ART APPRECIATION

Course Description

Is a three(3) unit course that develops students’ ability to appreciate, analyze and critique works of art. Through
interdisciplinary and multimodal approaches, this course equips students with a broad knowledge of the practical,
historical, philosophical, and social relevance of the arts in order to hone students’ ability to articulate their
understanding of the arts. The course also develops students’ competency in researching and curating art as well as
conceptualizing, mounting, and evaluating art productions. The course aims to develop students’ genuine appreciation
for Philippine arts by providing them opportunities to explore the diversity and richness and their rootedness in Filipino
culture.

MODULE 1-

HUMANITIES AND THE ARTS: NATURE- (CREATIVITY, IMAGINATION), ASSUMPTIONS, SYSTEM OF APPRECIATION,
AND FORMS

 What is Humanities
 Why study humanities
 The Importance of Studying Humanities
 Fundamental principles of Humanities
 Nature of art
 Assumptions of Art
 System in art appreciation
 Different art forms

HUMANITIES

- came from the word HUMANUS which means to be truly human.

To be truly human is to be culturally enhanced and refined
- In Latin, Humanities means to show qualities of rationality, kindness and tenderness

 In the renaissance period, colleges and universities coined the word humanities as art appreciation.
 Humanities is art itself.
 Humanities is the branch of learning which is concerned with the human thoughts, feelings and relations. (Human
expressions)

CULTURE
- comes from the Latin terms Cultus-Colere, which means to cultivate, to develop.
- the general way of life of human society, including ways of thinking, beliefs, customs, language, art, and
traditions.
Why study humanities?
The study of humanities is essential as the world shrinks due to the explosion of information technology.
Those who master the humanities and can “walk a mile in someone else’s moccasins” will be far more marketable than
those who cannot.
The humanities can first be used to understand the past which has created the present. The culture which we have was
shaped by the past.
The study of the humanities can also be used to realize differing interpretations of life and history. Studying facts of the
past helps to understand literature of the past. Art reflects the cultures of the past and shows how we achieved what we
have today.
But this is only the shell of humanities education. Humanities study brings us in contact with the best life has to offer –
History, music, art, philosophy, and literature. It is the study and contact with these topics that enrich our existence.

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING HUMANITIES

- It provides us with the opportunity to examine what it takes and what means to be human.
- It helps us recognize fundamental values and principles such as beauty, truth, love, justice and faith.
- It develops our capacity for critical thinking and appreciation for cultural heritage as reflected in different
Filipino works of art.

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING HUMANITIES

- It fosters understanding across barriers of race, class, gender and ethnicity.

- It helps us see the interconnectedness of all areas of knowledge- how they affect and complement one another.
- It introduces us to people who have never met, places we have never visited, and ideas that never crossed our
minds.

IMPORTANCE OF STUDYING HUMANITIES

- It helps us conceptualize a global perspective by studying cultures and tradition by artworks throughout the
world.
- It supports and strengthens local arts community by learning to appraise the value of creativity.
- It help us to address the challenges we fact together in our families, our communities, and our nation.
- It emphasizes the dignity of every human being.

FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLES OF HUMANITIES

- Its main goal is to the development of human virtue, in all its form, to all its fullest.
- It does not aim to remake humanity but rather to reform social order by understanding what is basically
inalienably human.
- It regards man as its central character along with his aesthetic, limitless potentials which can be used as tools in
transforming society.

NATURE OF ART
- originally comes from: Aryan root AR meaning “join”, or “put together”
- From this ancient etymon, two Greek verbs are derived:
  Artizein – to prepare
 Arkiskein – to put together
- The Latin terms ARS, ARTIS mean everything that is artificially made or composed by man
Art is the universal language that speaks to all people and is able to evoke emotions, ideas and thoughts. Living in a
world where written and spoken language is the primary form of communication, society has come to rely on their
voices to communicate their ideas, feelings and emotions. Art needs no words and the meaning of a work of art is up for
interpretation by the viewer.

ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

Art is timeless, famous works of art are valued by generations past, present and future. The world may advance
technologically but, the hearts and minds of people remain the same throughout time. Art is created in such a way that
all people, young or old, deaf or mute, can all enjoy and take a meaning away from it.

ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

That is what art is all about, communication of ideas, thoughts and emotions through visual representation. It appeals to
all people on some level and leaves its mark on our minds and inside our hearts.

Art is cultural. Art is not nature. Art involves experience. Art as expression, as a form of creation.
ASSUMPTIONS OF ART

Is art an imitation or a creation?

– Art tends to imitate, but to express nature with clarity and meaning. Art therefore is not mere copying of
things and nature, but is a creative activity.

Art is cultural. Art is not nature. Art involves experience. Art as expression, as a form of creation.

SYSTEM IN ART APPRECIATION

aka… Criteria for Judging. Description, Analysis, Content, Meaning and Judgment.

