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黄冈师范学院教师授课教案

周 次 第1周 2021 年 9 月 6 日—9 月 10 日


章 节
为什么学习西方音乐史, 从中世纪到文艺复兴
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



文艺复兴的背景特征与音乐的关联



历史, 社会, 经济与艺术的关联



西方艺术史范围极大

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程

导入新课:

一、学习西方音乐史, 从文艺复兴到十八世纪初

1.学习关于西方音乐的缘起与演变的故事, 不只是研究从古到今乐种与风格,
更要尝试叙述是谁创作, 演出, 聆听, 赞助 这些音乐.他们选择与其背后的原因

他们最珍贵音乐之处与这样的价值观如何影响此一传统与革新

3、从现实意义上看,西方音乐史课程也是将来考研的一门重要的必考科目。

重点和难点内容讲解:

二、西方音乐史涉及的区域

欧洲艺术音乐史, 其实是比较实际的范畴。

三、基本参考书一览

(一) 教材:

1、《西方音乐史》,博克霍德主编,诺顿出版社

(二) 教辅:

2、《西方音乐史及作品欣赏》,徐玲主编,华中师范大学出版社

3、《牛津西方音乐史》,图拉斯金编,牛津大学出版社

4、《西方音乐历史知识解答》杨秦生 西南交通大学出版社

5、《西方音乐通史》,于润洋主编,上海音乐出版社;
四、授课要求

1、西方音乐史是一门知识量很丰富的课程,有大量需要熟练掌握的知识要
点,因此,希望同学们能够在课堂上做好笔记。

2、希望同学们能在课后进行预习和复习,要博览群书,并且对我上课所提到
的知识点能够融会贯通的理解。对于我所提到的知识点和作品我会进行提问,成
绩计入平时成绩。

3、考试按照学校和我院的有关规定进行。平时成绩将以 10%计入总分。此
外,期中考试以论文形式进行。

作业布置:

从 Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪, 聆听曲目,课前课后自行聆听。

归纳总结:

1. 谈谈你所了解的文艺复兴音乐
2. 它跟前一时期有何差别?
3. 西方音乐与中国传统音乐最主要差别

黄冈师范学院教师授课教案

周 次 第2周 2021 年 9 月 13-17 日


章 节
文艺复兴音乐的源头:15 世纪的英国音乐
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时


文艺复兴音乐的源头探讨



Dunstable,Dufay



两位大师风格联系与差异

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西
体使 方音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程
导入新课:Dunstable: Quam Pulchra Es 聆听分析

重点和难点内容讲解:

西方音乐史的基本学习内容

(一)从宏观上了解文艺复兴时期与前时期的差别:

1、

(二)在两时期中需要掌握的一般性内容:重要的史实、流派特征、美学特质

、体裁。

作业布置: 熟记文艺复兴音乐风格的趋向
黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第3周 2021 年 9 月 20-24 日


章 节
文艺复兴音乐的源头:15 世纪 Burgundy 地区的音乐
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



Burgundy 历史背景, Dufay 音乐一般特征。



大师的特征与影响



对于文艺复兴音乐的奠基与西方音乐整体影响

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程

复习旧课:15 世纪文艺复兴艺术特征识记情况

导入新课:De plus en plus by Binchois

一. Guillaume Du Fay (ca. 1397–1474)


二. Resvellies vous, 1423 醒醒 快樂吧!

Composed while working in Italy to celebrate his patron’s wedding “Carlo Malatesta'

Ballade form (aab with refrain)

Ars Subtilior characteristics

Rapid notes in various divisions of the beat

Cross-rhythms between the parts (Example 8.5)

Dissonant ornamental notes

Too difficult for an untrained singer

三. Se la face ay pale 如果我的脸是苍白

Ballade, composed ten years after Resvellies vous

English elements added to the French and Italian traits

The tenor is as tuneful as the cantus.

Phrases are brief.

四. Nuper rosarum flores 玫瑰花冠, 1436, was composed for the dedication of the dome of
the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore in Florence (Figure 8.7).

Two isorhythmic tenor voices, both based on the same chant, reflect the use of two vaults to
support the dome.

Du Fay was in the service of Pope Eugene IV, who officiated at the dedication.

