MARYAM AISYA BINTI ABDULLAH

D20201092957

Illustrate how human body control and regulate the homeostasis after getting a fever.

Fever is an adaptive physiological response of our body to certain infectious agents. Certain

chemicals called pyrogens cause the hypothalamus to change the set point to a higher value

throughout a fever. Since the set point has been raised, you now feel cold despite having a body

temperature that is usually inside the safe range. This is what causes the "cold sweats" you get

when you have a fever. The hypothalamus will work to raise body temperature in response. The

hypothalamus causes skeletal muscles to shiver and blood vessels to constrict. Fever is believed

to boost the immune system's response. Infecting bacteria and viruses that are adapted to live

better at the usual homeostatic body temperature range may be harmed by the high temperatures.

This gives your immune cells a chance to kill the pathogens before they replicate and spread

across your body. There is also some indirect evidence that elevated body temperature affects

many metabolic responses, allowing the immune system to function more effectively. While

minor variations in core body temperature occur every day, depending on variables such as

circadian rhythm and menses, the core body temperature is tightly regulated in a narrow range.

Various pathologies result when a person is unable to control his or her body temperature. The

human body uses a variety of strategies to keep its core temperature stable. The body must be

kept at the proper temperature to work properly. The body must be able to transfer the rising

internal heat to its surface for release, which necessitates adequate intravascular volume and

cardiovascular function. Due to a typically reduced intravascular volume and decreased cardiac

function, the elderly are more prone to thermoregulation disorders. Afferent sensing, central

control, and efferent responses are the three mechanisms that regulate temperature. Heat and cold
receptors were found in the human body. Afferent sensing to determine whether the body core

temperature is too hot or cold uses these receptors. The hypothalamus is the thermoregulator's

master controller. Body temperature fluctuations are often responded to by an efferent

behavioural variable. When an individual overheated, for example, the natural reaction is to

reducing the temperature of air conditioning while if a person is too cold, they may put some

warm blanket. Efferent responses also include the body's unconscious responses to sudden

temperature changes, such as sweating, vasodilation, vasoconstriction, and shivering.

When the response to a stimulus is negative, the original stimulus is reduced. In

biological systems, negative feedback is the most common feedback loop. The mechanism works

to counter the trend of transition. This allows for the preservation of homeostatic equilibrium

since it helps to keep things constant. The lungs, for example, are signaled to increase their

activity and exhale more carbon dioxide as the concentration of carbon dioxide in the human

body rises or when your breathing rate increases. Another example of negative feedback is

thermoregulation. As the body temperature increases, skin receptors and the hypothalamus detect

the change. The brain receives an order from the temperature shift or also known as stimulus.

This order triggers a reaction such as sweating and dilation of blood vessels near the skin

surface, which helps in the reduction of body temperature.