Shape Optimization of A Plate: Workshop Problem 4

WORKSHOP PROBLEM 4
Shape Optimization of a
Plate
Objectives
■ Generate the FE-model
■ Unrestricted shape optimization
- variation of loadcases
■ Restricted shape optimization
- node movements in defined direction
- limitation of node movements
- explizit definition of the design space
MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-1

4-2 MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook
Workshop 4 Shape optimization of a plate
Model Description:
In contrast to the workshop example 3 the SHAPE of the plate should

stay the same. Goal of this exercise is the shape optimization of the
notch due to the imposed boundary conditions.
Figure 4.1 Geometry and boundary conditions of the plate

p1=100N/mm
140
p2=50N/mm
30
R=
y
x 80
Young’s Modulus: 2.1 * 105 N/mm2

Poisson Ration: 0.3
Length: 80mm
Width: 140mm
Thickness: 10mm
Loading1: 100N/mm
Loading2: 50N/mm

Introduction
First of all an unrestricted shape optimization shall be carried out where

both loadings p1 and p2 should be applied in one run.
Then the loadcases p1 and p2 should be applied separately.
Finally several restrictions of the movement of the design nodes should be

investigated.
a) - force the design nodes to move in a specified direction
b) - limit the absolut displacement of the design nodes in a specified

direction
c) - define the boarders of the design space explicitly by solids

Exercise Procedure:
1. Unrestricted shape optimization

1.1 Prepare the FE-Model with MSC/PATRAN
Use the FE-model from the workshop example 3 (shape.bdf) and add the
loading p2=50N/mm at the right edge.
For the shape optimization you have to define a group of nodes which are
allowed to move.
Only surface nodes are allowed for shape optimization.
Figure 4.2 Design nodes

Create two subcases within MSC/PATRAN.
◆ Loadcases
- Subcase1 with p1=100N/mm as well as the constraints
- Subcase2 with p2=50N/mm and also the constraints.
Before you generate the MSC/NASTRAN input file shape.bdf you

explicitly must select these two loadcases in "Subcase Selected" in the menu:
◆ Analysis.
Then the MSC/NASTRAN input deck has to be created for the

optimization process like in workshop example No. 1 (see page 1-11).
1.2 Creation of the MSC/NASTRAN Input Deck without MSC/

PATRAN
If the MSC/NASTRAN Input Deck will be not created with MSC/

PATRAN be aware that the command strfield = all has to be above
subcase level or to be defined in each subcase (see page 1-12, Workshop
example1).
1.3 Create the parameter file for a simple shape optimization in

MSC/PATRAN
● Use both loadcases for the simple shape optimization
1.3.1 Start the MSC/CONSTRUCT Interface in MSC/PATRAN.
MSC/CONSTRUCT
Action: Create
Object: Parameter File
Method: Shape
Parameter File Name: shape_simple
Input Parameter...

1.3.2 Create the Data Input Section
For the shape optimzation the boundary nodes must be selected and
marked. Further the element quality should be checked when the
model is loaded.
Read Options
❐ Select and mark surface nodes ◆ On
❐ Check Elm Qual after Input ◆ On
❐ Read SPC ◆ On
Create
Load the FE-Model data (nodes and elements) for the optimization
Select Input File

Input Files: shape.bdf
Create
1.3.3.Create the Object Definition Section
Include the nodes of the notch in the optimization group (except the two
corner nodes.
Groups
Group Name: Design_Nodes
Type: Node
Select Nodes: Node 397:407:1
494:503:1
Add
Create

1.3.4.Create the Optimization Section
Specify the formula for the stress calculation --> Stress hypothesis: von Mises
hypothesis
Load Calculation
Load Calc Name: LOAD_CALC_1
Type: Hypo
Component: Mises
Create
Define the remesh area
Remesh
Remesh Name: remesh1
Existing Element Group: ALL_ELEMENTS
Define Algorithm Type4
Define the objective function --> Objective function is the stress
Objective Function
Objective Name: OBJ_FUNC_1
Type: Stress
Variable: None
Value: 20
Create
Specify the optimization type and assign the design variables, an objective
function and the stress hypothesis. Highlight the names in the boxes.
Optimization
Existing Groups: Design_Nodes
Existing Load Calc: LOAD_CALC_1
Existing Objective: OBJ_FUNC_1
Create