Art Appreciation is the knowledge and understanding of the universal and timeless qualities that identify all great art.
The more you appreciate and understand the art of different eras, movements, styles and techniques, the better you can
develop, evaluate and improve your own artwork.

 When do we say an art is BEAUTIFUL?

- Beautiful is that which is a source of pleasure. Thus, if an art is the reason of our pleasure, it is then beautiful.

 Where does beauty lie?

 Beauty is out there; it is objective. It is a primary quality that resides in the object.

 Beauty is not there. It is a secondary quality that resides in the perceiver.

 Beauty is neither primary nor secondary. It is tertiary in nature. It depends on the appropriate
situational perspective.

 Are there any criteria to determine the excellence of the works art?

- Art depends on individual feelings and opinions; tastes are relative and personal. It may vary according to
different periods and culture.

 If the appreciation of arts is subjective, can it be objective?

- Yes it can be objective as well

 How do we form good standards for art appreciation and judgment?

- Successive EXPERIENCES reveal to us insights of beauty and the meaning of art.

1. Through critical study of the properties of beauty: order, proportion, clarity, unity, balance, dominance.

2. Through the general consensus of experts.

 3. The final arbiter in the judgment of the works of art is TIME. Good art lasts long, if not immortal. Bad art is
ephemeral and transitory.

4. Get rid of our prejudices and personal sentiments.

 Is everything in nature and art beautiful? Why are certain things ugly?

- Everything in nature and art is beautiful for everything is created perfect according to its nature and form.
All things are beautiful and perfect in themselves, but not in relation to us.

The reasons:

a) Objects which we see everyday tend to lose their significance to us. People who have been in the
Banawe Rice Terraces for a long time will not see beauty of their mountains as in the eyes of a
tourist.

b) Certain things are dangerous to our lives like snakes and other wild animals.

c) Certain conditions in human life such as poverty and disease are referred to as ugly but once painted
in a canvass or described in a novel, they become meaningful and beautiful

Categories of beautiful:

1. The sublime – enjoyment is aroused by astonishment and awe like looking at the starry heavens, the majesty
of mountain ranges, the heroic acts of heroes and saints.

2. The Nice – enjoyment is aroused by sympathy, love, benevolence, tenderness and modesty like children,
flowers, flower arrangement, artifacts.

3. The Comic – enjoyment because it makes us laugh like satire and irony, the exaggerated, the repetitious, the
ridiculous and the playful.

The role of art criticism:

Criticism is a method of verifying or testing artistic works. It is a technique to stimulate the understanding of art
and to develop artistic sensibility.

Different forms of Arts:

 Visual Arts,

 Literature and Combined Arts,

 Performing Arts (Music and Dance)

 Applied Arts (Fashion and Furniture)

Divisions of arts:
1. With respect to purpose:

o Practical arts –directed to produce artifacts and utensils which cope with human needs like basket,
weaving, furniture making, agriculture etc…
o Liberal arts – intellectual efforts are considered like philosophy, psychology, social sciences…’
o Fine Arts – products of the human creativity in so far as they express beauty in different ways and
different media like drawing, painting, sketching…
o Major arts – characterized by their actual and potential expressiveness like music, poetry, sculpture
o Minor arts – connected with practical uses and purposes like interior design, landscape, porcelain
making …

2. With respect to media and forms

o Plastic arts – perceived by sense of sight like painting, sculpture, architecture…

o Phonetic arts – based on sounds and words like music, drama, literature…

o Kinetic arts – rhythmic movement like the different kinds of dances…

o Pure arts – which take only one medium of expression as sound in music, color in painting…

o Mixed arts – which use two or more media like opera, a combination of music, poetry and drama

Classification of Arts:

1. Space arts – visual arts

 2 dimensional(seen only in one angle

 Painting, printing, photography, drawing, sketching

 3 dimensional ( seen in several angles)

 sculpture, architecture

2. Time arts – auditory arts

music, dance, combination-musical theater/opera

MODULE 4

ARTISTS AND ARTISANS:

ART FORMS AND ARTWORKS, PRODUCTION AND CURATION PROCESSES OF ARTS

 An artist is a person who performs any of the creative arts. This can range from painting to music.

 An artisan (from French: artisan, Italian: artigiano) on the other hand, is a skilled craft worker who makes or
creates things by hand that may be functional or strictly decorative, for example furniture, decorative arts,
sculptures, clothing, jewelry, food items, household items and tools or even mechanisms such as the handmade

 Fine artists work with paint, watercolor, pen and ink, or illustrations, while artisans craft work like jewelry,
glasswork, pottery or other functional products. 

 Artists focus on creating aesthetically pleasing works, while artisans' work focuses on accessorizing and
functionality more than aesthetics.

Characteristics of Artist and Artisan

 Artistic Value: Artist: The object has a clear artistic value. Artisan: The object has an artistic value.

 Functional Value: Artist: The object has no functional value. Artisan: The object has a functional value.

 Object: Artist: The object has a lot of aesthetic value and is appreciated for this quality as it pleases the
individual. Artisan: The object though utilitarian has certain aesthetic attributes to it.

