Transforming The Port of Manila Into Intermodal Seaport Terminal Through Parametic Architecture

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas, Cavite

Tel. No.: (046)416-6278 ● Telefax: (046)416-0166 ● Mobile No.:+63918-888-6278
www.ncst.edu.ph
Department of Architecture
“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL
SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE”
Prepared by;
Joshua Kyle M. Santos
&
Jessa Amour Epalan
Submitted to;
Ar. Carlo J. Madrona, uap, rmp
Professor
23, January 2022
“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE”
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CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

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1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
The Port of Manila is the capital city and chief port of Luzon. It lies on the mouth of the
Pasig River in Western Luzon Island and stretches along Manila Bay's eastern shores.
The Port of Manila is also the country's main economic, cultural, and political center
(World Port Source, 2021). The port is the Philippine Premier Port, which play important
roles in the economic activities as a gateway and transit port in the Philippines for
international and national.
During the surge of the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines, the Port of Manila
experienced struggling due to delays and congestion in the port terminal, which, in effect
created a big loss in their income. A thick crowd of passengers is seen remaining stranded
at the Manila North Harbor just days after the government imposed restricting rules within
the National Capital Region and nearby areas over the recent surge in COVID-19 cases
(CNN Philippines, 2021). Many people are stranded in the port terminal and there are no
available places and facilities where they can temporarily stay. Standing for too long on
public transportation makes it difficult for passengers to stay in due to crowds of people
who are also stranded together with them, which may lead to an increase in the number
of people who may become infected by the virus.

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1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM
The shipping industry has been impacted both directly and indirectly, particularly
the cruise sector and the transport of passengers (Verdejo, 2021). Which gives hindrance
both to the management of Port of Manila and the passengers during the pandemic. And
because of the limited spaces and traffic congestions, passengers tend to experienced
being stranded in the Port of Manila, wherein, instead of returning back on their residency
is no longer an option for them to consider, because of their insufficient and limited
finances to spend and support for their fees. This research aims to determine different
issues and challenges being encountered in the Port of Manila by raising questions such
as:
• What architectural modifications will be used in order to address the plight of
stranded passengers and at the same time provide for their board and lodging at a
minimal cost?
• What architectural modifications will be applied on order to address the plight of
stranded passengers
• How to improve the overall facility that needs to made through proper designs and
architectural planning, providing passengers an enjoyable stay and leisure?
• How this study will improve the image of North Port Passenger terminal and what
will be the effect on its new image in the environment?

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• What needed in the North Port passenger Terminal that will help the safety of the
senior citizen, PWD, pregnant and Passengers in their health during the pandemic
and post pandemic?
• How to address the limited land transportation needs of the passengers and plan it
in such a way that it will be accessible to buses, taxis and passenger jeeps?
1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY
The hit of Covid 19 is one of the biggest factors that disrupted the flow of business
in the Port of Manila which led to tremendously affect their loss of income. Due to
lockdowns and alert levels that have been implemented by the national government, the
passenger terminal is congested by the stranded passengers which they cannot return to
their places because of limited financial.
However, this study aims the following objectives such as;
 To identify potential issues or problems that may tackled by the architectural
concepts that may occur in the project, particularly its viability in times of pandemic and
post pandemic.
 To add spaces for the management and other facility for the North Harbor
Passenger Terminal that will provide hospitable and leisure spaces.

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 To design a North Port Passenger Terminal that uses a design approach which
benefits the seaport management, passengers, and the environment.
 To provide a space that will help the safety of senior citizen, pwd, pregnant and
passengers in their health.
 To design a seaport terminal that will provide all the needed facilities of the
passengers especially for transportation in both land and sea.
1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY
Port of Manila is one of the biggest terminals that have gained huge income from
the public and private sector. But when pandemic happen the operating business of the
Port of Manila has stopped and become restricted because of lockdown and quarantine
protocol that execute by the national government. But in this study, it will propose new
ideas that will help to improve this environment while giving safety and comfort that will
benefits such as;
a. Local Government - This study will procure the local governments and securing
the safety of the community in their policies during the disaster and post pandemic.
b. Researchers and Students – This study will benefit the researcher and students
by gathering informations which they may use as reference for their academic studies
or other research related studies in the future.