- Specify the maximum number of iteration cycles
Termination Criteria
Type: Maximum Iteration
Number of Iteration: 10
Create
1.3.5 Create the Output Section
Output Request
Predefined Macros: uf_shape_pat.mac
Create
Create and save the parameter file to shape_simple.par (like in workshop

example No.1, chapter 3)
Figure 4.3 Parameter file shape_simple.par

! -----------------------------------------------
! INPUT FILE FOR SHAPE OPTIMIZATION
! MODEL :SHAPE_SIMPLE
! AUTHOR :training
! DATE :16-Jul-98 14:14:17
! LAST CHANGE :
! REMARKS :
! DESCRIPTION :
!--- DATA INPUT SECTION

READ_OPTION, SF_IDENT, ON
READ_OPTION, ELEM_QUALITY, ON
READ_OPTION, SPC, ON
READ, shape.bdf
!--- OBJECT DEFINITION SECTION
SELECT, NODE, S, NODE , 397 , 407 , 1

SELECT, NODE, A, NODE , 494 , 503 , 1
GROUP_DEF, NODE, Design_Nodes
!--- OPTIMIZATION SECTION

LOAD_CALC, LOAD_CLAC_1, HYPO, MISES
REMESH, remesh1, GROUP, ALL_ELEMENTS
REMESH, remesh1, ALGO, TYPE_4
OBJ_FUNC, OBJ_FUNC_1, STRESS, 20, FIX
OPTIMIZE, SHAPE, Design_Nodes, OBJ_FUNC_1, LOAD_CLAC_1, remesh1
STOP, ITER_MAX, 10
!--- OUTPUT SECTION

INCLUDE, uf_shape_pat.mac
SAVE
EXIT

Carry out the optimization and check the results. The results will be
shown for Loadcase 1 and 2.
Figure 4.4 Stresses before iteration
Figure 4.5 Stresses after the 9th iteration

Figure 4.5 Model after the Optimization

1.4. Selection of Loadcase 1
In this workshop example there are two loadcases. If nothing is specified

then the optimization uses all exisisting loadcases ( compare with the
further example).
The optimization can carry out also with selecting of a specific loadcase.
1.4.1 Read in the existing parameter file shape_simple.par.
MSC/Construct
Action: Read
Select Parameter File
Parameter File Name: .../shape_simple
Apply
Action: Create
Method: Shape
Parameter File Name: .../shape_simple.par
Input Parameter
1.4.2 Modify the Optimization Section
Specify the loadcase which should be selected for the optimization.
Load Calculation
Load Calc Name: LOAD_CALC_1
Type: Loadcase
LC #: 1
Create
Save the parameter file under the new name two_load_1.par.

Figure 4.7 Parameter file two_load_1.par

-----------------------------------------------
! MODEL :LOAD1
! AUTHOR :training
! DATE :16-Jul-98 14:35:07
! LAST CHANGE :
! REMARKS :
! DESCRIPTION :
READ, shape.bdf
LOAD_CALC, LOAD_CALC_1, HYPO, MISES
LOAD_CALC, LOAD_CALC_1, LOADCASE, 1
OBJ_FUNC,OBJ_FUNC_1, STRESS, 20, FIX
OPTIMIZE, SHAPE, Design_Nodes,OBJ_FUNC_1, LOAD_CALC_1, remesh1
STOP, ITER_MAX, 10
!--- OUTPUT SECTION
SAVE
EXIT
Carry out the optimization and compare the stresses before and after the
4th optimization cycle with Figure 4.7 and 4.8

Figure 4.8 Stress after the 9th iteration
Figure 4.9 Model after optimization

● Definition of Loadcase 2
For creation of the parameter file two_load_2.par repeat the procedure
1.4 and select the loadcase 2
Figure 4.10 Parameter file two_load_2.par
! -----------------------------------------------
! MODEL :LOAD2
! AUTHOR :training
! DATE :16-Jul-98 14:35:24
! LAST CHANGE :
! REMARKS :
! DESCRIPTION :
READ, shape.bdf


LOAD_CALC, LOAD_CALC_1, LOADCASE, 2
STOP, ITER_MAX, 10
!--- OUTPUT SECTION

SAVE
EXIT
Carry out the optimization and see the results in Figure 4.11 and Figure
4.12.

