Vidyamandir Classes

Illuminati - 2019
Solutions to Advanced Physics Assignment -2B
Liquids, POM, Thermodynamics, SHM & Waves
SINGLE OPTION CORRECT TYPE

1.(C) Vertical component of force of surface tension on liquid   2r cos   

Work done by this force during capillary rise  W   2r cos    h
2 cos  2 cos  4 2 cos 2 
Where h   W   2 r cos    
r g r g g
2 2
h  gh  r gh
2

Potential energy increase  P  mg    r 2 h     
 2 
 
2
22 cos 2  2 cos 2 
2
 P Heat liberated  W  P 
g g
2.(C) For a string vibrating in its nth overtone [ (n  1)th harmonic]
 (n  1)x 
y  2 A sin   cos t
 L 
l   4 l  
For x  , 2 A  a and n  3; y   a sin  .   cos t
3   l 3 
4  3 l 3a
 a.sin cos t   a.   cos t i.e. at x  ; the amplitude is .
3  2  3 2
V
3.(A) V  V  ,  
V
 V 
Stress   B
 V 
P  B
F
 B
R 2
F  BR 2
F BR 2
Tensile stress  
2Rt 2Rt
 BR 
Tensile stress   
 2t 
1
4.(A) Average kinetic energy with respect to space  kA2
3
1
Average potential energy with respect to space  kA2
6
1 2
Average kinetic energy with respect to time  kA
4
1
Average potential energy with respect to time  kA2
4

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1
5.(C)   mean free path 
2 nd 2
N p
Where, n  
V k BT
kB  T 2 kB  T 2 p1d 2
  So,  
2   p  d 2 1 2   p  d 2 k BT1

2 p1 p1 9.5  108  p1
   2  1    9.5  106 m
1 p2 p2  p1 
 
 100 
6.(B) Relative to liquid, the velocity of sphere is 2v0 (upwards).
 Viscous force on sphere = 6r (2V0 ) (downwards)  12rv0 (downwards)

7.(A) Rate of cooling of a body is the ratio of radiation power emitted by body and its heat capacity. As dimensions,
surface material and temperature are equal the radiation power of both spheres will be same but heat capacity of
hollow sphere is less so it will cool at a faster rate.
pm
8.(C) dp  gdh    gdh
kT
 mg 
dp
p H mg  h
 
p0 p

0 kT   dh  p  p0 e  kT 

m  mass till infinite length of column of area A


 mh  mass till height h of column column of area A
m g
P0 
A
mgh
Ph 
 m  mh  g 
m g 
e kT
A A
mgh
mh 
kT
1 e
m
mgh
mh nh 
kT
  1 e
m n
l
9.(C) The time period of free oscillation of pendulum T  2  2s
g
T
Time taken by bob to go from extreme position A to mean position B is 
4
Time taken by bob to move from mean position B to position C (where its angular
displacement  is half the angular amplitude  ) is found from equation
 2 
  sin  t 
T 
T
Solving we get t 
12
T T  2 4
 Total time period of oscillation is  2    T  s
 4 12  3 3
1
10.(D) Path difference (x)  50cm  m
2
2 2 1
 Phase difference due to path difference    x     
 1 2
 4
Total phase difference      A  a 2  a 2  2a 2 cos(4 / 3)  a
3 3

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11.(D) Pressure at S is less than atm pressure PS  P0  g  H  h 

So, mercury will not come out.
12.(C) As the volume of both are same, according to the thermal expansion concept, the change in volume is proportional
to the total volume enclosed by the material hence it will be same for both spheres.
13.(C) Q  U  W
p V
 U  Q  W  540 
J
1.013  105 (1671  1)  106
 U  540   540  39.7  500 cal
4.2
14.(B) On rising up as g decreases the time period of the pendulum increases and clock will slow down and start loosing
time, time lost per unit time can be given as dT/T = (1/2)dg/g here g = GM//R2 and verify that option (B) is correct.
15.(D) At x  0 the phase difference should be  for destructive interference
Alternate solution
We use y2  a cos(t  kx  0 )
Resultant after superposition is
    