五. Polyphonic Mass 複調彌撒曲


Until 1420, polyphonic settings of the Ordinary texts were usually composed as separate
pieces.

Machaut’s mass was an exception.

Sometimes compilers put movements together into groups.

During the fifteenth century, composers began to set the Ordinary as a coherent whole. 前
後協調一致的大型作品

Dunstable and English composer Leonel Power (d. 1445) led the development.

At first only two sections would be linked together.

Eventually all five of the main items were composed as a cycle.

Kyrie, Gloria, Credo, Santus, Agnus Dei

Plainsong mass

Mass in which each movement is based on an existing chant for that text

Machaut’s mass is an example.

Many were written to be sung at a Lady Mass, dedicated to the Virgin Mary.

Motto mass

Mass in which each movement begins with the same melodic motive

Cantus-firmus mass (also called tenor mass)

Mass in which the same cantus firmus, usually in the tenor, is the basis for all five
movements

The 定旋律 cantus firmus could be a chant or the tenor from a polyphonic secular song.

Sometimes also employs a unifying head-motive

Du Fay’s Missa Se la face ay pale (NAWM 36b, Gloria)

The cantus firmus is the tenor of his own earlier ballade (HWM Example 8.6 and NAWM
36a).

The cantus firmus appears three times, but it is only easily recognized in the third
appearance because the first two are in longer durations.

At the end of “Amen,” the tenor sings the final melisma from the original tenor, and the
other voices borrow from the original as well.

作业布置:聆听 Dufay 重要作品

黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第4周 2021 年 9 月 27-30 日


章 节
名 称
北方的作曲家 佛兰德斯乐派(法荷乐派)
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



文艺复兴的音乐语言 地域性差别




Ockeghem 佛兰德斯乐派




佛兰德斯乐派的风格源头与音乐影响

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程
复习旧课:布艮第音乐发展
导入新课:模仿乐段 point of imitation, 佛兰德斯乐派

重点和难点内容讲解:
一、文艺复兴时期音乐特征与地区的融合
1. 法国主要关注结构与节奏的特质
2. 意大利强调抒情的旋律
3. 英国偏好和谐的影响,特别是三度与六度,直到 19 世纪这些元素之于欧
洲的音乐有着主导地位

二、Ockegham 的作品与风格
三、Josquin 的作品与风格

佛兰德斯乐派(Flemish school)的含义、贡献和代表人物

音乐特征:

(1)强调复调中各声部地位平等,都具有呈现主题的功能。

(2)喜好较为丰满的音响,出现简单的和声结构(三和弦形式完整出现),假低音
技巧和兰迪尼终止式被正格终止和变格终止取代。

(3)弥撒曲以四个声部为主,有时甚至采用五、六个声部,作曲家也常把四声部拆
为二重声部,形成一种对比强烈的二重风格。

代表人物:

奥克冈(J.Ockeghem,约 1425—1497)若斯坎(Josquin des Pres,约 1440~1521)拉索


(Orlando di Lasso,约 1532~1594)

黄冈师范学院教师授课教案
【分页】

周 次 第5周 2021 年 10 月 4-8 日


章 节
1450-1520 年的 Franco-Flanders 作家
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



了解 16 世纪初的 Franco-Flanders 作家



法兰德斯音乐的风格特征



Josquin 与他同时代的作曲家

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程
导入新课:达文西岩石上的胜母
重点和难点内容讲解:

一、Ockegham 之后三位重要作曲家

1、Jacob Obrecht (1457 or 1458–1505), Henricus Isaac (ca. 1450–1517), and


Josquin des Prez (ca. 1450–1521)

2、一般趨勢
聲部可唱性 Singable parts
Each voice equal 聲部均等
Bass became the foundation voice. Tenor 之下的低音部
Full triadic sonorities throughout, sometimes using triads at cadences
沿用之旋律(canus-firmus)出現在所有的聲部.
聖樂的樂種 Sacred genres: mass and motet
世俗樂 Secular genres no longer limited to formes fixes
More untexted (presumably instrumental) works

二、Josquin 的风格特征

以 Josquin 经典作品为例:

1、经文歌 Motets ( Ave Maria . . . virgo serena)

Josquin 时代风格特征:

Texts drawn from Mass Proper or 聖經經文

Music freely composed, i.e., not based on chant

樂句分句 形式 整體組織 清晰

模仿與主調織體 兼容 清晰透明.

