A Field Work Report on

Causes of Group Conflict During Field work in Sindhuli, Viman.

Submitted to:

Master’s Degree in Social Work Program

Tribhuvan University

By:

Arjun Gadal

MSW Program

Tribhuvan University

2016
Causes of Group Conflict During Field work in Sindhuli, Viman.

Submitted to:

Master’s Degree in Social Work Program

Tribhuvan University

BY
Arjun Gadal
Symbol no. 207
2016
2nd Semester
 Recommendation letter
---------------------------------------------

The Report entitled “Causes of Group Conflict during Field work in Sindhuli, Viman."
Completed by Arjun Gadal udder my guidance & supervision.

……………………………………
Mr. Prateek Sharma Lamichanne
Field Supervisor
MSW PROGRAM
Tribhuvan University
Kathmandu, Nepal
 Approval letter
---------------------------------------------

This field Report has been given final approval by the MSW program
T.U. Kathmandu, Nepal

………………………… ………………………. …………………………………

External Export Supervisor MSW Program Coordinator
 Acknowledgements

Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my field supervisor Mr. Pratik
Sharma Lamichhane for the continuous support to write field report, for his patience,
motivation, and immense knowledge. His guidance helped me in all the time of report
writing for field work. I could not have imagined having a better advisor and mentor
for my field report.

Besides my supervisor, I would like to thank the MSW program Coordinator,

Associate Prof. Dr. Mrigendra Bahadur Karki. Whithout him it was not possible to
complete this field work and field work report. His contribution is highly appreciated.
I want to express my thanks to visiting professors Mr. Saorj Giri, Mr. Dasharath Joshi,
Mr. Pradeep Achharya, Mr. Suraj Shakya for their insightful comments and
encouragement as well as teaching, which incented me to widen my field report from
various perspectives. Especially I want to give gratitude to the Associate Professor
Tikaram Gautam for his insightful guidance and cooperation to accomplish this report.

I thank my colleagues especially Jeni Maharjan and Pratima Bhatta for the stimulating
discussions, we were working together, and for all the fun we have had in the field as
well as my class mates, their support, cooperation and mutual understanding gave a
motivation to accomplish this field report.

Last but not the least, I would like to thank my family: my parents especially my
loving mom and to my brothers and sister for supporting me spiritually throughout
writing this field report and my life in general.

Arjun Gadal
Students of MSW Program
T.U. Kathmandu Nepal
Table of Contents Page No.
i. Letter of recommendation
ii) Letter of approval
iii) Acknowledgements
1 Introduction 1
2 Problem Statement 2
3 Literature review 3
3.1 Group 3
3.2 Group conflict 4
3.3 Group conflict during field work 5
4) Research Methods 6
4.1 Selection of the field study 6
4.2 Rapport Building 9
4.3 Data Collection Tools & Techniques 9
5. Issue Focused Activity 11
6. Issue Projected Objectives 13
7. Issue Addressing Activities 13
8. Findings 15
9. Encounter and Experiences 18
9.1 Learning Experience 18
9.2 Personal Felling 19
10. Generalizations drawn from the Field Study 20
i. References
ii. Annexure
1) Introduction

Group is the combination of common purpose, mutual understanding, cooperation, shared

belief, norms and values, equal participation that creates a sense of entity among the
members. Group is a numerical value of a person may be two or more than two. Group has
division of roles and function among members. Collective and individual distribution of
power remains in group.

Group work is a modality for bringing about change either in the environment or in the
member's intrapersonal or interpersonal relationships. "Social group work uses the group
approach to accomplish the goals common to all social work activities: 1) to prevent
members from developing dysfunctional ways of coping with their situations; 2) to enhance
member's engagement in and use of artistic, social, intellectual, and other endeavors; 3) to
rehabilitate member's who have developed handicaps in their social and personal functioning"
(Gravin, 1981, P.3).

Eubank (1993, p.163) states that " a group is two or more person in a relationship of psychic
interaction, whose relationships with one another may be abstracted and distinguished from
their relationships with all others so that they might be thought of as an entity.

Interaction, communication, cohesion, group development, conformity, social control,

leadership, group culture, conflict are the key component of the group. While talking about
conflict, conflict is the product of not fulfilling need or demands of the group member in a
group. It is not sure that every member of the group may agree and satisfy with the group
work. Person who is not satisfied and not agree with the group then he or she can create
conflict in a group. We need to realize that conflict occur even in effective groups (Napier
and Gershenfeld, 1993; Wittman, 1991). It is clear that conflict is the situation of not
addressed real problem and needs. Sometimes if the problems or needs are fulfilled again
there may arise conflict but it depend upon minority and majority group.