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c. Professional – This study will help the professionals in their daily bases in their
new north harbor.
d. Passengers – This study will benefit the passengers in their travel by adding
accommodations and leisure spaces.
e. Seaport Management – This study will help the seaport management to improve
their policies in regarding the safety and security in the north harbor passenger
terminal.
1.5. PROJECT SCOPE
The scope of this study is compose of the background study, statement of the problem,
objectives and other research materials that could help in this chapter. And it could give
clarification and background on this study by the use of research of different articles, news
articles and books that were used for information in this study. This study was also
including the definition of terms and sighting economy and countries background, and as
well as how this study will reflect to the articles, the data and the reason behind it.

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1.6. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS
 P.P.A. - Philippine Port Authority. A connected agency of the Department of
Transportation, it is a government-owned and regulated enterprise. It is in charge of
funding, managing, and operating public ports in the Philippines.
 Port- a port with one or more docks or loading zones wherein ships board and
unload goods and passengers.
 Passenger Port terminal- maritime port facilities where people board and depart
from ships such as large board ships and cruise liners they frequently include
ticketing areas as well as waiting areas.

NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
Amafel Bldg. Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmarinas, Cavite
College of Engineering and Architecture
Chapter 2
“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL

THROUGH PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE”
2.1. Related literature
2.1. a. Medical literature
The COVID-19 pandemic (Coronavirus illness 2019) triggered a worldwide
economic catastrophe of an unparalleled magnitude and scope. The global
economy and value chains are expected to enter an economic downturn worse than
the financial crisis of 2009. Production, consumption, and employment all fell as a
result of the severe lockdowns imposed in reaction to the epidemic. As a result, the
changes have caused disruptions in the functioning and long-term growth of all
supply chains, affecting the whole economy, society and the environment. The
COVID-19 epidemic poses a significant challenge to transportation and logistics
providers, who must immediately adjust their present operations to the new
circumstances.
Previous research investigations have also found that international mobility
is beneficial and that worldwide supply systems have all contributed to the
pandemic's rapid spread. The spread of the pandemic was also aided by the
accessibility of particular geographical locations to transportation. As a result, the
pandemic reflects the expanding range and efficacy of the global transportation
system, as well as greater worldwide mobility.

The research on terminal operator strategic management focused on
disturbances such as climate change, oil spills, security, and social and political
instability. Weather, ground transit, and information exchange were all sources of
unpredictability
The risks and uncertainties might cause port delays and inoperability, resulting
in disruptions to the marine supply chain. However, some natural risks can be
continually monitored, indicating that terminal operators were the most crucial in
supporting terminal development.
2.1. b. Psychological literature
Working on ships is a difficult endeavor. Negligible social life, boring routines,
and hard working conditions are just a few of the challenges that sailors confront
on board ships. This causes bodily as well as psychological stress.
This article investigates passengers' knowledge and perceptions of safety
and danger during a maritime cruise. indicate that, while overall safety awareness
can be regarded as excellent, there are some disparities amongst passenger
categories. Younger travelers and passengers on shorter boards have less
understanding of safety than older passengers and travelers on longer excursions.

2.2. Project locale
2.2. a. Location
Manila, is the capital of the Philippines, is a heavily populated bayside
metropolis on the island of Luzon that combines Spanish colonial buildings
paired with contemporary skyscrapers. Intramuros, a fortified city in colonial
times, is indeed the core of Old Manila. Tondo is a district of Manila, the
Philippines' capital city., Manila, and it is home to a baroque church of 16th-
century of San Agustin Church as well as Fort Santiago, a historic castle and
military prison. Tondo is located in the city's northwest quadrant and is
predominantly residential-industrial.
2.2. b. Geography
The area stretches from the Pasig River's mouth in the west to the higher,
rocky hills of Marikina Valley in the east. Because of its stable geological
position as well as its rich cultural heritage, the Guadalupe Plateau is the most
suited to urban development operations. due to its historical underpinnings, but

also because of its contemporary infrastructure linkages to the rest of Luzon the
Marikina Valley contains fertile soil that is appropriate for food development,
while the Marikina River offers water for both industrial purposes and outflow.
Because of the natural disasters that threaten Metro Manila, Manila is the
second riskiest capital city to live in behind Tokyo. The region's many
reclamation projects are targeted toward mixed-use urban development.
2.2. c. Climate
NCR has a tropical wet and dry climate as well as a tropical monsoon
climate. Metro Manila has a brief dry season from January to May and a long
wet season from June to December.
2.2. d. Demography
This density is substantially greater than that of Mumbai (23,000
people per square kilometer), Paris (20,150 people per square kilometer), and
Tokyo (10,100 people per square kilometer). The population of Metro Manila is
believed to be 12 million, although the greater urban region is projected to have
a population of 21.3 million.