导入新课:第一位大师

1、Josquin, 音乐中的米开朗基罗, 生平与音乐。


2、Franco-Flemish 乐派。

重点和难点内容讲解:

一、下一代的 Franco-Flemish composers 法荷乐派

Jacob Obrecht (1457 or 1458–1505), Henricus Isaac (ca. 1450–1517), and Josquin des
Prez (ca. 1450–1521), 低地国出身, 国际化

二、一般趋势

聲部可唱性 Singable parts

Each voice equal 聲部均等

Bass became the foundation voice. Tenor 之下的低音部

Full triadic sonorities throughout, sometimes using triads at cadences

沿用之旋律(canus-firmus)出現在所有的聲部.

聖樂的樂種 Sacred genres: mass and motet

世俗樂 Secular genres no longer limited to formes fixes

More untexted (presumably instrumental) works

三、配词

This generation was concerned with fitting music to the words.

In their compositions, phrases of text could be grasped as an uninterrupted thought.

Printed and handwritten music now had to be more precise in text underlay.

四、Josquin des Prez

Most influential composer of his time

His given name was Josquin Lebloitte; “des Prez” was a nickname.
Probably born in northern France

Served in the chapel of the duke of Anjou in the 1470s

Ca. 1484–89: singer in the duke’s chapel in Milan

1489–95 or later: singer for the Sistine Chapel in Rome

作品包括 Eighteen masses, Over fifty motets, Sixty-five chansons (ten instrumental), Many
other works attributed to him were probably composed by others.

Fame (人文主義,個人的), Martin Luther 稱他為 “音符的大师” in 1538. Glareanus 將他


與 Homer 相較.

五、Ave Maria

歌詞的描摹與表情: Josquin was the first major composer to use music to depict the meaning of
the text.

Ave Maria . . . virgo serena

One of his earliest motets (1485) and one of his most popular

Texture begins with point of imitation then constantly shifts in number of voices and between
imitation and homophony.

The text structure defines the musical sections, with 每個對句 couplet or strophe given unique
treatment.

Rhythmic activity accelerates toward the conclusion of the first section (“驅策至終止式
cadence,” a technique he probably learned from Ockeghem).

2 次拍子轉換提供對比.

The final lines, “O mother of God, remember me. Amen,” are set in simple harmonies in
homophonic texture.

每聲部 1 人

宣敘 語法 語義
作业布置:聆听 Josquin: Ave Maria

黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第6周 10 月 11-15 日
章 节
Josquin 与同时期的 Franco-Flanders 作家
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



了解文艺复兴时期世俗音乐发展情况



Josquin 世俗音乐的特点



同时期的 Franco-Flanders 作家的异同

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


4.讲授法

5.讨论法

6.欣赏法

教学过程
导入新课:女性半身像大师音乐会
重点和难点内容讲解:

一、Josquin

Chansons

New style in this generation

Strophic texts, with virtually no use of the formes fixes

Four- or five-voice texture, all voices meant to be sung

All parts equal

Employ imitation and homophony

二、Josquin Des Prez, Mille regretz (萬千悔恨.)

Attributed to Josquin though perhaps not by him

Representative of his style ca. 1520.

Each new phrase of text receives its own particular treatment; e.g., Example 9.8 sets one
phrase in paired imitation and the next in four-voice imitation.

謠傳為 Charles V 最喜愛之歌曲.

三. Jacob Obrecht

Works: Thirty cantus-firmus masses, Twenty-eight motets,Many chansons,Songs in


Dutch, Instrumental works

比前一世代更加使用声部模仿 Imitation

四. Henricus Isaac

Worked for Lorenzo de’ Medici in Florence and Emperor Maximilian I in Austria.

NAWM 38 (Example 9.6), Innsbruck, ich muss dich lassen 我必須離開你

German secular song: Lied (pl. Lieder)


Composed for court or elite circles but in a folk or popular style

Homophonic with melody in the superius

Strophic

Cadences resolve to triads.

