A.

Different Important Vaccines

 Chickenpox (varicella) vaccine
 Diphtheria, tetanus, and pertussis vaccine (DTaP)
 Hepatitis A vaccine (HepA)
 Hepatitis B vaccine (HepB)
 Hib vaccine
 Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine
 Influenza vaccine
 Measles, mumps, and rubella vaccine (MMR)
 Meningococcal vaccines
 Pneumococcal vaccine (PCV)
 Polio vaccine (IPV)
 Rotavirus vaccine

B. Schedule of Vaccination
Name of Vaccine Age How many shots?

A second at 1–2 months, a third at 6–

Hepatitis B Birth
18 months

A second at 4 months, a third at 6

Rotavirus (RV) 2 months
months

A second at 4 months, a third at 6

Diphtheria, tetanus, and
2 months months, a fourth at 16–18 months;
whooping cough (DTaP)
then every 10 years

Haemophilus influenzae A second at 4 months, a third at 6

2 months
type b (Hib) months, a fourth at 12–15 months

A second at 4 months, a third at 6

Pneumococcal conjugate
2 months months, a fourth between months 12
vaccine PCV13
and 15

Inactivated Polio Vaccine A second at 4 months, a third at 6–18

2 months
(IPV) months, a fourth at 4 to 6 years

Influenza 6 months Repeat yearly

Measles, mumps, and 12–15

A second at 4–6 years
rubella (MMR) months

12–15
Varicella A second at 4–6 years
months
 12–23
Hepatitis A A second at 6 months after the first
months

Human papillomavirus 11–12 years

2-shot series 6 months apart
(HPV) old

Meningococcal conjugate 11–12 years

Booster at 16 years old
(MenACWY) old

serogroup B 16–18 years

meningococcal (MenB) old

19–65+ years
Pneumococcal (PPSV23)
old

Herpes zoster (Shingles— two doses at

RZV formulation) 50 years old

C. Misconceptions on vaccination
The “Disappeared Diseases” Misconception
Some people assume that because diseases like polio have disappeared from the United States, it’s no
longer necessary to vaccinate children against them. However, polio is still widespread in other parts
of the world, and could easily begin re-infecting unprotected individuals if it were re-introduced to
the country.

The “Natural Immunity Is Better Than Vaccine-acquired

Immunity” Misconception
Some people argue that the immunity gained from surviving a natural infection provides better
protection than that provided by vaccines. While it’s true that natural immunity lasts longer in some
cases than vaccine-induced immunity can, the risks of natural infection outweigh the risks of
immunization for every recommended vaccine.
 The “Hygiene and Better Nutrition Are Responsible for the
Reduction in Disease Rates, Not Vaccination” Misconception
Improved hygiene and nutrition, among other factors, can certainly lower the incidence of some
diseases. Data documenting the number of cases of a disease before and after the introduction of a
vaccine, however, demonstrate that vaccines are overwhelmingly responsible for the largest drops in
disease rates. 

D. Advantages of Vaccination

Top 10 Reasons to Protect Children Through Vaccination

• Parents want to do everything possible to make sure their children are healthy and protected
from preventable diseases. Vaccination is the best way to do that.

• Vaccination protects children from serious illness and complications of vaccine-preventable

diseases which can include amputation of an arm or leg, paralysis of limbs, hearing loss,
convulsions, brain damage, and death.

• Vaccine-preventable diseases, such as measles, mumps, and whooping cough, are still a

threat. They continue to infect U.S. children, resulting in hospitalizations and deaths every
year.

• Though vaccination has led to a dramatic decline in the number of U.S. cases of several
infectious diseases, some of these diseases are quite common in other countries and are
brought to the U.S. by international travelers. If children are not vaccinated, they could easily
get one of these diseases from a traveler or while traveling themselves.

• Outbreaks of preventable diseases occur when many parents decide not to vaccinate their
children.

• Vaccination is safe and effective. All vaccines undergo long and careful review by scientists,
doctors, and the federal government to make sure they are safe.

• Organizations such as the American Academy of Pediatrics, the American Academy of Family
Physicians, and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention all strongly support
protecting children with recommended vaccinations.

• Vaccination protects others you care about, including family members, friends, and
grandparents.

• If children aren’t vaccinated, they can spread disease to other children who are too young to
be vaccinated or to people with weakened immune systems, such as transplant recipients
and people with cancer. This could result in long-term complications and even death for
 these vulnerable people.

• We all have a public health commitment to our communities to protect each other and each
other’s children by vaccinating our own family members.

Reference: Pearl, E. & Joseph, B. (2019). Your Child’s Immunization. Retrieved from
https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/vaccine.html

Boulanger, A. (2019). Everything You Need to Know about Vaccinations. Retrieved from
https://www.healthline.com/health/vaccinations