Figure 4.11 Stress after the 9th iteration
Figure 4.12 Model after optimization

2. Restricted shape optimization
2.1 Node movement in defined directions

In this taste the movements of the design nodes will be restricted to pre-
defined directions.
The allowed directions will be introduced by new coordinate system.
Figure 4.13 Defined restrictions
y x
z CS_2
2.1.1 Read in the existing parameter file shape_simple.par.
Read in the existing parameter file shape_simple.par how it is described

in page 4-11

2.1.2 Modify the Object Definition Section
Define a new coordinate system
Coordinate System
Coordinate System Name: CS_2
Type: Rectangular
Data: Local
Coordinate Frame: CS_0
Origin Point Coordinate:
X Y Z
0 0 0
Mathematical Rotation:
Z Y X
45 0 0
Create
Restrict the displacement in x-direction based on the new defined

coordinate system.
Shape Restrictions
Type: Degrees of Freedom
Existing Node Group: Design_Nodes
UX: FREE
UY: FIX
UZ: FIX
Existing Coordinate System: CS_2
Create

Save the parameter file to dof_fix.par ( see Figure 4.14), carry out the
shape optimzation and check the results with Figure 4.15.
Figure 4.14 Parameter file dof_fix.par

! MODEL :LOAD2
! AUTHOR :training
! DATE :16-Jul-98 14:35:24
! LAST CHANGE :
! REMARKS :
! DESCRIPTION :

READ, shape.bdf

CS_DEF, cs2, LOC, REC, 0, 0., 0., 0., 45., 0., 0.

REST_SHAPE, design_nodes, DOF, cs2, FREE, FIX, FIX
STOP, ITER_MAX, 10
!--- OUTPUT SECTION

SAVE
EXIT
In Figure 4.16 the displacement vector with the direction is shown.The

node have moved only in the x-direction.

Figure 4.16 Model and displacements after optimization

2.2 Limitation of node movements
A further restriction for shape optimization is the definition of limits for

the displacements of the design nodes.
Absolut limits can be specified for the nodal displacements to shrink the
structure (in our example 2mm) and to growth the structure (in our
example choose 3mm).
Use the parameter file shape_simple.par. Read in this existing

parameter file and modify the Optimzation Section.
2.2.3 Modify the Optimization Section.
Shape Restrictions
Type: Absolute Displacement
Value (Max Shrink): 2
Value (Max Growth): 3
Create
Generate this file geo_diff.par, carry out the optimization and compare
the stresses with Figure 4.18.
In Figure 4.19 the displacements are shown. How you can see it the
displacement for shrinking is 2 and for the growth is it 3.

Figure 4.17 Parameter file geo_diff.par
! -----------------------------------------------
! MODEL :/DISK2/FRAME_CONSTR/TEST/GEO_DIFF
! AUTHOR :training
! DATE :16-Jul-98 15:38:14
! LAST CHANGE :
! REMARKS :
! DESCRIPTION :
READ, shape.bdf
REST_SHAPE, Design_Nodes, GEO_DIFF, 2., 3.
STOP, ITER_MAX, 10
!--- OUTPUT SECTION
SAVE
EXIT

Figure 4.19 Displacments and model after optimization

2.3 Explizit definition of the design space
The design space can be defined explicitly by specifying variation and

restriction areas.
In our example the variation area is defined by a square and the
restriction area by a circle.
The allowed design space therefore is the difference between variation
and restriction area.
Figure 4.20 Variation and restriction area
32
92 o
28
R=
-5 R=0.1 -2o××
-10
32
Read in the existing parameter file shape_simple.par, define the solids

and modify the Optimzation Section.

