I.

Introduction:
The theoretical for what became known as the Contrastive
Analysis were formulated by Robert Lades Linguistic Across
Cultures(1957). He claimed that those elements which are similar to
the learners native language will be simple for him, and those
elements that are different will be difficult. While it was not a noble
suggestion, Lado was the first to provide a comprehensive theoretical
treatment and to suggest systematic set of theoretical procedures for
the contrastive study of languages. That involved describing the
languages, comparing them and predicting learning difficulties.
During the 1960s there was a widespread enthusiasm with this
technique, manifested in the contrastive description of several
languages.
Contrastive Analysis describes the structural differences of two
or more languages. It is concerened with the principles and uses of
such descriptions. It implies a belief of language universals, as in any
contrast. If there were no features in common there were no basis of
comparison.
It was assumed that second language learning was dependent
upon that second language learning was dependent upon transfer from
the native language to the one being learned. The idea of positive and
negative t