Manila is the largest and most populous metropolis, with 42,857 people
sq. km or 111,002 people per sq. mile. Manila is the country's capital and the
second-largest metropolitan. The Philippines, and is one of the 16 cities that
form Metro Manila, which, according to the 2015 Census, has a total of 12.8
million people. In 2016, the city of Manila had a number of 1.78 million people,
according to census statistics. Tondo became the most populous district,
reaching 38 percent of the total population, followed by Sampaloc (20.7
percent) and Santa Ana (19.7 %) in the most recent census (10.7 percent).
2.3. Review related Studies
2.3.a. Foreign Studies - Busan Port International Passenger Terminal
Figure2.1 Busan Port Authority Logo
Source: Busan Port International Passenger Terminal | Busan|Choryang-dong
(busanpa.com)

Figure2.2 Busan International Passenger Terminal
Source: Busan Port International Passenger Terminal | Busan Port Authority
(busanpa.com)
Busan international passenger terminal is located at Choryang-dong,
Dong-Gu, Busan, it is a 5 storey building and 92,945sqm. Total area. The
estimated passenger is about 2.8Milion yearly.
Current state of terminal Facilities
 B1- It is a heat exchanger room and etc.
 Ground floor –It is a parking lot, customs bond area baggage
consignment and etc.
 2nd floor- it is an arrival hall, passenger service facilities, CIQ office &
etc.

 3rd floor – a departure hall, passenger service facilities, ticket office, CIQ
office & etc.
 4th floor- a Port situation room, office & etc.
 5th floor- a Convention center (event hall and conference hall) PR hall &
etc.
Busan Port, the world's second biggest trans - shipment center, is situated
on the maritime route that connects Europe as well as the American continent.
It is supplied by 50 worldwide shipping firms who operate 269 container liner
voyages weekly. Busan Port, with its well-connected worldwide network, stable
environmental factors, and well-equipped infrastructure, ranks seventh in the
world among ports that can accommodate container boats of up to 24,000teu.
Busan New Port, was inaugurated in 2006, boasts cutting-edge technology
and facilities. There are now 23 berths in service, with a total of 45 berths
scheduled for completion by 2030. By 2020, 70 enterprises with a total of 2,800
people will be operating at New Port Distripark, handling 2 million TEU across
4.2 millionm2. As a result, New Port has evolved into a location for increased
commercial value and employment generation.

Busan North Port (ancient port), which has a history of almost 140 years,
will be revived as a high-end port brand for overseas marine tourism and
commercial regeneration. North Port is now undergoing reconstruction, which
will bring new commercial business districts, marine cultural zones, IT and video
displays, and waterfront to the region, giving new life to Busan's ancient, urban
neighborhood. The rehabilitation project is estimated to have a USD28 billion
economic impact and employ about 120,000 people.
2.3.b. Foreign Studies – Yokohama International Passenger Terminal
Figure 2.3 Yokohama International Passenger Terminal

Figure 2.4 Yokohama International Passenger Terminal
Source: Yokohama International Passenger Terminal |
(farshidmoussavi.com)
Since it opened to international commerce in 1859, Yokohama Port
has had a lengthy history. As Japan's major international commercial port, it
has been a boon to the Japanese economy. It has grown by overcoming
several challenges, including the Great Kanto Earthquake, World War II, and
military requisition by the United States.
Undermining the monumentality that characterizes passenger port
terminals and adding to their separation from ordinary life, the International
Port Terminal of Yokohama to address this, the terminal has been built to
blend into the scenery of the city's waterfront and function as a public place.
Rather than providing the specialized and isolated routes seen in terminals,
which favor passenger navigation while discouraging or eliminating other
modes of transportation options, the general circulation system, consisting
of interlocking paths, was established to provide opportunities for people to
exchange ideas and provide them with options. Some pathways connect
directly to the ships, for example, link to the multifunctional plaza or the roof
plaza hall, or via the parking area to the customs and immigration rooms

when the parking area is utilized rather than passenger handling for public
events.
The terminal is a steel building with a large span and an arched roof.
All mechanical and luggage-handling equipment is meant to be hidden within
the framework. The kiosks, which are built as transportable modules on
wheels, serve as immigration "borders." Throughout the structure, just three
material finishes are employed. The terminal transmits the effects of
flatness, openness, and efficiency in the parking areas; arching, pleating,
diagonally, asymmetry.
2.3.c. Local Studies - Cebu Passenger Terminal
Figure 2.5 Cebu Passenger Terminal