Which is more important, the artist or the artwork?

  “The art is more important than the artist. The work is more important than the person who does it. You must
be prepared to sacrifice all that you could possibly have, be, or do; you must be willing to go all the way for
your art.

Arts and Artist in the Different Art Forms and Artworks

 Art Forms. Traditional categories within the arts include literature (including poetry, drama, story, and so on),
the visual arts (painting, drawing, sculpture, etc.), the graphic arts (painting, drawing, design, and
other forms expressed on flat surfaces), the plastic arts (sculpture, modeling), the decorative arts 

 Artwork. A painting, sculpture, photograph, etc., that is created to be beautiful or to express an important idea
or feeling : an artistic work. : drawings, photographs, etc., that are included in books, magazines, and other
printed materials.

VISUAL ART

Visual Arts are art forms which are primarily visual in nature. Art that is visible to the naked eye.

Two categories of visual Arts:

  Graphics arts are those which are two dimensional; they have length and width.

 Plastic arts are those that are three dimensional; they have length, width and height.

Graphic Arts
 Painting is the practice of applying paint, pigment, color or other medium to a solid surface. the most common
tool used are brushes but others also use tools such as knives, sponges, and airbrushes.

Fernando Amorsolo –First Philippine national Artist

Defense of a Filipina Woman's Honour

Nestor Leynes
Mag-ina sa Banig

Joey Velasco- Kambas ng Lipunan

 Drawing is a two dimensional art form that mainly uses lines and shadings in a medium to form an image. The
most common and primitive tools used for drawings are pencils and papers.

Portrait drawing is a drawing of a person or group of people that captures the personality of the subject.
Frequently, portraits are commissioned for special occasions, such as weddings or school events.
Landscape is all the visible features of an area of countryside or land, often considered in terms of their
aesthetic appeal.
Figurative Drawing is a drawing of the human form in any of its various shapes and postures using any of the
drawing media.
Fantasy Drawing is a drawing depicting imaginary, surreal or visionary themes
Illustration is a decoration, interpretation or visual explanation of a text, concept or process.
Caricature is the art of exaggerating the visual traits of a person or situation, creates a powerfully suggestive
picture. Caricatures can be insulting or complimentary and can serve a political purpose or be drawn solely for
entertainment.
Still life drawing  is a drawing or painting that focuses on still objects. The subject matter is inanimate and never
moves, typically with a focus on household objects, flowers, or fruits. Still life work contrasts figure
drawing which focuses on a live human model.
Drawing Sketches

 Graphic Process is a way of printing a design or text, often in multiple copies. Usually done digitally.
Silkscreen also known as screen-printing or serigraphy, this technique uses a stencil to create sharp-edged
images for multiple prints.
Offset Printing The traditional offset system involves transferring (offsetting) an inked image or design on a
printing plate to a rubber blanket which is then applied to the surface that will be printed.

 Commercial Art is historically a subsector of creative services, referring to art created for commercial purposes,
primarily advertising.
  Computer Art is any art in which computers played a role in production or display of the artwork.

 Photography is the art, science, and practice of creating pictures by recording radiation on a radiation-sensitive
medium, such as a photographic film, or electronic image sensors.

Eduardo Masfere – Father of Philippine Photography- Man with pipe

Bog Latonio – Sunog Kilay

 Printmaking is creating for artistic purposes an image on a matrix which is then transferred to a two-
dimensional (flat) surface by means of ink (or another form of pigmentation).

 Film making (or, in an academic context, film production) is the process of making a film, generally in the sense
of films intended for extensive theatrical exhibition. Filmmaking involves a number of discrete stages including
an initial story, idea, or commission, through screenwriting, casting, shooting, sound recording and pre-
production, editing, and screening the finished product before an audience that may result in a film release and
exhibition. Filmmaking takes place in many places around the world in a range of economic, social, and political
contexts, and using a variety of technologies and cinematic techniques.

Plastic Arts

 Architecture the art and science of designing and erecting buildings and other physical structures.
Architecture (Latin architectura, from the Greek arkhitekton "architect", from "chief" and  "builder") is both the
process and the product of planning, designing, and constructing buildings and other physical structures.
Architectural works, in the material form of buildings, are often perceived as cultural symbols and as works of
art. Historical civilizations are often identified with their surviving architectural achievements.

Egyptian Architecture

Mesopotamian Architecture

Greek Architecture

Byzantine

Romanesque

Gothic

Modern

Juan Nakpil- Father of Philippine Architecture, Sanctuario de Santo Cristo

Landscape Architecture is the design of outdoor and public spaces to achieve environmental, socio-behavioral,
and/or aesthetic outcomes.
 City Planning is a technical and political process concerned with the development and design of land use and the
built environment, including air, water, and the infrastructure passing into and out of urban areas, such
as transportation, communications, and distribution networks.[1] Urban planning deals with physical layout of
human settlements.[2] The primary concern is the public welfare,[1][2] which includes considerations of
efficiency, sanitation, protection and use of the environment,[1] as well as effects on social and economic
activities.[3

 Interior Design is the art and science of enhancing the interior of a building to achieve a healthier and more
aesthetically pleasing environment for the people using the space. An interior designer is someone who plans,
researches, coordinates, and manages such enhancement projects. Interior design is a multifaceted profession
that includes conceptual development, space planning, site inspections, programming, and research,
communicating with the stakeholders of a project, construction management, and execution of the design.