Conflict always can't negative it gives new situation and new opportunities. Conflict always
tries to show the hidden part of the minority and majority groups within the group to trace out
the real situation. Conflict usually observed at the end of beginning stage or beginning of the
work stage of the group. In a group, once the members are familiar with each other and
experience safer environment, start to express conflicting viewpoints.
2) Problem Statement

Group is the dynamic process where many task or role need to be done. While conducting
many task or role and responsibilities every individual of the group can't be satisfied and then
unsatisfied person express his/her thought and demands needed things then conflict arise in a
group. Group and conflict are interrelated in terms of its process and mobilization. Group
dynamic and group mobilization creates conflicts in a group but it depends upon a group
member and leader.

Group and conflict; group is two or more than two person's interaction, participation,
communication, cooperation, involvement in decision making for the common purpose and
same desire. It is not sure that conflict in a group always becomes bad but conflict tries to
make a change in a previous situation. Conflict starts with opposition, opposition in the sense
that two thought, issues, parties and so on. To be a conflict there must be two groups where
one group, person or thought always seeks new thing in a new pattern which is not existed
previously in a group. Conflict is also one of the change agent which leads to the change that
may be positive and negative.

Conflict and its causes are important for me to study why conflict arises in the group. It has
been studied in the text book but not experienced practically in a group. Yes, it is sure that in
every group there exists conflict but reason behind it is significant thus on that basis my
research question will be as fallows;
"To what extent group conflict occurs during field work?" and "What are the effects and
impacts of group conflict during a field work?"

On the basis of above research question my general objectives will be to find out three
questions such as what is group conflict in a group practically being a part of it. Secondly
what happens if there is a group conflicts in a group. Last but not least, what are the results
group conflicts during the field work?
On the basis of above general objectives I will try to draw specific objectives as
fallows;
1) To examine the extent group conflict occurs during field work.
2) To explore the causes of group conflict in a group.
3) To find out the effect and impact of group conflict in a group during a field work.
3) Literature review

3.1 Group

Group is a combination of two or more than two people or person where equal participation,
cooperation, communication, interaction, shared belief remains strong. Group has common
identity, feeling of unity shared goals and norms, has roles and function among members.
Group or group work is a method of social work means working with people in orderly,
planned and systematic way. Group work cognizes the strength of social forces that are
generated with in small groups and to mobilize them for change in the client.

According to M. Murphy (1959) defined group work as “enhancement of person’s social

functioning through purposeful group experiences”. Acc. to Trecker (1948) “the group
worker enables various types of groups to function in such a way that both group interaction
and program activities contribute to the growth of individual and the achievement of
desirable social goals.”

According to G. Konokpa objectives of group or group work are individualization of group

and member, development of a sense of belonging evelopment of capacity for decision
making through group process and development of warm and accepting social environment.

G konopka tress out the principle of group work as fallows:

• Recognition and subsequent action in relation to the unique difference of each
individual (individualization within the group)
• Recognition and subsequent action in relation to the wide variety of groups as group
(individualization of group)
• Genuine acceptance of each individual with his unique strength and weakness
• Establishment of a purposeful helping relationship between group workers and group
members
• Encouragement and enabling of helpful and cooperative relationships between group
members
• Appropriate modification of group process
• Encouragement of each members to participate according to the stage of one’s
capacity, and enable one to become more capable
• Enabling members to involve themselves in the process of problem solving
 • Enabling group members to experience increasingly satisfactory forms of working
through conflicts

Above definition, characters and principle clearly shows that what exactly group or group
work. We can draw a picture of group on the basis of definition, characteristics and principle
as social work method of group of person having unity, same feeling, willingness,
cooperation, participation.

3.2 Group conflict

Conflict refers the situation of unfulfilling need and unsatisfied situation of the group.
Conflict shows the contradictory situation in a group. According to the Killman in conflict
mode instrument there are four types of conflict as