Define a solid as variation area.
Shape Restrictions
Type: Solids
Solid Name: Var1
Option: Variation
Xmin -10 Xmax 32
Ymin -5 Ymax 32
Zmin -1 Zmax 1
Create
Define a solid as restriction area.
Shape Restrictions
Type: Solids
Solid Name: Restr1
Option: Restriction
Xmin 0.1 Xmax 28
Ymin -2 Ymax 92
Zmin -1 Zmax 1
Create

Save the parameter file to chk_nodes.par carry out the optimization and
compare the results with Figure 4.22. In the displacement figure you
can see a maximum growth of 2 ( restricted area)
Figure 4.21 Parameter file chk_nodes.par

! -----------------------------------------------
! MODEL :/DISK2/FRAME_CONSTR/TEST/SOLID
! AUTHOR :training
! DATE :16-Jul-98 15:56:04
! LAST CHANGE :
! REMARKS :
! DESCRIPTION :
READ, shape.bdf
SOLID, var1, VARIATION, CS_0, -10., 32., -5., 32., -1., 1.,
REST_SHAPE, Design_Nodes, CHK_SOLID, var1
SOLID, rest1, RESTR_AREA, CS_1, 0.1, 28., -2., 92., -1., 1.,
REST_SHAPE, Design_Nodes, CHK_SOLID, rest1
STOP, ITER_MAX, 10
!--- OUTPUT SECTION
SAVE
EXIT

Figure 4.23 Displacements after optimization


Shape Optimization of A Plate: Workshop Problem 4

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WORKSHOP PROBLEM 4

■ Unrestricted shape optimization

■ Restricted shape optimization

- node movements in defined direction

- limitation of node movements

- explizit definition of the design space

MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-1

In contrast to the workshop example 3 the SHAPE of the plate should

Figure 4.1 Geometry and boundary conditions of the plate

Young’s Modulus: 2.1 * 105 N/mm2

MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-3

First of all an unrestricted shape optimization shall be carried out where

Then the loadcases p1 and p2 should be applied separately.

Finally several restrictions of the movement of the design nodes should be

a) - force the design nodes to move in a specified direction

b) - limit the absolut displacement of the design nodes in a specified

c) - define the boarders of the design space explicitly by solids

4-4 MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook

1. Unrestricted shape optimization

Figure 4.2 Design nodes

MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-5

Before you generate the MSC/NASTRAN input file shape.bdf you

Then the MSC/NASTRAN input deck has to be created for the

1.2 Creation of the MSC/NASTRAN Input Deck without MSC/

If the MSC/NASTRAN Input Deck will be not created with MSC/

1.3 Create the parameter file for a simple shape optimization in

● Use both loadcases for the simple shape optimization

1.3.1 Start the MSC/CONSTRUCT Interface in MSC/PATRAN.

4-6 MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook

1.3.2 Create the Data Input Section

Select Input File

1.3.3.Create the Object Definition Section

MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-7

Define the remesh area

Define the objective function --> Objective function is the stress

4-8 MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook

- Specify the maximum number of iteration cycles

1.3.5 Create the Output Section

Create and save the parameter file to shape_simple.par (like in workshop

Figure 4.3 Parameter file shape_simple.par

!--- DATA INPUT SECTION

!--- OBJECT DEFINITION SECTION

SELECT, NODE, S, NODE , 397 , 407 , 1

!--- OPTIMIZATION SECTION

!--- OUTPUT SECTION

MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-9

Figure 4.4 Stresses before iteration

Figure 4.5 Stresses after the 9th iteration

4-10 MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook

Figure 4.5 Model after the Optimization

MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-11

In this workshop example there are two loadcases. If nothing is specified

1.4.1 Read in the existing parameter file shape_simple.par.

1.4.2 Modify the Optimization Section

Specify the loadcase which should be selected for the optimization.

Save the parameter file under the new name two_load_1.par.

4-12 MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook

Figure 4.7 Parameter file two_load_1.par

MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook 4-13

Figure 4.9 Model after optimization

4-14 MSC/CONSTRUCT Exercise Workbook

Figure 4.10 Parameter file two_load_2.par

!--- OBJECT DEFINITION SECTION