Later became a chorale, O Welt, ich musss dich lassen (O world, I now must leave thee)

Works

作业布置:聆听 Josquin,Obrecht, Issac

黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第7周 10 月 18-22 日
章 节
宗教改革与其对应
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



宗教改革与其对应造成音乐的流变




各派别对音乐看法



新旧教的异同

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


7.讲授法

8.讨论法

9.欣赏法

教学过程
复习旧课:Josquin 音乐
导入新课:马丁路德
重点和难点内容讲解:
一、16 世紀之新教徒改革 Protestant
A. 马丁路德 与路德会音乐
1. Texts were in the 地方話, but much of the Catholic liturgy was retained.
Churches were free to use music as they wished.
Large churches with trained choirs kept much of the Latin liturgy and polyphony.
Smaller churches used Luther’s 德文彌撒 Deutsche Messe (German Mass, 1526)
Followed main outlines of the Roman Mass
2. Replaced most musical elements with German hymns (chorales) 众赞曲

B、克尔文与克尔文教会
1. Calvin stripped churches and services of possible distractions from worship, including
decorations, ceremony, and polyphony.
2. Psalms 聖詩
Psalms rewritten for congregational singing with meter, strophes, and rhymes are known
as “metrical” psalms.

C、英国国教。
1. Henry VIII (r. 1505–47, Figure 10.4) wanted to annul his marriage in order to try to
have a male heir with a new wife.
In 1534 he persuaded Parliament to separate from Rome so he could get an annulment,
creating the Anglican Church, or Church of England.
Henry VIII’s new church retained Catholic doctrine.
2. Anthem
English equivalent of motet
Sung by the choir
Texts come from the Bible or the Book of Common Prayer
Full anthem: unaccompanied, contrapuntal
Verse anthem: for solo voice(s) with organ or viol accompaniment, alternating with
passages for full choir doubled by instruments
 

作业布置:聆听各新教教会音乐

 
黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第8周 10 月 25-29 日
章 节
16 世紀世俗音樂 Madrigal 與其他
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



了解 16 世紀世俗音樂 Madrigal 與其他世俗歌曲



16 世紀世俗音樂 Madrigal 與其他世俗歌曲特征



世俗音乐的特性

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


10.讲授法

11.讨论法

12.欣赏法

教学过程
 

复习旧课:文艺复兴时期的晚期教会音乐变革
导入新课:鲁特琴弹奏者(油画)
重点和难点内容讲解:
1、商业音乐开端
Music printing
Made possible a much wider dissemination of music
Allowed music to be sold as 商品
Catered to the growing demands of amateur musicians
The ability to read and perform music became a 社交時尚 .
Among 貴族 first
Eventually also among 中產階級
Paintings show people reading from published music, usually part-books (Figure 11.1).
Amateurs constituted an eager market for a variety of secular genres.

2、业余爱好者
业余爱好者的需求: 地方話 世俗音樂
主調織體 (Homophonic)容易演唱之樂種 流行於 Spain and Italy.
The madrigal was an outlet for an interest in humanism, first in Italy and later in
England.

3、意大利 Frotolla
Italian counterpart to the villancico
Four-part strophic song set syllabically and homophonically.
Melody in the upper voice
Simple harmony
Marked rhythmic patterns
No fixed form, though several subtypes and specific forms

4, 西班牙 Villancico
Ferdinand and Isabella encouraged Spanish music, especially the villancico.
The villancico
The name of the genre 原意為農民(villano).
The audience/market was the elite class, but the texts were 鄉村與流行風.
The music was 簡短疊歌, 音節配音符 syllabic, 且大多為主調織體 homophonic, 與
Franco-Flemish style 大相逕庭.
Villancicos were often published for voice with lute.
業餘者的需要, 商業音樂
5、意大利牧歌 Madrigal
The most important secular genre of the sixteenth century
Composers 以音樂豐富了歌詞的意義與力量.
The genre became an experimental vehicle for dramatic characterization, inspiring new
compositional devices.
Form
Single stanza with no refrains or repeated lines
The music is through-composed(通譜的), with new music for every line of poetry.