 Sculpture The art of making two or three dimensional representative or abstract forms, specially by carving
stone or wood or by casting metal or plaster.

Linear focuses on art that is created through linear lines using different materials.

Free Standing is a sculpture where the image can be seen from all standing.

Relief is a sculpture where the image is attached to the ground

Kinetic c sculpture, sculpture in which movement (as of a motor-driven part or a changing electronic image) is
a basic element. In the 20th century the use of actual movement, kineticism, became an important aspect
of sculpture.

Assemblage is a sculpture where the elements present are just assembled.

 Craft an activity involving skill in making things by hand

Paper Craft

Decorative Craft

Fashion Craft

Functional Craft

 Weaving
 Pottery
 Physical Ornamentation
 Dress and costume

 Literature
 from Latin litterae (plural)
-Art of written works
 LITERATURE

Literature is said to be “The Mother of Arts’’. Literature is derived from Latin

littera meaning `an individual` written character (letter) and literature is literally
`acquaintance with letters.”. It is used to describe anything from creative writing to
more technical or scientific works, but the term is most commonly used to refer to
works of the creative imagination, including works of poetry, drama, fiction, and
nonfiction.

LITERATURE is a time art. TIME ART is an art which present an organized

series of stimuli within a framing time span and which therefore must be
experienced in a sequence as having a beginning,

Categories of Literature and Classification of Literature

Categories of Literature:

1. Imaginative /fiction literature ex. Poems, short stories, novels, plays

2. Non-fiction literature ex. Biographies, essays

Classification of Literature

1. Escape literature is written for entertainment purposes, that is, to help us pass
the time in an agreeable manner.
2. Interpretative Literature is written to broaden and sharpen our awareness of life.

Uses of Literature

General Types of literature

Uses of Literature

!. Moralizing literature is a kind of literature that is used to present moral values for
the reader to understand and appreciate; the moral may be directly or indirectly
stated.

2. Propaganda Literature is a kind of literature that was found not only in history
books and advertising and marketing books but also in some books describing one’s
personal success and achievements in life

3. Psychological continuum of the individual-therapeutic value is a kind of literature

that provide therapeutic experience to the reader
Novel is a fictitious prose narrative of book length, typically representing character and action with some degree of
realism

 An epistolary novel is a novel written as a series of documents. The usual form is letters, although diary entries,
newspaper clippings and other documents are sometimes used. ...

 The picaresque novel (Spanish: picaresca, from pícaro, for "rogue" or "rascal") is a genre of prose fiction that

depicts the adventures of a roguish, but "appealing hero", of low social class, who lives by his wits in a corrupt
society

 Gothic fiction, which is largely known by the subgenre of Gothic horror, is a genre or mode of literature and film
that combines fiction and horror, death, and at times romance.

 Utopian and dystopian fiction are genres of speculative fiction that explore social and political structures.
Utopian fiction portrays a setting that agrees with the author's ethos, having various attributes of another reality
intended to appeal to readers. 

 Detective novel is a subgenre of crime fiction and mystery fiction in which an investigator or a detective—either

professional, amateur or retired—investigates a crime, often murder.

 Science fiction (sometimes shortened to sci-fi or SF) is a genre of speculative fiction that typically deals

with imaginative and futuristic concepts such as advanced science and technology, space exploration, time
travel, parallel universes, and extraterrestrial life.

 Nature novel is a type of extreme realism. This movement suggested the roles of family, social conditions, and
environment in shaping human character.

 Psychological novel is one that focuses on the complex mental and emotional lives of its characters and explores
the various levels of mental activity.

 Religious novel is literary fiction that has a religious element. Some people tend to think of religious items
of fiction as having to do with the religious affiliation of the author, but generally, experts only consider
it religious fiction as it addresses religious elements in the actual work

 The social novel, also known as the social problem (or social protest) novel, is a "work of fiction in which a
prevailing social problem, such as gender, race, or class prejudice, is dramatized through its effect on the
characters of a novel".[

 A romance novel or romantic novel is a type of novel and genre fiction which places its primary focus on the
relationship and romantic love between two people, and usually has an "emotionally satisfying and optimistic
ending."

 The sentimental novel or the novel of sensibility is an 18th-century literary genre which celebrates the
emotional and intellectual concepts of sentiment, sentimentalism, and sensibility. ...
A legend (/ˈlejənd/) is a story about human events or actions that has not been proved nor documented in real history.
Legends are retold as if they are real events and were believed to be historical accounts. They usually tell stories about
things that could be possible, so both the storyteller and the audience may believe they are true. Its meaning stems
from the Medieval Latin term legenda, meaning “things to be read.” and from the Latin legendus.

