Experiment No: 11 Date:9/1/21

AKASH.s.kumar
AM.EN.U4MEE20006

OC AND SC TEST ON SINGLE PHASE TRANSFORMER

THEORY:

The OC (Open Circuit) test and SC (Short Circuit) test enable the prediction of the losses
occurring in a transformer.

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 Open Circuit test (No Load test):

This test is conducted to find out the no-load losses. In this test, one of the windings is
connected to the supply at rated voltage, and the other side is kept open. This test is usually
done on L.V side, and the H.V side is open circuited. If the applied voltage is normal
voltage, then normal flux will be set up. Since iron loss is a function of applied voltage,
normal iron loss will occur. Hence the iron loss is maximum at rated voltage. This
maximum iron loss is measured using the wattmeter. Since the secondary of the transformer
is open, the primary draws only no-load current, which will have some copper loss. This no-
load current is very small and because the copper loss in the primary is proportional to the
square of this current, it is negligible. There is no copper loss in the secondary because there
is no secondary current.

Thus the wattmeter reading in this test gives the core (iron) loss. Let V0 be the applied rated
voltage, I0 be the no-load current, W0 be the wattmeter reading (core loss). Then,

W0  V0 I 0 cos 0

I   I 0 sin 0 (Magnetizing/ Iron loss current)

I w  I 0 cos 0 (Working/ Copper loss current)

Short Circuit test:

This test is conducted for determining the copper loss in a transformer. The LV side of the
transformer is short circuited and the instruments are placed on the HV side. The supply
voltage required to circulate rated current through the transformer is usually very small and is
of the order of a few percent of the nominal voltage and this 5% voltage is applied across
primary. The core losses are very small because applied voltage is only a few percentage of
the nominal voltage and hence can be neglected. Thus the wattmeter reading measures only
the full load copper loss.
Let VSC be the short circuit voltage, ISC be the short circuit current and the wattmeter reading,
WSC. Then, Copper loss = WSC

PROCEDURE:

OC Test:

(i) Connections were made as shown in circuit diagram.

(ii) Keep auto transformer in minimum position.
(iii) Switch on the supply mains and by adjusting auto transformer; apply rated voltage to LV side.
(iv) Note readings of Ammeter (I0), Wattmeter (W0) and Voltmeter (V0).
(v) Bring the autotransformer back to minimum position and switch off the supply.

SC test:

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 (i) Connections are made as shown in the circuit diagram.
(ii) Keep auto transformer in minimum position.
(iii) Switch on the supply and apply reduced voltage to HV side by adjusting autotransformer so
that rated current flows through the secondary winding.
(iv) Note the readings of ammeter (Isc), voltmeter(Vsc) and wattmeter(Wsc)
(v) Bring the autotransformer back to minimum position and switch off the supply.

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

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OBSERVATION TABLE:

OC Test

SC Test

SAMPLE CALCULATIONS:

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 Simulation Diagram:
OC test

In oc test we made an open circuit and found out Ioc and voc from this simulation.

SC test
In sc test we shorted the circuit and found out these values.

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RESULT & INFERENCE:- From this experiment we found out the core los and copper loss in a single
phase transformer.Then we calculated these values by conducting simulation for open circuit and
short circuit test.

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