六, 牧歌发展
1. Jacques Arcadelt (ca. 1507–1568)
Franco-Flemish composer working in Florence and Rome from the 1520s to 1551.
His Il bianco e dolce cigno 白而甜美的天鵝 (NAWM 50), published in 1538, is one of
the most famous of the early madrigals.
歌詞隱喻 性高潮 (“the little death”欲仙欲死) in the words “dying fills me fully with
joy and desire.”
A string of imitative entrances portrays the words “thousand deaths a day” (“mille mort’
il di”).

2. 佩特拉克与 Adrian Willaert


Associated major thirds and sixths with harshness or bitterness, and minor intervals with
sweetness or grief
Aspro core e selvaggio, Petrarch’s poem about a “harsh and savage heart,” uses major
intervals and whole steps for harshness (HMW Example 11.2a) and minor intervals to
portray the lover’s “sweet, humble, angelic face” (HMW Example 11.2b).

3. Cipriano de Rore (1516–1565) (see HWM Figure 11.3)


The leading madrigal composer at mid-century
Flemish, working in Ferrara, Parma, and at St. Mark’s in Venice (succeeding Willaert as
music director)
Profoundly interested in humanism and in ideas from ancient Greek music
Ancor che por partire, demonstrates his sensitivity to the text (a poem by Alfonso
d'Avalos (1502-1546).

4. Carlo Gesualdo (ca. 1561–1613)


A rare aristocratic composer who published his music
Infamous for killing his wife and her lover when he discovered them in bed together
His madrigals dramatize the poetry through sharp contrasts, e.g., between diatonic and
chromatic pitches, chordal and imitative textures, slow and quick rhythms.
Io parto (NAWM 53 and HWM Example 11.4) exemplifies all these types of contrasts
used to portray individual words (e.g., vivo son portrays a return to life with fast,
diatonic, imitative figures).
5. 法国 新 Chanson
Claudin de Sermisy (ca.1490–1562)
His chansons were very popular and even appeared in paintings, such as HWM Figure
11.4.
Tant que vivray (NAWM 54 and HWM Example 11.5)
Similar in style to the frottola and villancico, with the melody in the top voice and
simple harmony
The form of the poetry is emphasized by long notes or repeated notes at the end of each
line.

作业布置:聆听各类世俗音乐
黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第 10 周 11 月 8-12 日
章 节
文艺复兴时期器乐
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



了解文艺复兴时期器乐发展



文艺复兴时期器乐特征种类



不同乐器语法与表达方式

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程

复习旧课:文艺复兴世俗音乐
导入新课:亨德尔的《哈利路亚》
重点和难点内容讲解:
一、文艺复兴器乐一般趋势
1. Books in the vernacular described instruments and offered instruction.
Musica getutscht und ausgezogen (Music Explained) by Sebastian Virdung, Germany,
1511, was the first.
2. Michael Praetorius’s (ca. 1571–1621) Syntagma musicum (A Systematic Treatise of
Music, 1618) includes woodcut illustrations of instruments of the time (Figure 12.1).
Haut and bas (high and low) 代表大聲與小聲.

二、大声乐器 管乐打击乐

三、小声乐器 弦乐键盘乐

四、器乐种类
A, 舞曲 Dance music
1. Social dancing was important for people of “breeding” (see HWM Music in Context:
Social Dance, page 271).
2. Instruments at first used vocal models for music.
如在中世紀, 音樂家即興, but music in improvisational style was printed in books.
3. Composed for ensemble, lute, or keyboard
4. 裝飾旋律線 was a common technique.
5. 低音之上加一個或多個對位聲部
6. Works for lute or keyboard became 風格化(藝術化), 不見得真的用於舞蹈.
7. Each dance has a unique character, defined by meter, tempo, rhythmic pattern, and
form.
8. Form usually consisted of repeated sections of four-measure phrases.

