L10 DATA REPORT

Student’s Name: hivi muhammed jameel

Lab Section: L10

I. Data and Calculations

Note: This Data Report assumes that all lesson recordings were performed,
which may not be the case for your lab. Please disregard any references to
excluded recordings.

A. Horizontal Tracking—Complete Table 10.1.

Note: Your data may have more or fewer cycles than the 7 allotted in the
tables.
Table 10.1 Pendulum Tracking vs. Simulation Tracking (using Horizontal
data)
Pendulum Simulation
Cycle

1 1.29 s 1.00228 mV 1.63 s 0.74198 mV

2 1.30 s 0.89518 mV 1.8 s 0.66223 mV
3 1.29 s 0.77065 mV 1.87 s 0.80052 mV
4 1.30 s 0.67043 mV 1.95 s 0.67412 mV
5 1.25 s 0.69600 mV 1.7 s 0.40295 mV
6 1.26 s 0.68880 mV 1.65 s 0.22221 mV
7 1. 25 s 0.69974 mV 1.6 s 0.29102 mV

B. Vertical Tracking—Complete Table 10.2.

Table 10.2 Vertical Tracking vs. Simulation

Real Object Simulation

Cycle

1 0.56999 s 0.21678 mV 0.81000 s 0.11697 mV

2 0.54000 s 0.10985 mV 0.48000 s 0.01488
3 0.51000 s 0.20595 mV 0.74000 s 0.048007
4 0.47000 s 0.05070 mV 1.29000 s 0.067863
5 0.44000 s 0.11734 mV 1.02000 s 0.048398
C. Saccades—Complete Table 10.3.
Table 10.3 Saccades
Read Silently 1 1st Read Silently 2 Read Aloud
Measurement
line 2nd line 1st line 2nd line 1st line 2nd line

Number of 6 5 6 6
words

Number of 4 4 3 3 5 4
saccades

Time interval
between 0.18 0.10 0.16 0.13 0.15 0.
saccades s s s s s 16
#1

0.
#2 0.15 0.12 0.13 0.15 0.11
20

0.
#3 0.10 0.09 0.06 0.14 0.08
07

0.
#4 0.13 0.11 0.15 0.12 0.11
14

0.
#5 0.06 0.06 0.08 0.05 0.08
12

0.
#6 0.09 0.11 0.1 0.14 0.01
10

0.
#7 0.06 0.09 0.06 0.04
13

0.
#8 0.10 0.13 0.07
12

#9 0.12 0.10 0.
 09

#10 0.14

Average time interval

between saccades
(Calculate)
0.1225 s 0.14 s 0.1567 s

II. Questions
D. Focusing a camera changes the distance between the lens and the film. Does
the eye focus by changing the distance between the lens and the retina? Explain
your answer.
A lens is an optical device that refracts light and can either converge or diverge incident light. A concave
lens diverges light, while a convex lens converges it.
E. Define the following terms:
Cone
A type of specialized light-sensitive cell (photoreceptor) in the retina that
provides color vision and sharp central vision
Rod
photoreceptor cell of the retina essential for vision in dim light and for
peripheral vision
Fovea
Tiny pit in the macula of the retina. the central focal point in the retina,
around which the eye's cones cluster. Let's light fall directly on cones, the cells
that give the sharpest image
Visual Field
the whole area that you can see without moving your head or eyes
Visual Fixation
maintaining focus on an object when it is brought near or moved further
away
Saccade /
A type of eye movement, made both voluntarily and involuntarily, in which
the eyes rapidly change fixation from one object or location to another.
Microsaccade
constant movement of the eyes; tiny little vibrations that people do not
notice consciously
F. Why is vision in darkness more effective when focusing away from the fovea
rather than focusing directly on the fovea?
Rods, which are used for vision in dim light are concentrated in the periphery of
the retina. This results in the tendency to focus away from the fovea (look on
the side of the eye) in darkness

