COURSE CODE BEE12202

COURSE Occupational Safety & Health

NAME

STUDENT’S
NAME
A. GROUP INFORMATION
No. Name Matrix No.
M1 MAGDELINA SATTU ANAK NELSON AE210013
M2 MOHD HASSANUDDIN BIN MOKTAR AE210010
M3 YEK NAI CHUAN AE210067
M4 INTAN NUR SYAFIQAH BINTI SYUKRI AFENDI AE210021
M5 ABDUL HASIF BIN ABD.RAHMAN AE210026
M6 SEERKAMBAN A/L ELANGOVADIKAL AE210073

SECTION Section 04

SEMESTER Semester 1

Accident or incident report according to OSHA 1994 or DOSH requirements based on

TITTLE
hotel and restaurants section.

LECTURER’S Ts. Dr. Muhammad Hazli bin Mazlan

NAME

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Table of Contents
ABSTRACT 3

1.0 INTRODUCTION 3

2.0 OBJECTIVE 4

3.0 METHODOLOGY 4

3.1 DEFINITION OF HIRARC 4

3.2 PRE-ASSESSMENT –CLASSIFYING WORK ACTIVITIES 4

3.3 METHODS OF IDENTIFYING HAZARDS 4

3.3.1 DOCUMENT REVIEW 5
3.3.2 INSPECTION AND OBSERVATION 5
3.3.3 MEASUREMENT 5

3.4 HAZARDS ANALYSIS 5

3.4.1 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA) 5
3.4.2 HAZARDS AND OPERABILITY STUDIES (HAZOP) 6
3.4.3 FAULT TREE ANALYSIS 6

3.5 RISK ASSESSMENT 6

3.5.1 TECHNIQUES OF RISK ASSESSMENT 6
3.5.1.1 QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 6
3.5.1.2 SEMI QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 7
3.5.1.3 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT 7
3.5.1.4 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF RISK MANAGEMENT - AS LOW AS
REASONABLY PRACTICABLE (ALARP) 7

3.6 RISK CONTROL 8

3.6.1 HIERARCHY OF CONTROL 8
3.6.2 ELIMINATION 8
3.6.3 SUBSTITUTION 8
3.6.4 ENGINEERING CONTROLS 8
3.6.5 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS 9
3.6.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE) 9
4.1 LIKEHOOD 14
4.2 SEVERITY 15
4.3 RISK 16
4.4 CALCULATE RISK VALUE 16

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 4.5 JOB/TASK LIST (HIRARC) 17

6.0 CONCLUSION 20

7.0 REFERENCE 20
7.1 APPENDICES 20

ABSTRACT

Hazard identification , Risk Assessment and Control or HIRARC System is a risk assessment
tool which will assist users in identifying hazard and estimating risk involved in each identified
hazard . Once the hazard has been identified , risk involved will be estimated and categorized . If the
estimated risk falls in a category , which is higher then the low risk category , then possible control
measures will be recommended . One of the functions HIRARC is to enable employers to plan ,
introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensure that the risk are adequately controlled at all
times . Furthermore , HIRARC also help to identify all the factors that may cause harm to employees
and other .

1.0 INTRODUCTION

As part of this assignment, we are responsible for performing the HIRARC for Sewerage and
manhole services at Megah Holding SDN. BHD, Lot 1604, Mukim, Peringgit Daerah Melaka Tengah
Hang Tuah Jaya, Melaka. This mission is used to provide a systematic and objective approach to
assess the hazard and the associated risk that will provide an objective measure of an identified
hazard, as well as a method to control the risk or to control the risk that occurs in that business. at the
same time allow employers to plan, introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensure that the risk
is always adequately controlled. It is believed that risk control allows employees and students to work
and study more efficiently.

As we know from this mission, it is essential to distinguish between danger and risk. Risk is
any source of pruning damage, damage or adverse health effects of something on something or
someone, for example on people such as health effects, on organizations such as property or loss of
equipment, or the environment. Conversely, risk is defined as the possibility or probability of the
hazard resulting in harm or destruction to the people, property or the environment. It is the
combination of likelihood and severity of a unique hazardous event happening. In the form of a
mathematical equation, the risk can be tabulated by the equation: [Risk = likelihood × Severity] where
likelihood is the possibility of an event occurring within a certain period of time or under certain
conditions, while than : severity is the result or consequence of an event in terms of severity.