B. 改編聲樂曲 Arrangements of vocal music


1. Some music was labeled “唱與彈”
2. 以樂器演奏時, 加裝飾音.
3. Intabulations 圖表譜: arrangements of music notated in tablature
4. Used for plucked and keyboard instruments
5. Because plucked instruments could not sustain pitches, arrangers adapted pieces to
compensate.
6. Luys de Narváez (fl. 1526–1549) published a version of Josquin’s Mille regretz
(NAWM 60, based on NAWM 41) using figures such as runs and turns to fill in long
notes.
作业布置:聆听 Josquin/Narvaez: 皇帝之歌

黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第 11 周 11 月 15-19 日
章 节
17 世纪政治社会艺术—概述
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



了解新时期的发展源头



17 世纪艺术音乐特征



17 世纪 (巴洛克)与文艺复兴音乐的不同点

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程
复习旧课:回顾文艺复兴时期的艺术特点
导入新课:通过时间线了解 17 世纪重要事件
重点和难点内容讲解:

一、从文艺复兴到巴洛克时间划分及文化特质
1、意大利主导: Flemish ars perfecta 的结束, catholicism, Italian popes, 彻底的人文主
义, 世俗化, learned vs nature; 经验主义与具象 (包括情感) vs 象征; 戏剧的时代; 乐
团的时代; continuo 的时代
希腊美学的再生 彻底的人文主义 vs Ars Perfecta
Neoclassicism vs Baroque (贬抑之词, 第 1 次用于形容音乐在 18 世纪 Rameau)
The affections (i.e., 灵魂的情感状态)
People believed that spirits or “humors” in the body harbored emotions.
Music could bring these humors into better balance.
Contrasting sections that depicted different moods helped balance the humors.
Instrumental music portrayed generic emotions.
Vocal music conveyed the emotions of the text, character, or dramatic situation.

二、The Florence Camerata


1. 1580s, Florence 學者 研討文學科學藝術.
以 Count Bardi 為主事者, the man who had conceived the theme of the 1589 intermedii
(插劇).
2. Members included Vincenzo Galilei (ca. 1520–1591), theorist and composer, father of
the famous astronomer.
3. Giulio Caccini (ca. 1550–1618), one of the composers of the 1589 intermedii, was a
member.
4. 1589 Ferdinand de’ Medici 與 Christine of Lorraine 的婚禮, composers wrote
intermedii on the theme of the power of ancient Greek music.
5. These composers would later write the earliest operas.

三、希腊悲剧作模型
Girolamo Mei (1589–1594) 認為所有台詞都是用唱的.
He read ancient treatises in the original Greek.
He concluded that Greek music 單旋律.
The melody could be sung by 獨唱或合唱 伴奏或無.
He persuaded others to his viewpoint via letters.
Vincenzo Galilei’s Dialogo della musica antica et della moderna (Dialogue of Ancient
and Modern Music, 1581)
Galilei argued against 複調對位與 Madrigalism.
He believed the 獨唱的旋律最適合情感表達.
好的演說者的自然演說 were the model.
The term for 帶伴奏的聲樂, including the type described by Galilei, is monody.

四, Intermedio (插剧) was the most direct 歌剧前身.


Musical interludes before, after, and between the acts of plays
There were usually six for each play.
Subjects were pastoral, allegorical, or mythological.
For special occasions they could be very elaborate, including chorus, dance numbers,
costumes, and staged effects.
Music was embellished in performance.

五, 新音乐
Caccini’s Le nuove musice (新音樂 1602)
Collection of songs (arias) in monody and solo madrigals
The introduction describes ornaments and their use.
Ornamentation enhances the message of the text.
Example: Amarilli, mia bella (Amarilli, 我親愛的 Figure 13.9) premiered in Bardi’s
Camerata.

作业布置:聆听 Caccini: Amarilli, mia bella


黄冈师范学院教师授课教案
【分页】

周 次 第 12 周 11 月 22-26 日
章 节
名 称
歌剧诞生与发展
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时




歌剧诞生与发展介绍



歌剧 从贵族娱乐到商业模式



Monteverdi 第歌剧

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程

复习旧课:歌剧的源头
导入新课:欧菲尔序曲 Monteverdi
重点和难点内容讲解:

一、简述早期歌剧
(一) 第一首歌剧 Dafne (1598)
Poetry by Ottavio Rinuccini, music by singer-composer Jacopo Peri

(二) L’Euridice, 1600


宣敘風格
Aria, for singing strophic poetry (NAWM 65a)叠歌
Same as sixteenth-century song styles 基于一基底
Ritornellos, 器乐的副歌, separate the strophes.
歌舞(NAWM 65b)
Dance-song or canzonetta style
Framed by a sinfonia, 纯器乐曲作为导奏
Recitative (NAWM 65c)
Dafne (Euridice’s maid) tells Orfeo that Euridice has died from a snake bite.
Orfeo 的反应(Example 14.3) portrays grief and shock through 挂留音, 半音变化, 与休
止.
并非真的希腊悲剧!! 轻松的婚礼高级娱乐