A Fable

In literature, a fable (pronounced fey-buh l) is a short fictional story that has a moral
or teaches a lesson. Fables use humanized animals, objects, or parts of nature as
main characters, and are therefore considered to be a sub-genre of fantasy.

An ugly, warty frog sat on his lily pad enjoying the sunshine. Another frog hopped
along and said, “wow, you are hideous! There is no way you will ever find a mate!”
Just then, a beautiful princess came to the pond, scooped up the ugly frog, and
planted a big kiss on his warty nose. He instantly turned into a tall, handsome
prince, and walked off hand in hand with the princess as the other frog watched with
his mouth wide in astonishment. Never judge a book by its cover.

This short story constitutes a fable for two key reasons: first, its main characters are
anthropomorphic frogs (frogs that have been given human qualities); they have
been given the ability to speak for the story. Second, the story ends with a lesson—
“never judge a book by its cover”—which is relayed to the audience when the ugly
frog turns into a prince.

Essay is a short literary composition in prose dealing with a single matter usually from a personal point of view. Thus, it is
revelatory of the author’s state, opinions, prejudices, moods, and in general personality. Essays may either be forma or
informal but there are more specific subdivisions.

 Reflective essay is one that constitute a critical examination of a life experience and is akin to a diary entry,
except that others will be reading it so it needs to have a great deal of coherence and a good structure.

 The descriptive essay is a genre of essay that asks the student to describe something—object, person, place,
experience, emotion, situation, etc.

 A narrative essay is a type of essay that has a single motif, or a central point, around which the whole narrative
revolves. All incidents, happenings, and characters revolve around a single motif presented in the narrative. A
narrative essay is similar to a simple five-paragraph essay, in that it has the same format. It is only different in
that it is a narrative, having characters, incidents, and dialogues.
  The expository essay is a genre of essay that requires the student to investigate an idea, evaluate evidence,
expound on the idea, and set forth an argument concerning that idea in a clear and concise manner.

 A persuasive essay, also known as an argumentative essay, is a piece of academic writing where you use logic
and reason to show that your point of view is more legitimate than any other. You must expose clear arguments
and support them by convincing facts and logical reasons.

 A biography essay is an essay where you tell the story of a person's life.

 A critical essay is a type of academic writing where the author analyzes and evaluates a text. For an essay to
become critical, you need to claim a text's particular ideas and then support that claim with evidence.

 Nature essay is one that attempts to picture the world of God’s creation and may do so in a graphic, pictorial
vein of a more thoughtful, philosophical manner.

 The periodical essay was a new literary form that emerged during the early part of the eighteenth
century. Periodical essays typically appeared in affordable publications that came out regularly, usually two or
three times a week, and were only one or two pages in length.

 A didactic essay is written from a second-person point of view. The didactic essay focuses more on instructing
than entertaining. Thomas Carlyle ...

An Anecdote

An anecdote (pronounced an-ik-doht) is a very short story that is significant to the

topic at hand; usually adding personal knowledge or experience to the
topic. Basically, anecdotes are stories. Like many stories, anecdotes are most often
told through speech; they are spoken rather than written down.

Example
Picture a mother and a father discussing whether or not to get a dog for the family.
The father says:

You know, when I was a kid, my dog was my best friend. My childhood was
better because of him.

The mother contemplates his story—a.k.a. his anecdote—and then agrees that
they should get a dog..

Below are several typical types of anecdotes.

a. Humorous- An anecdote that adds humor to the topic at hand. For example, two friends are arguing about
driving directions. The driver tells the passenger to turn off the GPS, insisting that he knows the way. The
passenger replies, “oh, like the time we turned it off and ended up out in the middle of that cow farm?!”  We
then see a flashback of their car surrounded by loudly mooing cows.

b. Reminiscent A story that remembers something general about the past or a specific event, expressed in ways
such as “that reminds me of…”, “when I used to…”, “I remember when…”, and so on. For example, a child asks
her grandmother for $2 to buy candy at the store, and the grandmother says, “you know back in my day, all you
needed was a penny to go to the candy shop! My grandmother would give me a nickel and I’d be a happy clam!”

c. Philosophical An anecdote expressed in order to make others think more deeply about the topic at hand. For
example, a group of college students are discussing the morality of lying; most are arguing that it is never okay
 to lie. One student offers an anecdote to the others: “what about families who lied to German soldiers, you
know, about hiding Jews in their homes during World War II? Do the lives saved justify the lies they told?” The
students then contemplate the validity of their prior arguments.

d. Inspirational An anecdote that is told in order to inspire hope or other positive emotions. They are often
about not giving up, achieving goals or dreams, making the impossible possible, and so on. For example, a doctor
talking to a group of war amputees tells them about a soldier who came in with no hands and no hope—but left
the hospital holding his newborn baby in his prosthetic hands.

e. Cautionary Stories that warn others about the dangers or negative consequences surrounding the topic at
hand. For example, a speaker is giving a talk to teenagers about the risks of using drugs. During his presentation,
he reminds them of a well-known straight-A student who died of a heroin overdose a few years before; warning
them that it could happen to anyone.