The Cebu Port Authority (CPA) was established by Republic Act
No. 7621, which was passed on June 26, 1992, to expressly oversee all
ports located in Cebu Province, thereby isolating these facilities first from the
Philippine Ports Authority (PPA) system. On January 1, 1996, CPA
commenced operations and formally took over the Cebu ports.
The following are the mandate of cebu port passenger terminal
 To integrate and manage the design, development, building, and
operation of ports and port facilities under its geographical authority,
in accordance with regional needs and requirements;
 To increase the accessibility of domestic and international business
via or through the regional ports; and
 To encourage regional development and provide services and
support to ensure the growth of the region's exports and other key
sectors.
2.3.d. Local Studies – Cagayan de oro Passenger Terminal

Figure 2.6 Cagayan de oro Passenger Terminal
Source: Philippine Port Authority
July 15, 2019, the country's largest seaport Passenger Terminal
Structure was formally inaugurated in Cagayan de Oro Port. The 5,625-
square-meter building can handle up to 3,000 travelers each day, more than
double its former passenger capacity. The new PTB reinforces the CDO
Port's strategic position as the "Global Gateway to Mindanao."
It also has a children's play area, a child care station, drinking
fountains, toilet facilities, an immediate medical treatment room, food courts,
souvenirs centers, and a special boarding lane for senior citizens, people
with disabilities, pregnant women, and women traveling with children under
the age of two.
2.4. Legal Framework

Presidential declaration no. 857, December 23, 1975
Revising presidential decree no. 505 dated July 11, 1974, creating the
Philippine port authority, by substitution, but also for other purposes, to
provide for the reorganization of port administrative and operation functions
in the Philippines.
2.4.a. Article 2 Section 2
To ensure that all income and revenues derived from dues, rates,
and charges for the use of the Authority's facilities and services are
properly collected and accounted for by the Authority, that all such
income and revenues are sufficient to defray the cost of providing the
Port Districts' facilities and services (inclusive of operating and
maintenance costs, administration, and overhead), and that a reasonable
return on assets employed is obtained. Redirecting and reorganizing
beyond its particular and traditional tasks of harbor development
operations, port administration has expanded to include the larger role of
entire port district development, including encouraging full and efficient
utilization of the Port's hinterland and tributary areas.
Coordination, streamlining, improvement, and optimization of port
planning, development, funding, building, maintenance, and operation of

ports, port facilities, port physical plants, and all 11 equipment used in
port operations. To ensure a smooth flow of waterborne commerce via
the country's ports, both public and private, in the conduct of domestic
and international trade. Encourage regional growth by distributing
industrial and economic activities throughout many regions.
2.4.a. Organizational Chart\
Figure 2.6 Organizational structure of manila port
Source: Philippine Port Authority

The Philippine Ports Authority is governed by a Board of Directors. The
Secretary of Transportation acts as Chairperson, while the PPA General Manager
serves as Vice-Chairperson. Other members include the heads of the NEDA, the
Department of Finance, the Department of Public Works and Highways, the
Department of Trade and Industry, the Department of Environment and Natural
Resources , and the Maritime Industry Authority, as well as a single private sector
representative.
The PPA is managed and supervised by the General Manager,
who is assisted by an Assistant General Manager for each of the following areas:
Operations, Finance and Administration, and Engineering.
The country has been separated into geographical groups named Port
Management Offices to ease port management and control. PMOs are made up
of frontline operational units known as terminals, which can include a base/hub
port as well as other government and/or private ports. Terminal Management
Offices, or TMOs, are administrative organizations in charge of monitoring terminal
operations. The PPA's field offices are made up of 25 PMOs, 10 of which are
significant gateways and 15 of which are hub ports.
2.4.b. Organizational Function

2.4.b.1. Terminal Services division
Formulates, recommends, and updates operational policies,
rules, standards, systems, and processes. For effective terminal service
delivery at ports, assesses and analyses suggestions provided by PMOs,
port users, and others various departments and agencies in regard to
terminal services and management, administration, and development
transfer. Transferring the operation of municipal ports to local government
units (LGUs) creates and develops guidelines for the efficient delivery of
terminal services.
2.4.b.2. Marine Services division
Recommends and updates rules and regulations, standards, systems
and procedures in the efficient operations, pilotage, ancillary services,
and other marine related services evaluates and studies proposals
submitted by PMOs, port users, and other departments/agencies in
related to operations PMOs, port users, and other organizations get
technical help in the application of maritime operations policies. Rules,
systems, and processes evaluates the economic and efficiency effect of
maritime and marine time safety systems in comparison to the provision
of maritime operational needs and suggests relevant measures and