 Interpersonal conflict refers to a conflict between two individuals. This occurs typically due
to how people are different from one another. We have varied personalities which usually
results to incompatible choices and opinions. Apparently, it is a natural occurrence which can
eventually help in personal growth or developing your relationships with others. In addition,
coming up with adjustments is necessary for managing this type of conflict. However, when
interpersonal conflict gets too destructive, calling in a mediator would help so as to have it
resolved.
 Intrapersonal conflict occurs within an individual. The experience takes place in the
person’s mind. Hence, it is a type of conflict that is psychological involving the individual’s
thoughts, values, principles and emotions. Interpersonal conflict may come in different
scales, from the simpler mundane ones like deciding whether or not to go organic for lunch to
ones that can affect major decisions such as choosing a career path. Furthermore, this type of
conflict can be quite difficult to handle if you find it hard to decipher your inner struggles. It
leads to restlessness and uneasiness, or can even cause depression. In such occasions, it
would be best to seek a way to let go of the anxiety through communicating with other
people. Eventually, when you find yourself out of the situation, you can become more
empowered as a person. Thus, the experience evoked a positive change which will help you
in your own personal growth.
 Intragroup conflict is a type of conflict that happens among individuals within a team. The
incompatibilities and misunderstandings among these individuals lead to an intragroup
conflict. It is arises from interpersonal disagreements (e.g. team members have different
 personalities which may lead to tension) or differences in views and ideas (e.g. in a
presentation, members of the team might find the notions presented by the one presiding to be
erroneous due to their differences in opinion). Within a team, conflict can be helpful in
coming up with decisions which will eventually allow them to reach their objectives as a
team. However, if the degree of conflict disrupts harmony among the members, then some
serious guidance from a different party will be needed for it to be settled.
 Intergroup conflict takes place when a misunderstanding arises among different teams
within an organization. For instance, the sales department of an organization can come in
conflict with the customer support department. This is due to the varied sets of goals and
interests of these different groups. In addition, competition also contributes for intergroup
conflict to arise. There are other factors which fuel this type of conflict. Some of these factors
may include a rivalry in resources or the boundaries set by a group to others which
establishes their own identity as a team.

3.3 Group conflict during field work

Group conflict between team members comes from several sources. Some conflicts have their
basis in how people behave, while others come from disagreements about the nature of the
team's work and how it is being accomplished. Group conflict and reason behind group
conflict are interrelated thus need to think about it. Here are some sorts of causes of group
conflict as.

 Competing interests: Conflict can arise when people have mutually incompatible desires or
needs. For example, two team members with similar skills may both want a certain
assignment, leaving the one who doesn't receive it resentful.
 Different behavioral styles or preferences: Individuals may clash over their respective work
habits, attention to detail, communication practices, or tone of expression. While these can
affect coordination of interdependent tasks, they can especially inhibit direct collaboration.
 Competition over resources: Members may fight over the limited resources available to
accomplish the team's tasks. For example, if two people both rely on the action of a third
person to meet identical deadlines, disagreements might arise over whose work should
receive that person's attention first.
 Failure to follow team norms: A team member creates conflict when she
displays attitudes or behaviors that go against the team's agreement about how it will
 function. If a group norm calls for prompt arrival at meetings and prohibits the use of mobile
devices during discussions, ignoring these practices can engender conflict.
 Performance deficiencies: When some team members are either not contributing their share
of effort or not performing at the expected level of quality, the impositions that result can
create friction, which may be heightened when critical or highly visible tasks are involved.
 Poor communication: When team members do not share relevant information with each
other, people may make decisions or take actions that others consider inappropriate or even
harmful. Blame and questions about motives can result, creating discord among the team.
 Ambiguity about means and ends: Lack of clarity about tasks, strategies, and/or goals can
lead people to make assumptions that others do not share or agree with, which can result in
conflict.

4) Research Methods

Methodology is a scientific way to understand the reality or we can say that methodology is
science of understanding reality where taste, re-taste, verification and falsification exist. It is
also known as way of thinking or analysis.

Likewise methods are way of data collection. Tools and techniques help to collect data but
we need to be skillful to complete task. Research methods are the way of finding reality
related to the research topic. Research methods are the way of experimenting methodology in
a field or organization. It depends on working nature.

Here in this research, I had used qualitative experimental method: field experiment method to
explore the causal relationship of group/subgroup and group conflict in a group. On the basis
of empirical observation of group and group conflict by the sub group is the major thing of
this research to explore cause and effect with the help specific objectives and validity. Here
are some methods which are used in field selection process as follows;

4.1 Selection of the field study

Selection of the field work represents the process of selecting field for the research and field
represents place, where we collect data or information to taste, re-taste, verify and falsify the
related assumption.

Sindhuli district is representative district of Nepal having different diversity on ecology,

culture, religion, caste, ethnicity, weather, and many more things. Mixed Indigenous and
marginalized group of people as well as different caste and race in Sindhuli, new highway
from Bhakundebesi to sindhuli being khurkot and blocked of Nepal and Madhesi Revolution
were the major reason to select Sindhuli as a research field. On these evidence college
administrations choose Sindhuli as field place so all the student of MSW 2nd Semester
student taken to Sinduli so I also went to explore reason behind group conflict during field
work.