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2.0 OBJECTIVE

1. Identify the health and safety hazard affecting employees and the employer at Infineon
Melaka Tower
2. Carry out the risk analysis that could arise from the hazard identified in Infineon Melaka
Tower
3. Recommend recommendations for action appropriate health and safety be taken

3.0 METHODOLOGY

3.1 DEFINITION OF HIRARC

Hazard identification, risk assessment, and risk control or HIRARC, according to Fraziel
(2010) is responsible for ensuring that any potential threat to safety, health, the environment, or
business is mitigated. Risk is minimized in all elements of any business. HIRARC is a technique for
calculating and controlling the risk associated with any workplace and its operations. Putting
HIRARC into practice will considerably decrease or eliminate the likelihood of an accident occurring.

3.2 PRE-ASSESSMENT –CLASSIFYING WORK ACTIVITIES

Before hazard identification is done, a pre-assessment of the hazard is done by gathering

information on the facilities, processes, and activities of the organization like the area map and site
plan of the facilities, process flow-charts, inventory of materials like raw materials, chemicals, wastes,
products, sub-products, toxicology and other health and safety data, monitoring data, geographical
areas within and /or outside the premises, stages in a production process or in the provision of a
service, defined the tasks like driving and window cleaning, identify the working groups and land use
for previous property use and future use.

3.3 METHODS OF IDENTIFYING HAZARDS

Methods of identifying hazards include review of documents and publications, inspection and
observation at the workplace, measurement of the atmosphere monitoring the environment or medical
surveillance of workers and hazard analysis.

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 3.3.1 DOCUMENT REVIEW

In documentation review, reports of accidents, accident investigation and audits are reviewed
as well as information from publications such as acts, regulations and codes of practice, statistics,
handbooks, and Chemical Safety Data Sheet (CSDS) are referenced to aid in identifying the hazards.

3.3.2 INSPECTION AND OBSERVATION

Types of inspections include statutory inspection, periodic inspection, formal and informal
inspection. Documentation - Checklist and inspection worksheet (standard approach and record).
Activities - to involve supervisors, managers, and employees. Inspection outcome - to include actions
and time frames. Ensure follow up on action - to ensure effectiveness.

3.3.3 MEASUREMENT

Types of monitoring are area and personal monitoring include the monitoring of noise, heat,
radiation, air contaminants and chemicals. Biological monitoring is a regular measuring activity
where selected validated indicators of the uptake of toxic substances in the human body are
determined to prevent health impairment. This form of monitoring could require examination for
example, blood, urine, saliva, and expired air. Biological monitoring is commonly featured in the
health or medical surveillance of persons exposed to hazardous environments especially complying to
legal requirements such as USECHH Regulations 2000. Health surveillance is warranted if substance
is used in the workplace is hazardous, evidence or reason to suspect injury and atmospheric
monitoring insufficient.

3.4 HAZARDS ANALYSIS

Methods that are used in hazard analysis are Job Safety Analysis (JSA), Hazards and
Operability Studies (HAZOP) and Fault Tree Analysis.

3.4.1 JOB SAFETY ANALYSIS (JSA)

JSA is a job described in less than 10 steps and an action verb used to describe a job. JSA also
lists things that can go wrong. The term JSA includes the formulation of safe work procedures using
written instructions for workers. It may still require other risk controls and supervisor and workers
should assist each other. Ideally all jobs should have a JSA.

3.4.2 HAZARDS AND OPERABILITY STUDIES (HAZOP)

HAZOP is used to identify and evaluate safety hazards in a work process such as a complex
system, and identify operability problems. It involves creating a new design or process,

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multidisciplinary brainstorming, as a “What If” questionnaire method and focuses on fire, explosion
and toxic release.

3.4.3 FAULT TREE ANALYSIS

The Fault Tree Analysis is used to analyze how and why incidents could occur by using
graphic techniques by tracing branches of events. It is also used to calculate the probability of an end
event.