(三) Monteverdi: 欧菲尔 (1607)


第二幕结构
Monteverdi’s first opera, produced in Mantua for the Carnival
Libretto
Five acts, each ending with a vocal ensemble that comments on the action, like a Greek
chorus
The centerpiece of each act is an aria sung by Orfeo.
Monteverdi specified instruments (more than 40!) in his score.
Recorders, cornetts, trumpets, trombones, strings, and continuo
A regal, a buzzy-sounding reed organ, portrays the underworld.
Monody styles
Arias are strophic, but strophes are varied to reflect the text (strophic variation).
Recitative style varies depending on the situation in the drama.
Ensembles and choruses provide contrast, with ritornellos as division points.

二, 大众歌剧
Operas for public theaters in Venice
The first public theater opened in 1637.
Ritorno d’Ulisse (Return of Ulysses, 1640), based on Homer’s Odyssey
L’Incoronazione di Poppea (Poppea 的加冕, 1643)
Based on a historical subject, Roman emperor Nero’s second marriage, rather than myth
Often considered Monteverdi’s masterpiece because of its expressiveness
二重唱 Pur ti miro.

作业布置:熟记早期歌剧的改变
黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第13周 11 月 29 日-12 月 3 日
章 节
威尼斯乐派与 17 世纪教堂音乐
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



威尼斯风格与影响


学 17 世纪主要教堂乐



区别大型教堂音乐

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西
体使 方音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程

复习旧课:歌剧诞生与发展
导入新课:聆听 Jepthe (ca. 1648), by Carissimi
重点和难点内容讲解:
一、威尼斯乐派
圣马可教堂 Church of St. Mark
The private chapel of the doge
The location of great civic and religious ceremonies (Figure 12.8)
The position of choirmaster was the most coveted musical post in Italy.
Willaert, Rore, and Zarlino held the post in the sixteenth century.
Monteverdi held the post in the seventeenth century. Cori spezzati 多合唱團樂曲 (對唱
對比)
Giovanni Gabrieli (ca. 1555–1612) 風琴師(Andrea 的姪子)
Oratorio 神劇
Definition: religious dramatic music incorporating narrative, dialogue, and commentary
The text was in Latin or Italian.
Called “oratorio” 於 oratorio (oratory) 演出, where people met for nonliturgical
worship.
Developed in Rome in the seventeenth century

Jepthe (ca. 1648), by Carissimi, exemplifies the midcentury oratorio.


Biblically-based libretto (Judges 11:29–40) with paraphrasing and added material
Jephte promises God that he will sacrifice whatever creature first greets him on his
return home if God will help him defeat the Ammonites.
The narrator introduces the story and describes the action in recitative.
Stile concitato helps to depict the battle scene.
In NAWM 71, Jeptha’s daughter laments her impending death, accompanied by two
sopranos and a small vocal ensemble, using rhetorical devices such as a descending
tetrachord in the bass.

二、路德教会音乐
Heinrich Schütz (1585–1672)

作业布置:聆听 Gabrielli, Carrisimi, Schütz 各一首神剧


黄冈师范学院教师授课教案
【分页】

周 次 第 14 周 12 月 6-10 日
章 节
名 称 室乐与教堂乐
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



了解 17 世纪音乐基本分类



歌剧主导下的室乐与教堂乐发展



交响乐之父的冠名由来

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程

复习旧课:新旧教教堂音乐
导入新课:Strozzi: Lagrime Mie 视频
重点和难点内容讲解:
一、意大利室乐
1、世俗音乐 in concertato style 协唱风, Monteverdi 牧歌集

2、Cantata 清唱套曲
Definition
Originally simply “唱的曲子” (from the Italian cantare)
By mid-seventeenth century, the term was used for a secular composition on a lyrical or
dramatic text, usually for 独唱+ continuo, 包含若干个 recitative 与 aria.
Main composers: Rossi, Cesti, Carissimi, and Barbara Strozzi
Strozzi: Lagrime Mie 我的泪

3、意大利 17 世纪器乐
Abstract genres carried over from the sixteenth century were the main focus, but 声乐风
格充满于器乐.
感情 affections 的激动
专注于独奏 soloist 于炫技的装饰
引用声乐风格 such as recitative and arias
Violin music imitated the voice and absorbed many vocal techniques.