  0   0  

y  y1  y2  a cos(t  kx  )  a cos(t  kx  0 )  2a cos t  3   cos  kx 
3

3  2   2 
   

0 
 y  0 at x  0 for any t  kx  3   at x  0
2 2
4 4
 0  .Hence y2  a cos(t  kx  )
3 3
16.(C) The maximum static frictional force is f  mg cos   2 tan  mg cos   2mg sin 
Applying Newton’s second law to block at lower extreme position, we have f  mg sin   m2 A
k 3mg sin 
 2 A  g sin  As    A
3m k
17.(B) To produce 5 beats/sec. Frequency of one wire should be increase up to 505 Hz. i.e. increment of 1% in basic
frequency.
T n
n  T or T  n 2  2
T n
 percentage change in Tension = 2(1%) = 2%
C 0 N  100 x x  100
18.(C) As,   
100  0 400  100 100 300
x  100
 x  x  50C
3
19.(C) At 4°C density of water is maximum so when heat is conducted and temperature of water at different regions
become 4°C, it settles down at bottom and when temperature further falls below 4°C its density decreases and it
will float above so 0°C will attain first at the region in between and at top.
dQ
20.(A) For chamber :  k  1  0   k  2  0   1  2
dt
For heater :
dQ
dt
  
 e1 A T14  14  e2 A T24  24   1  2
e1  e2  T1  T2

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ONE OR MORE THAN ONE OPTIONS CORRECT TYPE

21.(AD) v1  2 gh v2  2 g  h  H 
1 2
x  v1t1  v2t2 and y h gt1
2
1
and y  h  H  gt22
2
The point of intersection will remain at the same place if the level of water in the vessel does not change.
That means Q  A1v1  A2v2
Q
or Q  a  v1  v2  , v1  v2 
a
Q Q
 2 gh  2 g  h  H   , 2 g  h  H    2 gh
a a
On squaring both sides, we get
Q2 Q
2 gh  2 gH  2
 2 gh  2 2 gh
a a
Q Q2  140  1402
2 2 gh  2  2 gH , 2  2  980  h   2  980  50
a a  0.2  (0.2)2
 h  40 cm  v1  2  980  h  280 cms 1
and v2  2  980  40  50   420 cms1
v2 420 3
t1  t2  t2  t2
v1 280 2
1 9 1
 y  40   980  t22  40  50   980t22
2 4 2
1  5   4  2
 980  t22   50  t2     s
2 4   49  7
3 3
 t1  s  x  v1t1   280     120 cm
7 7
1 1  9 
and y  h  gt12  40   980     130 cm
2 2  49 

1 F 1 F
22.(ABCD) f0  
2L  2L  A
Where, F = tension
  mass per unit length
F  L   L 
Stress   Y (Strain)  Y   Y   Y 
A  L   L 
1 Y  1 
 f0   f0   Y   
2L  L 

23.(BCD) Due to the pseudo force on block (considered external) its mean position will shift to a distance mg/K
above natural length of spring as net force now is mg in upward direction. So total distance of block from
new mean position is 2mg/K which will be the amplitude of oscillations hence option (C) is correct.
During oscillations spring will pass through the natural length hence option (D) is correct As block is
oscillating under spring force and other constant forces which do not affect the SHM frequency hence
option (B) is correct.

24.(ABCD) By Dulong-petit law, molar specific heat of crystalline solids is 3R

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25.(BD) r   r 1  T 
d   d 1  T 
The total length will also increase    1  T 
As length and radius increases by same factor, their ratio (angle) remains same.

26.(BCD) When stationary gh  P

When accelerating upwards   g  a  h1  P  h1  h
When accelerating downwards   g  a  h 2  P  h2  h
When moving with constant velocity  gh 3  P  h3  h
f 5
27.(BD) KE for an ideal gas  nRT  nRT
2 2
Also, KE of gas w.r.t. ground = KE of COM w.r.t. ground + KE of gas w.r.t. COM of system
1 5
 mv 2  nRT
2 2
28.(AC) When the two waves superpose then the maximum amplitude will be 4 + 3 = 7 and minimum will be
4 – 3 =1 hence the ratio of maximum to minimum intensity will be 49 and as the frequencies of the two
waves are 200 Hz and 202 Hz the beat frequency will be 2Hz.
29.(AC) Volume decreases during melting of ice.
 Positive work is done on the ice-water system by the atmosphere
Heat is absorbed by ice-water system. So, internal energy increases.