3.5 RISK ASSESSMENT

Risk assessment is the process of evaluating the risks to safety and health arising from
hazards at work. Risk assessment results are documented and used for risk control in OSH
management and future reference and review. Risk assessment is carried out to give organizations a
more effective way of managing hazards. Furthermore, Risk assessment is carried out as a
requirement of the law for example OSHA 1994, CIMAH Regulations 1996 and USECHH
Regulations 2000 and as a requirement of OSH management system standards like ISO 14001: 2015 –
Environmental Management and ISO 4500:2018 – Occupational health and safety. Risk assessment is
carried out before operations, during operations and after operations.

3.5.1 TECHNIQUES OF RISK ASSESSMENT

There are 4 techniques in risk assessment which are qualitative risk assessment, semi-
quantitative risk assessment and quantitative risk assessment.

3.5.1.1 QUALITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Qualitative risk analysis will in general be more abstract. It centers around distinguishing
dangers to quantify both the probability of a particular danger occasion happening during the
undertaking life cycle and the effect it will have on the general timetable. Would it be a good idea for
it to be a hit . The goal is to determine severity in terms of harm to health, damages to property and to
the environment or the combination of the above means could happen, but only rarely and highly
unlikely which means could happen, but probably never will. In determine likelihood categories there
are very likely which means could happen frequently, likely which means could happen occasionally,
unlikely which.

3.5.1.2 SEMI QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Semi-quantitative risk assessment will in general be more abstract. It centers around

distinguishing dangers to quantify both the probability of a particular danger occasion happening

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during the undertaking life cycle and the effect it will have on the general timetable. Would it be a
good idea for it to be a hit.

There are 4 levels in determining severity which are Level 4 which means fatality and
permanent disability, Level 3 which means more than 4 days of MC, Level 2 which means less than
or 4 days of MC and Level 1 which means first aid and near misses. There are also 4 levels in
determining likelihood of occurrence of hazard which are Level 4 which means daily, Level 3 which
means weekly, Level 2 which means monthly and Level 1 which means yearly.

3.5.1.3 QUANTITATIVE RISK ASSESSMENT

Where the hazards presented by the undertaking are numerous and complex, and may involve
novel processes. For example in the case of large chemical process plants, detailed and sophisticated
risk assessments will be needed, and it is appropriate to carry out a detailed quantitative risk
assessment. Quantitative risk assessment involves obtaining a numerical estimate of the risk from a
quantitative consideration of event probabilities and consequences. In carrying out quantitative risk
assessments, special quantitative tools and techniques will be used for hazard identification, and to
estimate the severity of the consequences and the likelihood of realization of the hazards. Quantitative
risk assessment is also where such methods and techniques are used. it is important that they are
carried out by suitably qualified and experienced assessors.

3.5.1.4 FUNDAMENTAL PRINCIPLE OF RISK MANAGEMENT - AS LOW AS

REASONABLY PRACTICABLE (ALARP)

ALARP is the level to which hazard ought to be controlled. We probably won't have the
option to wipe out all danger, however it should be controlled, particularly with regards to wellbeing
and security. Time, cash and assets are expected to diminish hazards. You are not relied upon to spend
boundless assets and cash on killing all dangers. However, great wellbeing and security practices can
set aside your cash and be an incredible venture for your business. It's greatly improved to invest
some energy and cash on securing your labor force, rather than the danger costing you 10x that sum in
loss of staff, ailment, loss of usefulness, fines.

For example, the Edwards v. National Coal Board case in 1949,it was determined reasonably
practicable to shore up the roadways that required it to prevent collapse. Unfortunately, it hadn't been
done because the National Coal Board thought it was too expensive. Edwards died when the mine
roadway collapsed

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3.6 RISK CONTROL

Risk management is a measure taken to nullify or eliminate health and safety hazards as much
as possible so that the hazards do not pose a risk to workers who enter the workplace and have to
operate equipment frequently. However, in most cases, the cause of the danger cannot be ruled out, so
it is difficult to rule out the hazards that exist in the work environment. Therefore, risk risk should be
minimized as much as possible by developing and implementing appropriate control measures.

3.6.1 HIERARCHY OF CONTROL

The control hierarchy lists several types of control methods with different effective levels.
There are basically three levels of effectiveness. Most effective, fairly effective, and least effective. In
general, the closer the control method is to the hazard, the more effective it is.