G. Explain the difference between “voluntary fixation” and “involuntary

fixation”:
voluntary fixation
a conscious effort to direct your gaze to a selected object in your visual field
and "lock on it"
involuntary fixation
subconscious and keep the subject in your field of view once you have already
locked on it

H. Examine the data in Table 10.1 and answer the following questions
a.) Did the amplitude continue to decrease with each successive swing
cycle during pendulum tracking? Explain
Yes the amplitude decreased during the pendulum tracking because the
pendulum started to swing lower and that caused the amplitude
decreased because less muscle activity was needed to follow the
pendulum

b.) Did the amplitude continue to decrease during each successive swing
cycle during simulated pendulum tracking? Explain
The amplitude during the stimulated pendulum tracking because the
subject struggled to mimic the eye movement without the presence of
the pendulum
c.) Did the time interval (period) of each successive swing cycle increase,
decrease, or remain constant during pendulum movement? Explain
For the most part as the time interval remained constant but it fluctuated
slightly. This could have been because as the pendulum swings, it slows
down so the length isnt as long the entire time.

d.) Did the time interval (period) of each successive swing cycle increase,
decrease, or remain constant during simulated movement? Explain
the period interval decreased during stimulated movement.
 e.) Are the waveform shapes different between tracking and simulated
tracking data? Explain
The wave form for the tracking gradually decreased over time. The
stimulated tracking was irregular and had no set pattern. This could be
because the stimulated was just guessing the pattern and had nothing to
follow where as the tracking did

I. Examine the data in Table 10.2 and answer the following questions:
a.) Do the cycle amplitudes increase, decrease, or remain constant during
vertical tracking? Explain
It remained constant because the extreme highs and extreme lows
remained constant therefore the amplitude of vertical tracking remained
constant.

b.) Do the cycle amplitudes increase, decrease, or remain constant during

simulated vertical tracking? Explain

The amplitude decreases, then increases, then decreases

c.) Do the cycle periods increase, decrease, or remain constant during
vertical tracking? Explain
the cycle periods remained constant because the person holding the pen
had control of how long the vertical movement would be.

d.) Do the cycle periods increase, decrease, or remain constant during

simulated vertical tracking? Explain
the cycle periods remained constant because the person holding the pen
had control of how long the vertical movement would be

e.) Are the waveform shapes different between vertical tracking and
simulated vertical tracking data? Explain
The wave form for the tracking gradually decreased over time. The stimulated
tracking was irregular and had no set pattern. This could be because the
stimulated was just guessing the pattern and had nothing to follow where as the
tracking did

J. Examine the data in Table 10.3 and answer the following questions:
a.) Did the number of saccades match the number of words for each line?
Explain any differences.
 No the number did not match the number of words on each line. This could
have been because the subject didnt fully read the statement when she
read it to herself. When she read out loud she said "um" a couple of time
and could have been distracted.

b.) Is the average time interval between saccades when reading an easy
passage vs. a challenging passage? Explain
The average time interval for the easy passage is longer than the challenge.
I think this could have been because the subject had to read it to
themselves so she might have not fully read the challenging part.

c.) Is the average time interval between saccades different when reading
the same passage silently vs. aloud?

Reading aloud was longer than silently this could be because she had to
fully read the passage and say it out load rather than just skimming over
it.
d.) Are the waveform shapes different between Read Silently 2 and Read
Aloud data? Explain

Slightly. One reason could be because in the speaking aloud one, not only do
you have to think about and analyze the word. But you also have to pronounce
it.

K. Name the cranial nerves tested and the extraocular muscles tested when the
subject is asked to follow the eraser on a pencil as you move it in a one foot
circle, two feet from their face.

Cranial Nerves Extraocular Muscles

Cranial nerve three;

superior oblique, superior rectus, inferior oblique, inferior rectus,

Cranial nerves four;

medial rectus.

Cranial nerve six; lateral rectus

L. Define corneal–retinal potential (CRP) and explain its relation to
electrooculography and the electrooculogram.

The potential between the front and the back of the eyeball, about 0.4-1.0 mV,
that is primarily due to hyperpolarizations and depolarizations of nerve cells in
the retina