standards conducts research and analysis on maritime service
advancements technology, and suggests solutions for more effective
maritime operations. All ports' maritime operations are governed by this
law.
2.4.b.3. Port Police division
Implements port safety and security policies, guidelines,
procedures, rules, and regulations. Supervises private security agencies
within the port promises. Controls and regulates the flow of vehicles.
Submits and updates port facility security assessments and
port facility security plans for the bas port and terminals in accordance
with the international ship and port facility security (ISPS) code and the
national security programmed for sea transport and maritime
infrastructure.
2.5. Building Technologies
2.5.a. Turbine Light

Figure 2.7 Turbine Light
Source: thepatent.news
Turbine light is a type of wind turbine-powered The street lighting
system: Street light has a turbine that uses air caused by the Cars
passing through. Make use of the air caused by the Cars pass through
to illuminate highways throughout the world.
2.5.b. Thermochromic Smart Glass

Figure 2.8 Thermochromic Smart Glass
Source: www.smartglassworld.net/
When touched by solar radiation incident, thermochromic smart

glass alters transmittance, noticeably dimmer as the temperature
rises.Thermochromic glass varies from photochromic glass in that it darkens
owing to UV or visible light rather than temperature rises caused by solar
infrared.
Both thermochromic and photochromic glasses are reversible and are called
passive technology since they are not driven by electricity.
2.6. Theoretical framework
INPUT
 Data from Research materials
 Related Studies and Review
 Legal Framework PROCESS
 Site Location Data  Data analysis
 Site Research & analysis
 Site Visit
 Conceptualization
 Design and planning
consultation
 Preparation of schematic
diagram
 Working Drawing
Presentation
OUTPUT
“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF

MANILA INTO INTERMODAL
SEAPORT TERMINAL”

2.7. Research framework
The diagram below illustrates the flow of the research undertaken by the
research project's proponents.
“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA

INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL”
RESEARCH
STUDY
RESEARCH PROCESS IDENTIFICATION

 Location  Problems
 Environmental  Facilities
 Existing  Services
Condition  Users
 Consideration  Needs
 Legal Basis
APPLICATION AND SPACIAL PROGRAMMING
PLANNING AND DESIGNING
RECOMMENDATIONS, SUMMARY AND

FINDING CONCLUSIONS

2.8. Technical Information
2.8.a. The National Building Code of the Philippines
Table 2.1 Occupancy Classification
Source: (The National Building Code of the Philippines, 1987)

Building height limit by type of occupancy
Transportation- 15.00 meters (or must complement the duly approved BHL in the
major zone it is part of).
Hotel- maximum of 12 storey and 36 meters of BHL.

Chapter 3

III. Research Method
This section will show the methods utilized to acquire the data that will be
used. In this study's presentation of thoughts and ideas In addition, this shall
Emphasize the approaches utilized by the proponents to evaluate the facts and
information obtained in order to develop the design solution. This study will employ
a variety of approaches, including comparative studies and descriptive methods
done through interviews, documents, and information.
3.1. Methodology
The study employs a variety of research methods, including descriptive
analysis. Data collecting methods include the Observational Method and the
Statistical Method.
3.1.a. Descriptive Method
This technique is intended to define the characteristics of a
given people, scenario, or group, independent of the exact beginning idea
regarding the nature of the project. The researcher collects many materials and
describes them based on his or her own understanding and opinions.
3.1.b. Observational Method

This method comprises on-the-spot monitoring of the project's
status. It compares and contrasts the existing systems in the project's context.
3.2. Research Design
The study's research design is developed to take a methodical
approach to obtaining, analyzing, and assessing relevant data for use in the
study. The research design is based on a conceptual framework work
completed in the last chapter.
3.2.a. Problem Identification
After the problem was addressed, the practicality of the solution was
shown. Following that, the writers acquired all of the relevant information and
documentation to back up the study's feasibility
The authors used a visual inspection and questionnaires to collect the data.
Data was obtained from the specific website of the Philippine Port Authority
(PPA).
3.2.b. Gathering Data
The problem is already identified and must be justified for its
feasibility and viability. The researchers gathered the data from the website of
PPA (Philippine Port Authority) and other sources.