3.6.2 ELIMINATION

Eliminating the hazard or by physically removing it is the most effective hazard control. For
example, if employees must work high above the ground, the hazard can be eliminated by moving the
piece they are working on to ground level to eliminate the need to work at heights.

3.6.3 SUBSTITUTION

Replacing something that produces a hazard which is similar to elimination with something
that does not produce a hazard. For example, replacing lead-based paint with titanium white. To be an
effective control, the new product must not produce another hazard.

3.6.4 ENGINEERING CONTROLS

These do not eliminate hazards, but rather isolate people from hazards. Capital costs of
engineered controls tend to be higher than less effective controls in the hierarchy, however they may
reduce future costs. For example, "Enclosure and isolation" creates a physical barrier between
personnel and hazards, such as using remotely controlled equipment. Fume hoods can remove
airborne contaminants as a means of engineered control.

3.6.5 ADMINISTRATIVE CONTROLS

Administrative controls are changes to the way people work. Examples of administrative
controls include procedure changes, employee training, and installation of signs and warning labels.
Administrative controls do not remove hazards, but limit or prevent people's exposure to the hazards,
such as completing road construction at night when fewer people are driving.

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 3.6.6 PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENT (PPE)

Personal protective equipment or PPE includes gloves, uniform, respirators, hard hats, safety
glasses, high-visibility clothing, and safety footwear. PPE is the least effective means of controlling
hazards because of the high potential for damage to render PPE ineffective. Additionally, some PPE,
such as respirators, increase physiological effort to complete a task and, therefore, may require
medical examinations to ensure workers can use the PPE without risking their health.

4.0 ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

HIRACS FORM

Company MEGAH HOLDING Conducted by: -

SDN. BHD.
(Name,designation)
Process / Location LOT 1604, MUKIM,
Date: (from…to…)
PERINGGIT
DAERAH MELAKA
TENGAH HANG
TUAH JAYA,
MELAKA

Approved by: -
(Name,designation)

Date: 24 Disember 2021 Review Date: - Next Review Date: -

From the observation, there are 9 types of safety hazards and 3 health hazard that were identified
during the laboratory visit at ……
The purpose using HIRARC

1. to identify all the factors that may cause harm to employees and others (the hazards);
2. to consider what the chances are of that harm actually be falling anyone in the circumstances
of a particular case and the possible severity that could come from it (the risks); and
3. to enable employers to plan, introduce and monitor preventive measures to ensure that the
risks are adequately controlled at all times.

4. Hazard Identification 5. Risk Analysis 6. Risk Control

No Work Hazard Which can Existing Risk L S Ri Recommended PIS

. Activity cause/effect Control (If i e sk Control (Due
any) k v Measures date/sta
e e tus)
h r

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 o i
o t
d y
1 Apply 1)Wrong 1)Misunderstan 1)Conduct 2 1 2 1)Supervisors
permit to type of ding work order daily toolbox shall have the
work - permit use 2)Wrong work meeting and valid license
daily task 2)Improper method briefing work 2)Supervisors
dicussion guidance activities shall have proper
2)Safety training record
briefing in 3)Supervisors
daily toolbox shall be physically
meeting and mentally fit to
3)Apply the perform works
right permit to
work

2 Prepare 1)Ergonomic 1)Physical 1)Safety 2 1 2 1)Supervisor need

material hazard injury - bodily briefing in to Ensure
mobilizatio 2)Material injury daily toolbox adequate working
n - loading and 2)Material meeting space 2)Use
and equipment damage 2)carried out lifting tools when
unloading 3)Pinching by competent needed
of material hazard person 3)Age of
and 3)Work in machinery shall
equipment buddy system less than 10 years
with proper
maintenance
record
5)Good condition
of machinery
6)Machinery shall
be inspected and
approved before
start work
3 Display 1)Tripping 1)Pysical injury 1)Safety 1 1 1 1)Visual
signage hazard - bodily injured briefing in inspection by
and daily toolbox safety personnel
barricade meeting 2)PPE (refer to
work area work method
- erecting statement - NCSB
barricade 2019-ITT-
and CEC_ELE-WMS-
display 11)
signage
4 Erection 1)Fall of 1)Pysical injury 1)Safety 2 4 8 1)use aluminium
Of person from - bodily injury briefing in ladder and tight
formwork improper daily toolbox into fixed anchor
& access or meeting point to prevent
reinforcem ladder 2)supervisors slip
ent work need to provide 2)Ensure that
PPE employees and
line management
understand the
risk through
proper instruction