 A biography is simply an account or detailed description about the life of a person. It entails basic facts, such as
childhood, education, career, relationships, family, and death. Biography is a literary genre that portrays the
experiences of all these events occurring in the life of a person, mostly in a chronological order. Unlike a resume
or profile, a biography provides a life story of a subject, highlighting different aspects of his of her life. A person who
writes biographies, is called as a “biographer

Three types of Biography

A. Autobiography An autobiography tells the story of a person’s own life. While that person writes his own
account, he or she may take guidance from a ghostwriter or collaborator.

B. Biography A biography narrates the life story of a person, as written by another person or writer. It is further
divided into five categories:
- Popular biography
- Historical biography
- Literary biography
- Reference biography
- Fictional biography

C. Memoir This is a more focused writing than an autobiography or a biography. In a memoir, a writer narrates the
details of a particular event or situation that occurred in his or her lifetime.

Newspaper and oration

A newspaper is a periodical publication containing written information about current

events and is often typed in black ink with a white or gray background.
Newspapers can cover a wide variety of fields such as politics, business, sports and art,
and often include materials such as opinion columns, weather forecasts, reviews of local
services, obituaries, birth notices, crosswords, editorial cartoons, comic strips,
and advice columns.

An oration is a speech delivered in a formal and dignified manner. A skilled public

speaker is known as an orator. ... The term oration sometimes carries a negative
connotation: "any impassioned, pompous, or long-winded speech"
Poetry
Narrative poetry is a form of poetry that tells a story, often making the voices of a
narrator and characters as well; the entire story is usually written in metered verse.
Narrative poems do not need rhyme. The poems that make up this genre may be short
or long, and the story it relates to may be complex. It is normally dramatic, with
objectives, diverse and meter. [1] Narrative poems include epics, ballads, idylls, and lays.

Dramatic poetry encompasses a highly emotional story that's written in verse and
meant to be recited. It usually tells a story or refers to a specific situation. This would
include closet drama, dramatic monologues, and rhyme verse.

Lyric poetry is a formal type of poetry which expresses personal emotions or feelings,
typically spoken in the first person. [1] It is not equivalent to song lyrics, though they are
often in the lyric mode. The term derives from a form of Ancient Greek literature,
the lyric, which was defined by its musical accompaniment, usually on a stringed
instrument known as a lyre.[2] The term owes its importance in literary theory to the
division developed by Aristotle between three broad categories of poetry:
lyrical, dramatic, and epic

Theater and Drama

Theatre or theater[a] is a collaborative form of performing art that uses live performers,
typically actors or actresses, to present the experience of a real or imagined event
before a live audience in a specific place, often a stage. The performers may
communicate this experience to the audience through combinations of gesture, speech,
song, music, and dance. Elements of art, such as painted scenery and stagecraft such
as lighting are used to enhance the physicality, presence and immediacy of the
experience.[1] The specific place of the performance is also named by the word "theatre"
as derived from the Ancient Greek θέατρον (théatron, "a place for viewing"), itself from
θεάομαι (theáomai, "to see", "to watch", "to observe").

Drama is the specific mode of fiction represented in performance:

a play, opera, mime, ballet, etc., performed in a theatre, or
on radio or television.[1] Considered as a genre of poetry in general, the dramatic
mode has been contrasted with the epic and the lyrical modes ever
since Aristotle's Poetics (c. 335 BC)—the earliest work of dramatic theory.[2]
The term "drama" comes from a Greek word meaning "action" (Classical
Greek: δρᾶμα, drama), which is derived from "I do" (Classical Greek: δράω, drao).
The two masks associated with drama represent the traditional generic division
between comedy and tragedy.

Most popular vernacular drama or play presentations

a) Moro-Moro depicts the battle between the Christians and Muslims and the adaptations of the legends
about knight-errant’s and princesses.

b) Carillo. It is a shadow play using puppets made from cardboard.

The themes were derived from the libretto from “Don Quixote”, “Buhay ng Mahal ng Panginong
Hesukristo”

c) Zarzuela is piece of entertainment with improvised plots that used in comic, tragic, fantastic,
melodramatic or a combination of all. Later, these “Fiestas de Zarzuelas” were simply called Zarzuela
that involves singing and dancing in it. It has no definite form. Singing was free and imaginative.
 d) Cenakulo is Traditional dramatization of the events regarding Jesus Christ suffered before and after
crucify him. Derivative such tradition in the Bible and other text apokripa. Usually held in the streets or
in the yard of the church. 