3.2.c. Site Analysis
The site for the proposed project was carefully analyzed for its
variables and assessed its favorable characteristics.
3.2.d. Data Analysis
Necessary data was acquired to assist the research on the
planned architectural program, as well as relevant governing laws, while data
from the site was analyzed and assessed to ensure that only vital data was
included.
3.2.e. Design Conceptualization
The environment is utilized as the foundation for developing the design
idea of the proposed structure's architectural program.
3.2.f. Preliminary Design
This includes demand analysis, architectural space programming,
form analysis, and building system conception. Preliminary drawing
presentations must be created in sets. The formulated findings are then
summarized.
3.2.g. Initial Evaluation

The preliminary research, which was completed in November 2021, covers
Chapter I, and the thesis title was chosen along with the site project and data
was in January 2022 The study's validity and rationale were examined.
3.3. Research Instrument
To attain the required architectural objectives, data from the following
sources must be acquired in order to strengthen the conceptual framework and
analytical procedures of this study.
3.3.a. Published or Unpublished Review Material
All written and printed documentation related to the Project. Compliance
is ensured by the use of national or local government guidelines and regulations.
3.3.b. Internet or World Wide Web
Surfing the World Wide Web was regarded as an extra means of
looking for information, particularly in connected research. Conducting online
research through the use of many websites and search engines adds to the
growth of this study, notably in the data collecting. It is simpler to aggregate
similar initiatives and research from both local and international settings. The
assistance of the internet The availability of various government agencies
across the world

3.4. Government Agencies
Using its official website to collect the data and information. They are
in charge of the technical and legislative information in specific portions of this
study.
 Philippine Port Authority – to gather data and information about
classification and planning.
3.5. School Materials and Gadget
The researchers employed a variety of materials in their site
examination and visiting. the acquisition of documents and data on the site, notably
the use of a mobile phone to capture images and contact or reach out to
government employees The desktop computer is used to create letters and sort
data supplied as softcopy, while a notebook or any other type of paper is utilized to
jot down data delivered vocally.
3.6. Technical Person for Consultation
 Ar. Carlo S. Madrona, uap, rmp – Thesis Adviser
 Ms. Gliceria Dela Cuesta – Technical Adviser
 Ar. Abraham R. Naval, uap – Head Panel
 MR. JAY DANIEL R. SANTIAGO – General Manager of PPA


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NATIONAL COLLEGE OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY

Amafel Building, Aguinaldo Highway, Dasmariñas, Cavite

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL

SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH PARAMETRIC ARCHITECTURE”

Joshua Kyle M. Santos

Jessa Amour Epalan

Ar. Carlo J. Madrona, uap, rmp

23, January 2022

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

1.1. BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

international and national.

of people who may become infected by the virus.

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

1.2. STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

• What architectural modifications will be used in order to address the plight of

• What architectural modifications will be applied on order to address the plight of

architectural planning, providing passengers an enjoyable stay and leisure?

will be the effect on its new image in the environment?

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

and post pandemic?

1.3. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

their places because of limited financial.

However, this study aims the following objectives such as;

 To identify potential issues or problems that may tackled by the architectural

Passenger Terminal that will provide hospitable and leisure spaces.

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

benefits the seaport management, passengers, and the environment.

passengers in their health.

passengers especially for transportation in both land and sea.

1.4. SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

benefits such as;

or other research related studies in the future.

new north harbor.

accommodations and leisure spaces.

1.5. PROJECT SCOPE

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

1.6. DEFINITIONS OF TERMS

 P.P.A. - Philippine Port Authority. A connected agency of the Department of

Transportation, it is a government-owned and regulated enterprise. It is in charge of

funding, managing, and operating public ports in the Philippines.

unload goods and passengers.

ticketing areas as well as waiting areas.

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL THROUGH

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL

2.1. Related literature

2.1. a. Medical literature

The COVID-19 pandemic (Coronavirus illness 2019) triggered a worldwide

economic catastrophe of an unparalleled magnitude and scope. The global

COVID-19 epidemic poses a significant challenge to transportation and logistics

Previous research investigations have also found that international mobility

accessibility of particular geographical locations to transportation. As a result, the

system, as well as greater worldwide mobility.

“TRANSFORMING THE PORT OF MANILA INTO INTERMODAL SEAPORT TERMINAL

The research on terminal operator strategic management focused on

supporting terminal development.

2.1. b. Psychological literature

Working on ships is a difficult endeavor. Negligible social life, boring routines,

on board ships. This causes bodily as well as psychological stress.

This article investigates passengers' knowledge and perceptions of safety

can be regarded as excellent, there are some disparities amongst passenger

categories. Younger travelers and passengers on shorter boards have less