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 training and
supervision
5 Planning 1)Struck by 1)Pysical injury 1)Monitoring 5 4 20 1)Segregate
and moving or - bodily injury by the site between vehicle
preparatio swing 2)Property supervisor or route and workers
n for machinery damage safety walk area
excavation personnel 2)Provided
- 2)Carry out by designated
mobilizatio competent flagman for
n of operator assigned
excavator 3)PPE (refer to movement of
to site work method machinery
statement -
NCSB 2019-
IT-CEC-ELE-
WMS-11)
6 Bricklayin 1)Ergonomic 1)Occupational 1)Establish 2 3 6 1)Usage of
g& s hazard - disease - safety work mechanical
plastering repetitive musculoskeletal procedures equipment
work movement, disorder, low 2)Practice correct
awkward back pain method to lift
pose heavy object
2) Expose to 3)Usage of pallet
cement dust to store
or silica from 4)Usage of
sand concrete mixer to
prepare mortar
mixture
5)To provided
appropriate PPE
7 Conduct 1)Miscommu 1)Pysical injury 1)Safety 4 5 20 1)Refer the
excavation nication - bodily injury briefing in underground
works - 2)Hit 2)Property daily toolbox scanning test
begin underground damage meeting 2)Perform pilot
digging at utilities (underground 2)Monitoring y hole before
the making utilities) site supervisor proceed with
point 3)Carry out by excavation work
competent 3)Provided
operator designated
4)PPE (refer to flagman for
work method assigned
statement - movement of
NCSB 2019- machinery
IT-CEC-ELE-
WMS-11)
5)Follow the
guidelines
excavation
safety (NCSB
2020-CEC-
ELE-
GUIDLINES-
DOSH-
EXCAVATIO

11
 NWORKS-01)
8 Conduct 1)Soil of 1)Pysical injury 1)Monitoring 4 4 16 1)Keep the soil 1
excavation excavation - bodily injured by supervisor meter away from
works - pit collapse 2)carry out by the edge
continue 2)Accidental competent 2)Keep the
the digging fall of operator equipment away
until the equipment 3)Barricade the from the edge of
whole 3)Worker fall area the excavation pit
excavation down 4)PPE (refer to 3)Install shoring if
pit is work method needed
complete statement - 4)Cover with
NCSB 2019- plastic sheet after
ITT-CEC- excavation work
ELE-WMS-11) done
5)Follow the 5)Avoid vehicle
guidelines movements away
excavation form the edge
safety (NCSB
2020-CEC-
ELE-
GUIDLINES-
DOSH-
EXCAVATIO
NWORKS-01)
9 uncomplet 1)Left 1)Worker fell 1)barricade the 3 5 15 1)Provide proper
ed opening of down area signage, warning
manhole manhole pit 2)Supervisors light
work for continue monitor site 2)Safety personnel
excavation regularly on make sure placed
work manhole hard barricade and
locations proper signage
before leave the
site
10 Lifting or 1)Fall object 1)Pysical injury 1)Ensure 2 5 10 1)Good conditions
hoisting of while lifting - bodily injured adequate of machinery
material 2)Damage to working space 2)Machinery shall
property 2)Machinery be inspected and
operator approved before
3)Make sure start work.
site have 3)Machinery shall
proper have insurance
maintenance coverage
records

11 Concreting 1)Body 1)Skin allergic 1)Wear 2 3 6 1)Usage of rubber

works - contact with suitable hand gloves,
Body concrete personal proper clothing
chemical protective when handling
equipment concrete
2)Concrete bucket
shall have nozzle
to reduce splash of
concrete chemical