 Dance
Dance involves a successive group of bodily motions and steps rhythmically performed and timed to music. It is
said to be “The Oldest of the Arts” and “Mother of the Arts”. Dancing is both an art and a form of recreation. As
an art, a dance may tell a story, set a mood, or express an emotion. As a form of recreation, dancing has long
provided fun, relaxation, and companionship.
Music and poetry exist in time; painting and architecture and space. But the dance live at once in time and
space.

Why people dance

 Worship

 Courtship

 Magical Powers

 Companionship

 To bring victory

 Restore health

 Fun and entertainment

 To give beauty and inspiration

 Relieve the monotony of life

 Express joy

KINDS OF DANCING

1) Ethnological/ETHNIC Dance

 This kind of dance is native to a special race or ethnic group.

 It includes folk dancing and religious rituals

 Folk Dancing is a form of social dancing that has become part of the customs and traditions of
people.
 Ritual dance

Philippine folk dance

2. Social or Ballroom Dance

 Ballroom dancing is regarded as a source of public entertainment.

 It is also a effective exercise as prescribed by medical practitioners to young professionals whose
work is sedentary in nature.

Cha Cha Cha

Samba

3. Theatrical or spectacularDance

 It performed for the entertainment of the spectators

 Includes the Ballet, modern dance musical comedy dances and tap dancing.

Hip Hop

Tap Dance-

 A formed of dance characterized by a tapping sound that is created from metal plates that
are attached to both the bull and heel of the dancers shoe. (picture of dancers shoe.)
 Tap dancers make frequent use of syncopation.
 Choreography typically starts on the eight or first beat count.
 Another aspect of Tap dancing is improvisation.
 This can either be done with music and follow the beats provided or without musical
accompaniment otherwise known as acapella dancing.

Musical Comedy

is a combination of modern dance, tap dance, ballroom dance, and acrobatics that can be performed either by a
soloist, groups or choruses from night clubs to television.

MUSIC

 The word music comes from the Greek word (mousike), which means “art of the Muses”. In Ancient Greece the
Muses included the goddesses of music, poetry, art and dance.

 Music is a sound that perceived by our hears.

 Music is the art of combining sounds of varying pitch to produce a coherent composition that is melodious,
harmonious, intelligible, and expressive of ideas and emotions.

 A form of entertainment that puts sounds together in a way that people like or find interesting. Most music
includes people singing with their voices or playing musical instruments.
 Music is an important part of people’s way of life like:

- Religious ceremonies

- Rite of passage ceremonies (graduation and marriage)

- Social activities

- Cultural activities

Nature of Music

1. Acoustical / Physical Characteristics

2.Cultural, Artistic Qualities, and Functional Characteristics - That Is, Power To Communicate Feelings And
Images And Our Capacity To Respond To Them And To The Music Itself.

Acoustic/Physical Characteristics

 Music is a Science. Acoustics is the science of sound and the physical basis of music.

 Music is Sound and Silence. Music is an aural phenomenon: we listen and respond to its sound.

 Music moves through Time. Music moves from one moment to the next as do motion picture.

Cultural, Artistic and Functional Qualities

 Music is an Art. Great music, as with the works of art, can have universal appeal, may be remembered for
hundreds of years, and has degree of substance that challenges the listener and the performer.
 Music is a Universal Phenomenon. Music exists in all nations and among all people and has existed as far
back in time as we know about people and their cultures. The musical languages, styles, and functions have
differed considerably.

 Music is a means of Expression. Music can communicate feelings and images and can generate aesthetic
responses, responses that may be universal and transcend cultural boundaries or may be culture-specific
(non-universal).

 Music is a Psychological Phenomenon. Music has the ability to affect and change people’s feelings and
attitudes. Music is used therapeutically to help physically and mentally challenged people.

 Music Changes. Music changes as the society it serves changes and because people’s needs and tastes
change.

 Music as a Process. People of all ages are involved in the process of music as creators, performers, or
listeners. Without these three functions, music does not exists.
 Music as a Process

 Creative Process. Choosing the elements of sound and organizing them in some way to achieve a desired
result-the creator’s own piece of music.

 Performance Process. Interpretative with the goal of adhering as closely as possible to the intentions of the
creator. A performer will interpret a piece of music based at times on his or her musical instincts.

 Listening Process. It can be passive as with background music, or active as with going to a concert or
listening attentively to a favorite CD.

Music Appreciation

 It is the acquired ability to listen to music

 intelligently. It implies two important facts:

 that the ability to appreciate music is not inborn, and

 that it may be acquired by anyone who makes up his mind to do so

MUSIC GENRES

 ROCK
 SWING
 HIP HOP POP
 BLUES
 FOLK
 SOUL
 COUNTRY
 RHYTHM AND BLUES
 CLASSICAL
 REGGAE
 HEAVY METAL
 JAZZ
 POP
 FUNK

Rock music is a broad genre of popular music that originated as "rock and roll" in the United States in the late
1940s and early 1950s, and developed into a range of different styles in the mid-1960s and later, particularly in
the United States and the United Kingdom. Wikipedia

Cultural origins: 1950s and 1960s, US and UK

Typical instruments: Vocals; electric guitar; bass guitar; drums; keyboards

Albums: Blood on the Tracks, The Doors, Led Zeppelin II, 

Stylistic origins: Rock and roll, Rockabilly, Blues, Electric blues, Folk music, Country music, Rhythm and

blues, Soul music, Jazz

Production Process  (The three main stages of production are)

Pre-production: Planning, scripting & storyboarding, etc.