Following points are the process of field selection for the field work practice.
i) A compulsory field works at Master in Social work program
Master in Social work program is field based study approach. In every semester student must
take a part of field work. Likewise in second semester, student took a part of field work on
the basis of field practicum as a core subject and it was necessary to accomplish field work
by the students.

ii) Discussion, interaction, meeting with administration, supervision team and students

It was compulsory to conduct research or field work in every semester that's why when it was
fixed to move for fieldwork. To conduct field work many discussions, interactions and
meeting were held on with administrative body, supervisor and student to frame out filed
work practice in the field. Discussions, interactions, meeting were helpful to finalize field
work practice.

iii) Field selection

After taking decision to go to field, college administration and supervision team finalized
Sindhuli district as a field. Viman, Sindhulimadi and kopilakot were three places for field to
conduct a research for three groups in many research topics. Students had personal research
topic but they were united in a group and they need to stay in a group in different location.
This field was selected by the help of pilot study of Sindhuli by college administration.

iv) Group Division

According to the supervisor guideline, all students should be divided in to three groups.
Firstly, three group leaders were chosen by the students according to their will. In the
beginning group division had been in a democratic way but later again group reformed by the
leader to make his own team. All the members of the group divided in a three group and it
was reformed group. At last, one sub group also made in the field. First division of the group
didn't work. It became so much complicated to divide a group. Certain roles and authority
had given to the leaders to manage, mobilize a group during field.

v) Finalization of field departure date

After selecting the field and dividing three groups, field departure date has been decided on
6th Chaitra 2072 cooperating, communicating with college administration, supervisor and
students. Departure date would be earlier than this date but social work day 2016 made some
late to go to the field.

vi) Communication and cooperation with related government office, political leaders,
media partner and stake holders.

Different government organizations, political leaders, media partner and stake holders of the
Sindhuli were resource person for the information regarding challenges, strength, weakness
and opportunities of Sindhuli so communication and cooperation was so much necessary to
accomplish field work. Communication and cooperation had been done with District
Development Committee, different political leaders, media partner and resource person or
stake holders of the society as well.

vii) Paper work for government organization

Students were going to conduct research in different research topic so it was necessary to be
official by institutional. Paper work like official letter and authorization had been taken by
college administration from different government organization and so on at Sindhuli befor
going and after going field.

Viii) Planning and implementation.

Planning and implementation in terms of field work time schedule. Total 15 days were field
work including arrival and departure date. Planning had been for 13 days what to do and how
to do research. But the planning was not systematic and good by the administrative as well by
supervisor. No any proper work division had done. Many weaknesses were there in terms of
planning and implementation.

4.2 Rapport Building

Rapport building is one significant way of making relationship good and effective. Rapport
building or personal relation makes task easy everywhere. Rapport building is the key
component to reach out the person to take related and right information from the respondent.
So here are some of the ways or tools making rapport building strong and effective as
follows;
Meeting, discussion, communication and interaction with

a) College administration and supervision team: Meeting, discussion, and interaction

among college administration and supervision team was also one of the tools of rapport
buildings that helps to develop a plan for field work. Discussion, meeting, communication
and interaction made a good environment to accomplished research during fieldwork.

b) Group leaders and students: When it was conformed that student of the MSW
program second semester student of second batch is going to the field then administration and
field supervisor suggested to make a group and on that basis three group leaders and group
has been made. To make and to choose group and leader there had been meeting, discussion,
communication and interaction among groups and group's leader.

c) Government office: Students of the MSW program who had been part of the field
work conducted in Sindhuli district, it was necessary to have a discussion, meeting, sharing,
and interaction to get proper and overall information about Sindhuli on the basis of student's
research topics. Different government offices were source of information thus discussion
meeting and interaction during field work and before field work were so much effective for
research.

d) Stakeholders: Political leaders, social worker, local leader also were resource person
to get more information about different topic and issues of the Sindhuli to trace out the reality
of the field so meeting, discussion, interaction as well as interview between students and
stakeholders were a means of rapport building to accomplish the field report.

4.3 Data Collection Tools & Techniques

Tools are the means and techniques are the idea to do the task. In terms of research tolls are
the way of taking data from respondent and techniques are the idea taking information from
the respondent. Observation, interview, survey, questionnaires, focus group discussion, Key
information interview are some of the data collections tools and techniques that help to take
information and data. Sometimes same tools and techniques couldn't applicable to the
different research on the basis of research topic and research design. Here are some of the
few tolls and techniques used in field work as follows;

i) Observation: Observation is the one of the key tolls to find out the data from the
field. Evaluative observation is more reliable and significant for field work to take
information practically. From evaluative observation it can be trace out the scenario of the
real situation. In this field work, evaluative observation helped to understand and linked the
situation and condition created in a group by sub group as well.