k k
30.(ABC) '  ; v1  x0
m1 m1  m2

k m1
 ' A'  x0 ; A'  x0
m1  m2 m1  m2

PARAGRAPH TYPE

31.(B) Since the vessel network is symmetrical, flow in a vessel of level i + 1 is half the flow in a vessel of
level i.
N 1 N 1
R
In this way, we can sum the pressure differences in all levels : P   Qi Ri  Q0  2ii
i0 i0
N 1 n 1 4i / 3
8  8 0 2 8 0
Introducing the radii dependences yields P  Q0  2i ir 4  Q0
r04
 2i 2i / 3  Q0 N r04
i 0 i i 0

r04
Therefore Q0  P
8 N  0
r04
Hence, the flow rate for a vessel network in level i is Qi  P
2i  3 N  0 
32.(C) Replace values in the formula and change units appropriately
Pr04 (55  30)  1.013  105  3.1415  (6.0 105 )4
Q0   3 3
 4  1010 m3 s
8 N  0 760  48  2.0  10  3.5 10
To obtain the final value in the requested units : Q0 1.5 m / h

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 V  V1   f '' f 0 
33.(B) f ''  f 0  , V  1050  0.1
 V  V  
 f 0 
 1

f '' f 0 2V1
  0.1
f0 V  V1
V1  50 m/sec.

34.(A)

 V  50   V  V2 
f ''  f '  f '  f0 
 V  V  
 2   V  50 
 (V  V2 ) (V0  50) 
f ''  f 0   1.21 f 0 [21% greater then sent waves]
 (V  V ) (V  50 
 2 
Get V2  50 m/sec toward Indian submarine.
V wrt to observer V  V2 V  50
35.(B)  '   
f' (V  V2 ) f0
f0
(V  50)
V  50 (V  V2 )(V  50)
 ''  
(V  V2 ) (V  50) f 0 (V  V2 )
f0
(V  V2 ) (V  50
' V1  V2 1050  50
   1.1
 '' V  V2 1050  50

36.(D) Since the piston is pushed very quickly from

position 1 to position 2, the process AB is an
adiabatic compression. Process BC is isochoric
and process CA is an isothermal expansion.
These are shown on the P-V diagram the P-V
diagram correctly in option (D).

37.(A) If W is the work done in the whole cycle, we have Q  W  U

But U  0 for the entire cycle. Hence, W  Q  mL 100  80  8000 cal  8kcal

38.(C) Take x-axis along AB and origin at A. Let AP  x, then PB  (3l  x)


The force on the particle of mass m at P is F given by
  mg   mg  3l  x    3mg  3mg
F  2  ( x )    x   3mg  x  (l  x)
 l  l  x   l  l
d 2x 3mg
Hence, the equation of motion of mass m is: m 2
 (l  x)  m2 (l  x)
dt l
2
Where   3 g / l
l
This is a simple harmonic motion of period T  2 .
3g

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The mean position is at the point x  l (i.e.) at O, where AO  l.