Production: The actual shooting/recording.

Post-production: Everything between production and creating the final master copy. The production process, in
a nutshell, is pre-production → production → post production.

A. Pre-Production

Pre-production is the work done on a product, especially a film or broadcast program before full-scale
production begins.

In filmmaking and video production, pre-production formally begins once a project has been greenlit. At

this stage, finalizing preparations for production go into effect. Financing will generally be confirmed and
many of the key elements such as principal cast members, director and cinematographer are set. By the
end of pre-production, the screenplay is usually finalized and satisfactory to all the financiers and other
stakeholders.

During pre-production, the script is broken down into individual scenes with storyboards and all the
locations, props, cast members, costumes, special effects and visual effects are identified. An extremely
detailed shooting schedule is produced and arrangements are made for the necessary elements to be
available to the film-makers at the appropriate times. Sets are constructed, the crew is hired, financial
arrangements are put in place and a start date for the beginning of principal photography is set. At some
point in pre-production, there will be a read-through of the script which is usually attended by all cast
members with speaking parts, the director, all heads of departments, financiers, producers, and
publicists.

In the music industry, pre-production is a process whereby a recording artist spends time creating and
refining their musical ideas. The artist thus produces a song's demo recording, or rough draft, in order to
pre-establish the song's creative premise. This reduces the time and money spent in expensive studios.
The goal is to enter into the major recording phase of production with the basic and most promising
ideas having been already established.

B. Production

Production is the action of making or manufacturing from components or raw materials or the process
of being so manufactured.

Production is the actual filming of the video. The video production company you’re working with bring
their crew, equipment, talent (actors) and all necessary props out to the location and capture all the
footage necessary. If you’re adding elements such as motion graphics, animation or voice-overs in your
video, the material will be produced in the production stage.

The quality of footage you receive in production cannot be corrected in post-production, so make sure
the footage from production is the highest quality footage you can get!

c. post-Production
 Post Production is the work that is done on a film or recording after filming or recording has taken place.

Last, but certainly not least, is post production. Post-production, this is often referred to as ‘post’, is
organizing, cutting, coloring and editing the footage captured in production. Before entering the world
of video production, I thought the footage captured on the camera is the video product that we see on
the big screens. I wasn’t aware of the coloring that happens in post or the audio mixing.

 Post is where all the footage is constructed and the final touches, the elements that really make the
video pop, are added to the final product. When you boil it down, video production can be summed up
into three main parts: pre-production, production, and post-production. “

 Techniques used in music post-production include comping (compiling the best portions of multiple
takes into one superior take), timing and pitch correction (perhaps through beat quantization), and
adding effects. This process is typically referred to as mixing and can also involve equalization and
adjusting the levels of each individual track to provide an optimal sound experience. [3] Contrary to the
name, post-production may occur at any point during the recording and production process.

 Curation An Art Curator is responsible for implementing and managing art exhibitions and collections, typically
at museums, by collecting, organizing, evaluating and cataloging arts, collectibles and historical items. They also
often participate in conceptualizing exhibitions, researching artwork, and doing outreach for organizations by
providing instructional activities, educational and public service programs.

Art Curator Duties and Responsibilities

Manage Collections. The Art Curator must record and catalog all artwork and items in collections,
including researching objects for the purposes of identification and authentication.

Develop and Implement Exhibitions. Conceptualizing, planning and installing exhibitions is a crucial part
of an Art Curator’s job. This includes writing acquisition and exhibition proposals, planning the
presentation of and installing artwork and objects, as well as creating labels and interpretive materials
and training docents and other museum staff on exhibition presentation and information.

Research and Publication. Art Curators must play an active role in the art community by publishing
research and information to journals, catalogs and books.

Administer Public Programs In order to maintain a strong relationship with the public, Art Curators must
develop and oversee educational programs and donor cultivation plans for their organization.

Art Curator Skills

  

Core skills: Based on job listings we looked at; employers want Art Curators with these core skills. If you want to
work as an Art Curator, focus on the following:

1. Having a deep knowledge of the arts, including artists, artistic forms and artistic methods.

2. Possessing specialized knowledge of specific subjects in art and history

3. Working in museum settings with knowledge of exhibition development and operations as well as curatorial
practices

3. Developing relationships with important collectors, artists, scholars and others in the art market

4. Researching artists and related subjects

5. Managing multiple projects and collaborating with cross functional teams

Advanced skills: While most employers did not require the following skills, multiple job listings included them as
preferred. Add these to your Art Curator toolbox and broaden your career options.

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