During field work I observed personal, group members, group and sub group activities, group
member's behavior, attitude and process of sub-group formation within a group, the reason
behind formulating sub group as a researcher at Sindhuli viman. Those insights about group
and group conflict during field work were very much significant to me.

ii) Informal Interview: There are many types of interview among of them informal
interview is one. Some time with the help of formation interview it is difficult to find out the
exact data what researcher want to grab but informal interview gives a clear vision and data
from the respondent. In group informal interview helped to understand respondent's thought,
feeling, and expression while taking informal interview. Through the informal interview data
can be received easily better than formal interview.

By the help of interview I gathered information about group member's perception towards
group members as well as their inner feeling during group work. Not only that through
informal interview I became able to gathered information about how group members
separated in sub group, what they experienced during a field work with in a group. Was
group works were effective or not and many information and many ideas.

In a formal interview many people or person can't open up but in informal interview they can
or person can open up easily. Because it seems like just sharing and gossiping and they can
share things what they are feeling, struggling in the mean time. Thus I choose informal
interview as a technique to collect data regarding group and group conflict during a field
work.
iii) Group Discussion: Group discussion is another prominent tool to grab specific
information through discussion. In a group discussion person used to tell what he / she is
feeling, thinking and doing in a daily life. Group discussion if the place of expression
whether it might be good or bad. Through group discussion it becomes easy to observe what
is going in a group. What, When, Where, why and how group members speak, deal, act,
cooperate, negotiate and comes under mutual understanding or conflict between group these
all activities can be seen in a group. That’s why group discussion was also one of the tools
and techniques for data collection of the field work.

Group discussion is a process and way of sharing information, ideas and experiences which is
really needed in data collection process whether data comes on textual or numeric form. To
gather information in same time by the many people or member of the group is so much
effective that's why FGD is used in the field and through the FGD many conflict, controversy
and unsatisfactory working impact's between group member, within and beyond the group
should expressed in the group discussion. Positive, negative, good, bad many things comes in
front of the group member thus organization of FGD is significant in research.

iv) Sharing Session: Sharing session is also one of the tools where persons used to share
experiences what had happened in the field. Bitter, exiting, memorial time of the field used to
share in sharing session. Sharing session used to depicts whole day and full time off the field
important information. It was also a data collection tools and techniques for the field whih I
used in the field.

v) Interaction and meeting: Sometime single or group meeting and interaction is

beneficial to take information related to the field work or research topic. Research topic leads
to the destination. Sometimes what information we try to seek that couldn't get from other
tools on that case interaction and meeting helps to find out the reality of the situation and
scenario.

5. Issue Focused Activity

Issues focused activities deals with target of accomplishment of goal and mission. It was
impossible to address focused issues without activity that's why here are some issue focused
activities like;

i) Decision for the field work

To accomplished field work, it is necessary to take a decision first of all. If the decision is
clear then the destination need to be fixed. First work for field is bold decision to go to the
field.

ii) Selection of the field

Without destination it is sure the task will not be completed. That's why selection of the field
was prominent to the field. While talking about field selection college administration and
field supervision team decided Sindhuli for field work. Sindhuli is the representation district
of whole Nepal. Map of the Sindhuli seems like Nepal. Cultural, ecological, religious, social,
environmental and many more dicversity found in Sindhuli. At that moment Madhesi
Movement also held in Tarai and Sindhuli was bridge for Kathmandu for road accesses so
sindhuli was a destination of the field for MSW Program for second batch.

iii) Selection of the field supervisor

Field supervisor role and responsibilities were so much power full to conduct research as a
camp. There were three groups in field. To supervise the group there were need of the field
supervisor for three groups. College administration appointed four field supervisors. Their
roles and responsibilities were to control the group with the help of group leader. Group
leader were there to manage for all thing but group leader were also guided by the field
supervisor.

iv) Group Division and Selection of group leader

It was difficult to handle 44 students by one person and two people that are why three group
leaders had been chosen by the member according to the member interest later this group had
been dismissed and again next group made on the basis of group and sub groups. Many
groups and sub group also played vital role to form and reform group again and again.

iv) Preparation of questionnaire

Students had prepared questionnaire side by side and some of the students prepared in a field
because of not relativity of research question for individual research topic. With the help of
questionnaire students got specific objectives and answer of the research question from the
field.

v) Arrangement of the transportation, accommodation

It was difficult to arrange transportation for 44 students and 3 supervisors. Managing all
transportation, and accommodation responsibilities were given to the group leader under the
control of field supervisor. Group leader managed all the things for the group member but it
was really difficulty to arrange good hospitality in a group for 13 days in different locality
basically in a remote area.

