kg/m^3

For specific weight (γ):

γ = ρ(g) = W/V = [(0.0576 kg) (9.81)]/7e-5 m^3 = 8072.22857 N/m^3

For specific gravity (sp.gr.):

Sp. Gr. = ρ(liquid)/ρ(H2O) = γ(liquid)/γ(H2O)
Sp. Gr. = 8072.22857 kg/m^3 / 1000 kg/m^3 = 0.92556
0.822857
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS
VIII. ANALYSIS OF RESULT:

In this experiment, we obtained the value using different

formulas and methods. First is we get reading of two sample in
the experiment, and tabulate them in a corresponding order, and
by applying the specified formulas for density which is equal to
mass of liquid over its volume and for specific gravity we use
the density of liquid over its density of water and for specific
weight we use weight of substance over the volume of liquid. The
computed result value is that the cooked oil has the highest
result compared to diesel. The cooked oil density is equal to
925.556 kg/m^3 and its specific weight is equal to 9079.70 N/m^3
and for specific gravity equal to 0.92556, which is if you
compare it to the diesel with a less density equal to 822.857
kg/m^3 and specific weight of 8072.229 N/m^2 and specific gravity
of 0.8228.

So base on the data and result computed, the higher the volume of
cooked oil can result to a higher mass, density, specific weight
and specific gravity.

IX. OBSERVATION/CONCLUSION:

In conclusion, form the experiment we have been able to

measure the properties of fluid and we also can determine the
different of fluid properties by various methods. From the
result we got the highest density, specific weight and
specific gravity from the cooked oil which is using the
different formulas and methods. This is mean, we got the right
reading for the density of cooked oil and diesel because the
density of cooked oil is range from 0.91 g/cm^3 to 0.93 g/cm^3
which is nearest to our value of 0.92 g/ cm^3 and for diesel
which is also depends on the temperature of it. For the
specific gravity, we got also the right reading since specific
gravity of cooked oil is range from 0.9259 for coconut, 0.9150
– 0.9180 for olive, 0.922 – 0.925 for cotton seed which is
also nearest in our result of 0.92556, and this same with
diesel that range from 0.82 – 0.95 which is also nearest to
our value of 0.8228. in this experiment, there were several
recommendations which were took the reading in different units
so that we can got the accurate and can avoid from getting
wrong results.
 CENTRAL PHILIPPINE UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING CE3135
Jaro, Iloilo City, Philippines HYDRAULICS
X. REFERENCES

Fundamental of fluid mechanics

https://www.sfu.ca/~mbahrami/ENSC%20283/Notes/Intro%20and%20Fl
uid%20Properties.pdf