FUNDAMENTAL

PROPERTIES OF FLUIDS
ENGR. LEMUEL JASPER S. BADAJOS
FUNDAMENTAL PROPERTIES OF
FLUID
● Density
● Specific Weight
● Specific Gravity
● Specific Volume
● Compressibility of Fluids
● Viscosity of Liquids
● Surface Tension
FLUID
A substance (liquid or gas) that has no fixed shape and able to flow easily.

TYPES OF FLUID:

1. IDEAL FLUIDS

2. REAL FLUIDS
IDEAL FLUIDS
➢ Assumed to have no viscosity. (no resistance to shear)

➢Incompressible

➢Have uniform velocity when flowing

➢No friction between moving layers of fluid

➢No eddy currence or turbulence

REAL FLUIDS
➢ Exhibit infinite viscosities

➢Non-uniform velocity distribution when flowing

➢Compressible

➢Experience friction and turbulence in flow

 PROPERTIES OF FLUID
Mass Density, ρ
The density of a fluid is its mass per unit of volume.
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 (𝑴)
ρ= 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 (𝑽)
Units:

English: 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠ൗ𝑓𝑡 3 NOTE: SLUGS = lb/ g

Metric: 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚ൗ𝑐𝑚3 g= acceleration due to gravity (m/s2 )

SI/International System of unit: 𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3 g = 9.81 m/s2 = 32.17 ft/s^2

 PROPERTIES OF FLUID
Unit Weight / Specific Weight, γ
The Specific Weight or unit weight is the weight of a unit volume of a fluid.
𝒘𝒆𝒊𝒈𝒉𝒕 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 (𝑾)
γ= 𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 (𝑽)

γ = ρg
Units:
English: 𝑙𝑏ൗ𝑓𝑡 3 note: 1 dyne = 10 ^-5 N

Metric: 𝑑𝑦𝑛𝑒ൗ𝑐𝑚3

SI/International System of unit: 𝑁Τ𝑚3 𝑂𝑅 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚3

Difference between mass and
weight
mass weight
Mass of a body can never be zero. The weight of a body can be zero, like in space
where there is no force of gravity, so a person
experiences weightlessness.

Mass only has magnitude, so it is a scalar Weight is a vector quantity because it has
quantity. magnitude as well as direction.

Mass does not change with location; it remains Weight of a body changes with location.
constant at all times.
PROPERTIES OF FLUID
Specific gravity , sg

The Specific gravity is a dimensionless ratio of a fluid’s density to some standard reference density. For
liquids and solids, the reference density is water at 4 °C (39.2 °F). In gases, the standard reference to
calculate the specific gravity is the density of air.

ρ 𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 ρ 𝒈𝒂𝒔
s= =
ρ 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 ρ 𝒂𝒊𝒓
ρ 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 1.94 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠ൗ𝑓𝑡 3 = 1000 𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3
ρ 𝒂𝒊𝒓 = 1.29 𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3 or 1.20 𝑘𝑔ൗ𝑚3
PROPERTIES OF FLUID
Specific gravity , sg

γ 𝒍𝒊𝒒𝒖𝒊𝒅 γ𝒈𝒂𝒔
s= γ 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = γ 𝒂𝒊𝒓

γ 𝒘𝒂𝒕𝒆𝒓 = 62.4 𝑙𝑏ൗ𝑓𝑡 3 = 9.81 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚3

γ 𝒂𝒊𝒓 = 0.0779 𝑙𝑏ൗ𝑓𝑡 3 = 12 𝑁Τ𝑚3
PROPERTIES OF FLUID
Specific volume v
It is the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid..

𝒗𝒐𝒍𝒖𝒎𝒆 (𝑽) 𝟏
v= =
𝒎𝒂𝒔𝒔 𝒐𝒇 𝒇𝒍𝒖𝒊𝒅 (𝑴) ρ
Sample problem:
1. a reservoir of glycerin has a mass of 1200 kg and a volume of 0.952 cu.m. Find it’s:

A. weight

B. unit weight

C. mass density

D. specifc gravity

E. specific volume
Sample problem:
2.the specific gravity of certain oil is 0.82. calculate its:

A. specific weight in 𝑘𝑁ൗ𝑚3

B. specific weight in 𝑙𝑏ൗ𝑓𝑡 3

𝑘𝑔
C. mass density in ൗ𝑚3

D. mass density in 𝑠𝑙𝑢𝑔𝑠ൗ𝑓𝑡 3

Sample problem:
3. a liter of water weighs about 9.75 N. compute its mass in kilogram.
Sample problem:
4. if an object has a mass of 22 kg at sea level.

A. what will be its weight at a point where the acceleration due to gravity g= 9.75 m/s2.

B. what will be its mass at that point?

Sample problem:
5. what is the weight of a 45 kg boulder if it is brought to a place where the acceleration due to
gravity is 395 m/s per minute?
Sample problem:
6. if the specific volume of a certain gas is 0.7848 m^3/kg, what is its specific weight?
Whatever you ask for in prayer, if
you believe you will receive it.

-MARK 11:24