6. Issue Projected Objectives

Objectives set goals and goals set action. similarly here are some major issue
projected objectives which helped to formulate and complete role and task as fallows;
i) To find out the reason behind group conflicts in a group during field work.
ii) To find out the effect of the group conflict in a group.
iii) To analysis the situation created by group conflict in and outside the group.
iv) To analysis the personal relationship with friends caused by the group conflict.

Above four objectives are the major issue projected objectives. All the research and action
which had been held at Sindhuli is only to find out these major four objectives. So it is clear
that to find out reason behind group conflict, effect of the group conflict in a group, situation
created by the group conflict in and outside the group are the four major objectives of the this
project or research.

7. Issue Addressing Activities

Activities regarding to the field work known as issue addressing activities. Without issue
addressing activities it is not possible to know what researcher is doing and is researcher is
reaching to the destiny. On the basis of issue projected objectives activities can conclude the
real findings. Here are some major activities which had been done to the field as fallows;

i) Cooperation, discussion and interaction between

a) College administration: College administration is educational institution to take full
responsibility of the all student in terms of field work practicum. All the credit goes to the
college administration. College existence is so much significant. So that discussion is
necessary not only for the educational existential but it is also needed to have a discussion,
interaction and cooperation with college administration to accomplish this research. So firstly
major work seems discussion interaction and cooperation is most significant.

b) Supervisor: Field supervisor is the guideline for students to complete task named research
on different research topic and student only can get suggestion, guideline by supervisor so
discussion, communication, cooperation is necessary. That's why this is also one of the major
work done in field.
c) Group leader and group member: To find out the result or for finding it so much
important to stay in a group to observe group's and sub groups' behavior, interaction,
activities, way of communication, nature, personality of a person to find out the answer of my
research topic. Mainly participation is the most significant tools to analysis conflict in a
group. That's why it is so much prominent to discuss, cooperate, and interact with group
leader and group members.

ii) Evaluation of group formation process for field work: Group represents two or more
than two person where common interest, common interest, mutual understanding,
cooperation plays significant role. In terms of group formulation process for field, in the
beginning group had been divided in terms of elective subject taken by student for the 2nd
semester as conflict management, organization management and culture. In the beginning it
was good equally members of the group had been divided. Later with in a one night group
leader forced to come in his own group because of personal group conflict. To reconcile the
group, he forced other group member's to be a part of his group. Other group members were
not satisfied with that leader decision but they accept that group reformation process. Later
again group reformed and the member of the group were less and more in another group. This
was not a systematic group formation process. Later when the field was placed then the group
which was reformed to reconcile but that group again separated in a sub group. This was a
not good example of group formation process and because of that reason field placement
became so much critical. Because of that conflict, one group decided to go them self without
supervisor but taking risk themselves. This sub group's members also did not participate in
another group. They also took risk and stay separated in one place. Remaining other
members of the group need to be mixed in another group and that group became huge group.
It created many problems in adjustment, accommodation, room arrangement and so on. That
reason also was the causes of conflict in a group.

iii) Evaluation upon individual's nature and behaviors of the group members:
Combination of the individual is the component of the group and individualism is the
principle of the group. Individual is different than other individual. Individual is the product
of the socialization process where cultural, social, religious, political, ethical, economical,
aspect of the life. Every individual is different than another because of nature and nurture.
Individual difference plays vital role to make a group complex and simple. If the members
have a common interest, we feeling and sense of mutual understanding then a group work
moves forward smoothly. In the field work there were no proper mutual understanding
cooperation, communication and acceptance in a group and outside of the group. Social work
students were in the field even there were no proper group work division and roles and
responsibilities and many of students were not in order according to the supervisor. This is all
because of individual behavior and nature.

iv) Evaluative observation upon subgroup's behaviors with in a sub group and in a
group: Every group it is conformed that there is chance of sub group and that sub group may
make a good or bad impact with in a sub group or group. Sub group is the product of the
interest group on norms, values, friendliness, adjustment, attachment and so on. That sub can
huge in a sub group as well as in a group. It depends on the nature or spirit of the group.

Sub group behavior and activities seems like in mutual understanding, cooperation,
communication and acceptance. Sub group used to go together at outside and had a dinner
together. They used to share same room as well. They could adjust whatever resources they
had. Even they used to share one dinner or lunch set it is all because of group bonding and
mutual understanding. Same behaviors, attitude and commonness had seen in many sub
groups during field.