4、器乐分类方式
By performing forces
独奏 Solo works (for keyboard, lute, theorbo, guitar, etc.)
重奏 Chamber works, for soloist or small group with continuo
大合奏 Large-ensemble works, with two or more players per part (more important after
1650)
By venue or social function
Church 圣乐
Chamber 室乐
Theater 剧乐 (e.g., movements in ballets and operas)
By nationality
Composers in each region preferred certain stylistic elements.
Composers sometimes borrowed and blended styles from other lands.

5、Giralamo Frescobaldi (1583–1643) and the toccata 触技曲


6、Johann Jacob Froberger (1616–1667) was Frescobaldi’s most famous student.
作业布置:欣赏 Strozzi, Frescobaldi, Froberger 作品
黄冈师范学院教师授课教案(参考格式)
【分页】

周 次 第 15 周 12 月 13-17 日
章 节
17 世纪中 民族风格与国际风
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时


学 了解 17 世纪中, 各国音乐特殊风格与国际融合



法国歌剧与器乐组曲, 意大利器乐与奏鸣曲



风格的判别

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西
体使 方音乐史 QQ 学习群


1.讲授法

2.讨论法

3.欣赏法

教学过程

复习旧课:Strozzi 与女性音乐家地位
导入新课:序曲
重点和难点内容讲解:
1、法国
路易 14, Louis XIV (r. 1643–1715)古典主义者
France was under the rule of Louis’ Austrian mother and her Italian lover, Cardinal
Mazarin, until 1661.
Louis 以艺术巩固其统治.
以太阳王显现其力量 (“The Sun King”),将自己型塑成 Apollo in visual arts.
吕利 Jean-Baptiste Lully (1632–1687) 法式 opera, Overture.
拉莫
Denis Gaultier (1603–1672) 鲁特组曲
法国作曲家将 Allemande, Courante, Sarabande, Gigue 等核心舞曲, 组成组曲.

2、英国
共和时期与普塞尔 Henry Purcell’s (1659–1695) 的戏剧音乐 dramatic music
Dido 与 Aeneas, 1689

3、意大利
北 Italy 继续为音乐发展的中心.
Venice continued to be an important center for opera because of its public opera houses.
Naples, Florence, and Rome also fostered opera.
Arias 地位更重要 成为超级歌手炫技的器皿.
The average number of arias per opera increased to around sixty by the 1670s.
Forms included strophic, ground bass, rondo, and ABA (da capo).
The da capo aria became the favorite type because it offered an opportunity for
embellishment in the repeat (see below).
The accompaniment often portrayed feelings or moods.

作业布置:
三重奏鸣曲与组曲
黄冈师范学院教师授课教案
【分页】

周 次 第 16 周 12 月 20-24 日
章 节
复习
名 称
授 课 授课学
理论课(√);实验课( ) 2
方 式 时



复习本学期后半重要知识点



十七世纪 歌剧兴起与演变 器乐的发展



Monteverdi, Frescolbaldi, Caccini

教具
和媒 多媒体、Bilibili 西方音乐史 I 从文艺复兴时期到 18 世纪 聆听曲目、西方
体使 音乐史 QQ 学习群


 讲授法

 讨论法

 欣赏法

教学过程

(一)、威尼斯乐派*
定义,代表人物,创作体裁
一、 巴罗克时期的音乐
概述:
时期的划分和词源,总体特征。
巴罗克音乐的特点*
两种常规,通奏低音,单声歌曲
歌剧的诞生及其早期的发展
定义,从第一部歌剧的诞生到 17 世纪中的商业歌剧,英法德的早期歌剧
器乐的发展
弦乐器为主的器乐曲
键盘乐器为主的器乐曲
巴罗克早期的几位大师
Monteverdi*,Caccini*,Frescobaldi,Strozzi

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