Now, for point A, displacement  l and hence v A2  2  a 2  (l ) 2   2 a 2  l 2 
3g
Now, v A  3 gl (given) and hence v A2  9 gl  (a 2  l 2 )
l
2 2
a  4l or a  2l
a
39.(B) OB  2l. O is the mean-position, B is the amplitude point. Also | AP | l 
2
a
Hence, the time t from A to O is given by  a sin t
2
   T T
Given t   t   
6 6 6 2 12
T T T
Hence, time from A to B   
12 4 3
40.(A) Since, B is the amplitude point, the instantaneous velocity at B  vB  0.
dT 4
41.(B) For r  RT , the conservation of energy implies that 4r 2 ( k )  P r 3
dr 3
Pr 2
Therefore, the temperature difference to 37C  310.15K , T (r ) , is given by T (r )   C
6k
Where C is a constant
dT 4
For r  RT , the conservation of energy implies that 4r 2 ( k )  P RT3
dr 3
PRT3
Therefore, the temperature difference to 37C is T (r ) 
3kr
In this case there is no constant, since very far away the increase in temperature is zero.
PRT2
Matching the two solutions at r  RT gives C 
2k
Therefore the temperature at the centre of the tumour, in SI units, is
PRT2
Temperature : 310.15 
2k
42.(A) The increase in temperature at the turmour surface (the lower temperature in the tumour) is
PRT2
T ( RT ) 
3k
3Tk 3 6  0.6
This increase should be equal to 6.0 K. Therefore P  2
 2
 4.3 kW / m3
RT 0.05
43.(A) Let p(z) denote the pressure of air at height z ; then, according tone of the assumptions p(z) = p(0)
 Air gz , where p(0) is the atmospheric pressure at zero altitude.
Throughout the chimney the Bernoulli law applies, that is, we can write
1
 Smoke v( z ) 2   Smoke gz  pSmoke ( z )  const., (1)
2
where pSmoke ( z ) is the pressure of smoke at height z,  Smoke is its density, and v(z) denotes the velocity
of smoke ; here we have used the assumption that the density of smoke does not very throughout the
chimney. Now we apply this equation at two points, (i) in the furnace, that is at point z    , where 
is a negligibly small positive number, and (ii) at the top of the chimney where z = h to obtain
1
 Smoke v(h) 2   Smoke gh  pSmoke (h)  pSmoke () (2)
2

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On the right hand side we have used the assumption that the velocity of gases in the furnace is negligible
(and  Smoke g   0 ).
We are interested in the minimal height at which the chimney will operate. The pressure of smoke at the
top of the chimney has to be equal or larger than the pressure of air at altitude h ; for minimal height of
the chimney we have pSmoke (h)  p (h) . In the furnace we can use pSmoke ()  p (0) . The Bernoulli
law applied in the furnace and at the top of the chimney (Eq. (2)] now reads.
1
 Smoke v(h) 2   Smoke gh  p (h)  p (0) (3)
2
  
From this we get : v(h)  2 gh  Air 1 (4)
  Smoke 
B
v ( h)  (5)
A
B2 1 1
Form which we have h  (6)
 Air
A2 2 g 1
 Smoke
44.(C) We can treat the smoke in the furnace as an ideal gas (which is at atmospheric pressure P(0) and
temperature Tsmoke. If the air was at the same temperature and pressure it would have the same density
according to our assumptions. We can use this to relate the ratio  Air /  Smoke to TSmoke / TAir , that is,
 Air T
 Smoke , and finally (7)
 Smoke TAir
B2 1 TAir B 2 1 TAir
h  (8)
A2 2 g TSmoke  TAir A2 2 g T
For minimal height of the chimney we use the equality sign.
(30  273)
h(30) (400)  (30)
 ; h(30)  145 m (9)
h(30) (30  273)
400  (30)
45.(B) The velocity is constant,
   T  T
v  2 gh  Air 1  2 gh  Smoke  1  2 gh (10)
  Smoke   TAir  TAir
This can be seen from the equation of continuity Av = const. (  Smoke is constant). It has a sudden jump
from approximately zero velocity to this constant value when the gases enter the chimney from the
furnace. In fact, since the chimney operates at minimal height this constant is equal to B, that is v = B/A.
pSmoke ( z )  p (0)  ( Air  Smoke ) gh  Smoke gz (11)
Thus the pressure of smoke suddenly changes as it enters the chimney from the furnace and acquires
velocity.

MATCH THE COLUMN TYPE

46. [A-R] [B-P] [C-P] [D-R]

PV   constant, V (  1)T = constant,
P (1   )T   constant
1
P   , P  T  /( 1) , V  T 1(   1)
V
P  T  /(  1)  ( I .E.)  /(  1)

VMC | Physics 8 APA-2B | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

47. [A-Q] [B-P] [C-R] [D-S]