Sub group is the influential part for the group. Sub group's initiation, contribution might
change in a large scale. If the sub group is serious then it can influence and impact to the
whole group and if the sub group is not serious and responsible that may cause many conflict
to the group. Sub group behavior and activities can play important role to make a group alive
or a death. That level of analysis had been done in the field of Sindhuli to know the real
situation of the sub group behavior and it impact with in a sub group and group.

8. Findings

Full participation and experiment of the field work during 15 days in Sindhuli, Viman can
conclude bellows points are the major finding on the basis of research question and its
specific objectives as;
a) Nature and type of group conflict during field work:

During field work many conflict occurs within a group members, between groups, sub
groups, sub group and group on the basis of behave, activities, team work and adjustment.
Let's see nature and type of group conflict during field work in briefly mainly on three types.

i) Conflict in group members:

This is one of the types of group conflict where conflict remains only in group member, one
group members to another group member not in between sub group or groups but in only
between members of different member of the group. In this group only the member of the
group have a conflict on the basis of behavior, attitude, activities and adjustment.

ii) Conflict between groups:

Conflict between groups represents the conflict between two or more than two groups where
there exists contradiction, controversy and these components create conflict and that conflict
exist in two or more than two groups.

iii) Conflict between sub groups and groups:

Sometimes conflict occurs between subgroups and groups. Sub group may have a conroversy
situation or environments between only one group and many groups. And the reason behind
the conflicts remains same like other.
iv) Conflict between subgroups:
Conflicts that occurs not in a group or members of the groups but just between one or more
sub groups in a several times known as a conflict between subgroups. One or many sub
subgroups may have conflict between sub groups.

b) Causes behind group conflict: Here are some major causes or reasons behind group
conflict are;
Lack of well management
Decision making
Poor communication:
Failure to follow group norms:
Different behavioral styles or preferences:
Performance deficiencies
Favoritism
Unworthy competition
Personal relationship
Show off attitude
Ambiguity about means and ends
Adjustment Problem:
Creation of sub-group:
Unavailable or responsible supervisor:
Above points are the main causes or reason behind group conflict. These reason made a
difficult and complicate field work practice. It was studied many causes of group conflict in a
text book or in a theoretical framework but these reason are the field work experiment and
test upon reason behind group conflict in field work practice.

b) Effect of group conflict: Conflict definitely impact upon a group. Because of conflict
many obstacles and challenges accurse in group as a impact so here are some prominent
effect of group conflict in field work practice as follows:

i) Miss behaves and domination:

ii) Difficulties in Group management:
iii) Field placement problem:
iv) Arrogant between group members
v) Clash between sub groups
vi) Problem in group work
Vii) Lack of effectiveness work in group work
viii) Lack of unity, cooperation, coordination and mutual understanding
ix) Communication gap
x) Lack of participation in a group

c) Impact of group conflict in a group

In every group there is a existence of subgroup and sub group has that power to make
environment and situation good or bad. Sub group is the product of the common interest,
share values as well as close bonding between members. Sub group can impact badly in a
group so here are some major impacts of group within a group as belows:
i) Influence to the group for positive and negative change
ii) Conflict aroused with in a group:
iii) Separation from sub group.
iv) Ignorance and negligence between group members
v) Creation of group division
vi) Making escape goat to the small sub group or isolated person.

On the basis of above point I can claim conflicts power is so much powerful to make a group
managed or problematic. Group conflict can impact badly to the groups in terms of
management, team work, and so on. Therefore it can say that sub group is the prominent
property to make group work effective and worthy.

9. Encounter and Experiences

15 days field work of the MSW program on second semester was the first academic field
work for me. I learnt many things during field wok even it was not according my expectation.
After accomplished my field work I can conclude that this field was not well managed,
systematic and disciplined even though I experienced many things in my life for the first time
and it was memorable for me. I want to express my encounter and experience through my
learning experience and personal feeling.

9.1 Learning Experience

I learnt many things from the field as a group leader, researcher and
participators. I know that this learning will be fruitful for in my coming days.

Group Leader:
Three group leaders were chosen for field I was one of them. My responsibilities were to
handle group members for appropriate management. I need to take care of group members
directly and in directivity. I have to manage transportation and accommodation cooperating
to the related resources person for the fieldwork. As a group leader I became able to know the
real meaning of the group leader being a part of this field work. The members of my groups
were cooperative. They were in my under and I was under supervisor. Supervisor used to
guide me and I used to guide them during field work.
Researcher:

Researcher was also my duty to answer my research question on the basis of its specific
objective in the field work. During field work I tried to find out answer regarding to reason
behind the group conflict, effect of the group work in group and impact of subgroup within
group. With the help of observation, informal interview, sharing, communication,
participation I tried to find out the behind group conflict. Many obstacles and challenges were
there but when field completed I became able to result out the experimental finding from
field work which I have mention on findings parts.

Participators:
Participation is one o the major component of the field to conduct a field work or research. I
experienced and felt many things regarding to the field as a participator. Participatory
approach is so much effective tools to analyze, observe, and evaluate the goal of field work.
Thus participation was significant for field work and I played a vital role to trace out result or
answer the research question.

9.2 Personal Felling

This was my first bitter experienced of field work from academic institution. I had gone many
field works in different places for different programs and project but I found this is not well
managed, systematic during my life. My previous fields were so much memorable and
satisfied with task to accomplished goals of project or field.

Three groups were in the field and I was one leader of these groups. As a group leader I tried
my best to cope with group members to make group strong and making them united. I found
my group members are so much cooperative and supportive. I helped worked together during
field work. I also learned many things from them and I hope they also learnt from me.

During field work I tried to observe, evaluate, discussed with many people and group of
people to know Sindhulis social, political, religious aspect beyond my research topic being a
part of that society. Many complexity and diversities were in Sindhuli. Cultural, social,
ecological, geographical and so on diversity were found in the field work.

During field work we did one awareness program and street drama among in local market.
That was also one of the unforgettable moments of the life during field work. I took many
interviews with many different people of the society like political leaders, women groups and
youth groups to get more knowledge about Sindhuli. I interviewed endangered indigenous
people known as "Hayu" to know their condition as well.

We went Janakpur as well to visit Janakpur temple. It was good memory with friends. We
experienced many things during field. Lots of sharing and time spending made us close
within a sub group. Many new things we knew about friends. Visiting market, having
"kimbu" (fruits like Grasp) were a remembrances of the field work.

Field was fruitful but we couldn't get proper utilization of time and places. During field work
what we did it was not sufficient success. We could get many successes during field work.
This field work was not well managed, systematic, disciplined and well planned. That's why I
want to say this field was first bored and unsatisfied field work even we had lots of fun but
not from the research perspective for me

10. Generalizations drawn from the Field Study

Field work is the implementation part of research question and it gives picture of answer of
research question. During field work, many challenges, problems and obstacles aroused but
we completed our field work that was one of the best parts of field.

During field, on the basis of my participation and experiment I can conclude that group
conflicts always happens in a group. There are many causal factor that creates conflict in a
group and group conflicts badly impact in a group. Group conflict affects in a group, and sub
group is one influential and problematic aspect of the group. It becomes so much complicated
if group leader or responsible person can't handle it properly. Leadership styles and skills of
leadership only can handle group conflict. Conflict always never be bad but it also deals for
the betterment of the group. We need to think about its nature and origin of the group conflict
to deduct conflict.

Conflict is the product of the unfulfilled and unsatisfied need and demands. Conflict plays
very significant role to make a group work effective in terms of conflict resolution. Conflict
resolution is the way making group work effective through the team work by the help of
group leader or supervisor in terms of field work. Field work is an implementation phase
during a field work to answer the research question through research methodology, tools and
techniques to collect data.
From the experience of field work, I can easily say that in Nepal there is not a specific study
of the group conflict during a field work but from this field work there are different causes
which is not found in other study but these type of the conflict between group is the new
findings from the field.
References
https://books.google.com.np/books?
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Models for change in social group work

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http://amj.aom.org/content/48/5/830.full Retrieved date 5/28/2016
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https://www.boundless.com/ Retrieved date 5/28/2016
“Common Causes of Team Conflict.” Boundless Management. Boundless. Retrieved
5/28/2016

Annex-1
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3

Vassker Khanal (Group leader) Arjun Gadal (Group Leader) Mahendra KC

Basanta Dhungana Shilu Shubba Anima Shrestha

Ajit Maharhan Sujata Adhikari Namita Koirala

Umesh Lama Sulochana Maharjan Anju Limbu

Anuja Basnet Roma Bhandari Sandhya KC

Pabita Limbu Angela Maharjan Rajshree Rana

Binita dhakal Upama Khakda Praksah Pudasaini

Binita Khadki Manisha Ranabhat Suman Kutwal

Sobit Thapa Sheela Bogati

Samyog Dahal Rabindra Rawal

Sailesh Adhikari Sweta Bhandari

Chandra Prakash Bhuda Magar Kamal Kshetri

Abjit Thapa Pratima Pote

Prerana Khakda Pratima Bhatta

Laxmi Deshar Neeru Shrestha

Laxmi Giri Jeni Maharjan

Bipin Shrestha Sudha Achharya

Susmita Pun