(A)   L as x = 0 and x = L are nodes
x 2x 2 2
 Terms should be either sin or sin as k     L
L L L 
 (Q) is suitable for (A).
x 2x
(B)   2L as x = 0 and x = L are nodes  Terms should be either sin or sin
L L
 2
As k      2L  ( P ) is suitable for (B)
L 
x 2x
(C)   4L as x = 0 is node  Terms should be either cos or cos
2L L
2 
As k    4L
 2L
 (R) is suitable for (C)
(D)   2L as x  0 is node
x x
 Terms should be either cos or cos
L 2L
 2
As k      2L  (s) is suitable for (D)
L 

48. [A-Q] [B-R] [C-P] [D-S]

(P) Pressure above surface  Area
R 2  gh
(B) Pressure below bottom  Area  (2gh  2gh)R 2  4R 2gh
h
(C) 
FV  g (h  x) dx  2 R  Rg 3h 2
0
h


Fr  (2gh)  (2gx)) 2 Rdx
0
3h 2
 4gh  6Rgh 2
2
Total = 9Rgh 2
(D) FBuoyancy pR 2 hg  2R 2 hg  3R 2 gh

49. [A-Q] [B-P] [C-S] [D-R] Analyse using circular motion analogy.
Vrelative
50. [A-Q] [B-S] [C-R] [D-R] Use :  
f

NUMERICAL/SUBJECTIVE TYPE

51.(2) As temperature changes by  T , new length l  and moment of inertia I  are given as :
l   l (1  T ) I   I (1  2T )
Thus new time period is
I I (1  2T )1/ 2
T   2  2
mgl  mgl (1  T )1/ 2
As T  1 , using binomial approximate we get
I  1  I 1  I
T   2  1   T  change in period is T   T  2  T   T
mgl  2  mgl  2  mgl

VMC | Physics 9 APA-2B | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

52.(21) x1 & x2 be the displacement from equilibrium position

Now for hollow sphere, applying  A  I A 

5 a
k ( x1  x2 )r  mr 2 1 (i)
3 r
5 7
By angular momentum conservation (about A) of the system mv1 r  mv2 r
3 5
 25v1  21v2 (ii)
 25 x1  21x2 (iii)
 25  5 46 k
Using (i) and (iii) we get k  x1  x1   m a1  a1  x1
 21  3 35 m
Now for amplitude, A1  A2  x (iv)

5
From equation (iii) we get A2  A1 (v)
21
21
By (iv) and (v) we get A1  x0
46
21 25 1 46 k
Ans. A1  x0 ; A2  x0 ; f 
46 46 2 35 m
c 1
53.(66.36) First resonance occurs when v fork  ; where 1 is the length of air column in the tube  1  m
4 1 4
c 3
Second resonance occurs when v fork  3  2  m
4 2 4
1 3
So, first resonance occurs when water level in the pipe is 1   m and second resonance at
4 4
3 1
1   m.
4 4
When water level in h,
dh a
Au  a 2 gh    2 gh
dt A
1
4 t
dh a A  3 1
  
3 h

A
2 g dt   t
a 2g
2 
 4
 
4 
0
4
(2  102 ) 2 400 200(0.73) 730
 t 3 2
( 3  1)  (1.73  1)    66.36 s
(1 10 ) 20 2 5 2.2 11
54.(3) Given that from graph
1
mVm2 15 103  Vm  0.150 m / s
2
g
A  0.150 m / s  L m ,  0.150 m / s
L
0.150 0.150
 gL  3
 L 1.5 m
100  10 0.1

VMC | Physics 10 APA-2B | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes


(1   2 T )
   2
55. sin  30  
 2  (1  1T )
  1
sin 30 cos  cos30 sin  (1   2 T ) (1 1T ) 1
2 2 2
  
  is very small : cos  1, sin 
2 2 2
1 3    1 3 
 (1)   1  ( 2  1 ) T   T 
2 2  2  2 2( 2  1 )

56. For equilibrium of piston, if T is tension in string and Pg is gas pressure

For m1: P0 s1  m1 g  T  Pg S1 . . .(i) ; For m2: Pg S2  m2 g  T  P0 S2 . . . (ii)
(i) + (ii): P0 ( s1  s2 )  (m1  m2 ) g  Pg (s1  s2)
(m  m2 ) g
Pg  P0  1  Pg remains same
s
By gas law, at temperature T1 : PgV  RT1 : At temp T2 (T2  T1 ): Pg (V  s )  RT2
Pg s 1
Pg s  R(T2  T1 )  T2  T1   [ P0 S  (m1  m2 ) g ]
R R
57. For a point P on the circle shown in figure, the path difference in the
two waves at P is x  S1P  S2 P  d cos   3 cos
We know for constructive interference at P, the path difference must
be an integral multiple of wavelength  . Thus for a maxima at P,
we have 3 cos  0; 3 cos   ; 3 cos  2 ; 3 cos  3
 1 2
or  or   cos 1or   cos  or   0
2 3 3
There are total 12 points of maxima on the circle
4T
58. Before expansion, Pin  P0 
r
1 q
If charge q is given to the soap bubble, its potential V  
4 0 R
After expansion of bubble at radius R, the inside air pressure will be
 2 4T  q  VR  V 
Pin  P0    here   2
 02  0 
2 0 R  4 R R R 
By gas law PV
1 1  P2V2

 4T  4 3    2 4T   4 3 
 P0    r    P0     R 
 r  3   2 0 R   3 
0 V 2 R
 P0 ( R3  r 3 )  4T ( R 2  r 2 ) 
0
2
59. As shown in figure if at time t  0, gas temperature is T1 and after time t, its
temperature is T, heat will be conducted through the walls of container, the rate of
heat conducted to outside surrounding can be written as
dQ k (6a 2 )
 T  T0  ... (i)
dt x
If dQ heat is conducted outside in a time dt and due to this if the temperature of
gas falls by dT, we have
dQ   nCv dt [As volume of container is constant]
nR R
or dQ   dT [as CV  ] ... (ii)
 1  1

VMC | Physics 11 APA-2B | Solutions

 Vidyamandir Classes

From equation (i) and (ii) we have

nR dT 6ka 2 dT 6ka 2 (  1)
 T  T0  or  dt
  1 dt x T  T0 nRx
Integration the above expression within proper limits from beginning (t  0) , we get
6 ka 2 ( 1)
 t
T  T0  (T1  T0 )e nRx

60. (i) According to the first law of thermodynamics, the amount of heat transmitted dQ to the gas in the
bubble is found as dQ  nCV dT  pdV
1 dQ p dV
where the molar heat capacity at arbitrary process is as follows C   CV 
n dt n dT
Here CV stands for the molar heat capacity of the gas at constant volume, p designates its pressure, n
is the total amount of moles of gas in the bubble, V and T denote the volume and temperature of the
gas, respectively.
4
According to the Laplace formula, the gas pressure inside the bubble is defined by p 
r
Thus, the equation of any equilibrium process with the gas in the bubble is a polytrope of the form
p3V  const
The equation of state of an ideal gas has the form pV = nRT and hence equation T 3V 2  const
dV 3V
Differentiating the derivative with respect to temperature sought is found as 
dT 2T
5
Taking into account that the molar heat capacity of a diatomic gas at constant volume is C V  R
2
3
and using it is finally obtained that C  CV  R  4 R
2
(ii) Since the heat capacity of the gas is much smaller than the heat capacity of the soap film, and there is
heat exchange between them, the gas can be considered as isothermal since the soap film plays the
role of thermostat. Consider the fragment of soap film, limited by the angle  as shown in the figure.
It’s area is found as : S  (ar ) 2
And the corresponding mass is obtained as m Sh .
Let x be an increase in the radius of the bubble, then the Newton second law for the fragment of the
soap film mentioned above takes the form mx  pS   Fsurf .
Where Fsurf denotes the projection of the resultant surface tension force acting in the radial direction,
 x
p stands for the gas pressure beneath the surface of the soap film and S   S 1  2  .
 r
Fsurf is easily found as Fsurft  FST     2  2[r  x) ]
Since the gaseous process can be considered isothermal, it is written that
pV   pV
Assuming that the volume increase is quite small,
1 1  3x 
p  p 3
p  P 1  
 x  3 x   r 
1   1  
 r  r 
Thus, from (B . 10) – (B . 16) and (B . 3) the equation of small oscillations of the soap film is derived
8 8
as hx   2 x . With the frequency  
r hr 2

VMC | Physics 12 APA-2B | Solutions