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 to concreter
3)Standby clean
water and washing
facilities
4)Adopt safe work
systems and
practices
12 Walking 1)By 1)Weil’s 1)Wear 2 4 8 1)Provide suitable
inside breathing disease, a flu- suitable PPE that may
manhole them in like illness with personal include
2)By skin persistent and protective waterproof or
contact severe equipment abrasion- resistant
through cuts, headache, gloves, footwear,
scratches, or transmitted by eye and
penetrating rat urine. respiratory
wounds. Damage to protection. Face
Certain liver, kidneys visors are
organisme and blood may particularly
can enter the occur and the effective against
body through condition can splashes
the surfaces be fatal
of the eyes,
nose and
mouth

Table 7: Job/Task List (HIRARC)

LIKEHOOD SEVERITY

1 2 3 4 5

5 5 10 15 20 25

4 4 8 12 16 20

3 3 6 9 12 15

2 2 4 6 8 10

1 1 2 3 4 5
4.1 LIKEHOOD
Likelihood is an event likely to occur within the specific period or in specified circumstances. The
factor that influenced the degree of likelihood risk are

● The nature of exposure : how much is exposed to a hazardous thing or condition

● How the person is exposed
● The severity of the effect

LIKELIHOOD (L) EXAMPLE RATING

Most likely The most likely result of the hazard / event being realized 5

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 Possible Has a good chance of occurring and is not unusual 4

Conceivable Might be occur at sometime in future 3

Remote Has not been known to occur after many years 2

Inconceivable Is practically impossible and has never occurred 1

VALUE LIKEHOOD DESCRIPTION

Apply permit to work - daily task 2 This hazard has led to incidents 2 times,
discussion where there is improper guidance that can
cause wrong work methods

Prepare material mobilization - loading 2 The likelihood for this incident to occur is 2
and unloading of material and equipment times where ergonomic hazard can cause
physical injury or bodily injury

Display signage and barricade work area 1 Employees and employers almost trip
- erecting barricade and display signage themselves and fall

Erection of formwork & reinforcement 2 A person from improper access or ladder

work can fall and probably injure their body.

Planning and preparation for excavation - 5 Without proper mobilization of excavators

mobilization of excavator to site to site can cause property damage where it
is struck by moving machinery.

Bricklaying & plastering work 2 Employees and employers were exposed to

cement dust and almost got an occupational
disease.

Conduct excavation works - begin 4 Miscommunication during excavation

digging at the point works almost cause property damage.

Conduct excavation works - continue the 4 Without proper conduction of excavation

digging until the whole excavation pit is works cause employees and employers to
complete fall down.

uncompleted manhole work 3 Workers almost fell down because other

workers forget to close the manhole pit of
excavation work.

Lifting or housing of material 2 Employees and employers almost injure

their bodies where there is a fall object
while lifting.

Concreting works - body 2 There are incidents that cause skin allergies
because of contact with concrete chemicals.

Walking inside manhole 2 This hazard causes Weil’s disease or flu-like

illness that happens by walking inside
manholes and breathing in them.
Table 2 Likehood

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4.2 SEVERITY
Severity is the outcome from an event such as severity of injury or health of people, or damage to
property, or insult to environment, or any combination of those caused by the event.

SEVERITY (S) EXAMPLE RATING

Catastrophic Numerous fatalities, irrecoverable property damage 5 and productivity 5

Fatal Approximately one single fatality major property damage 4 if hazard is 4

realized

Serious Non-fatal injury, permanent disability 3

Minor Disabling but not permanent injury 2

Negligible Minor abrasions, bruises, cuts, first aid type injury 1

4.3 RISK
Risk is something that we as individuals live with on a day-to-day basis. People are constantly making
decisions based on risk

VALUE LIKEHOOD SEVERITY

Apply permit to work - daily task discussion 2 1
Prepare material mobilization - loading and unloading of material and 2 1
equipment
Display signage and barricade work area - erecting barricade and 1 1
display signage
Erection Of formwork & reinforcement work 2 4
Planning and preparation for excavation - mobilization of excavator to 5 4
site
Bricklaying & plastering work 2 3

Conduct excavation works - begin digging at the point 4 5

Conduct excavation works - continue the digging until the whole 4 4
excavation pit is complete

uncompleted manhole work 3 5

Lifting or housing of material 2 5
Concreting works - body 2 3
Walking inside manhole 2 4
Table 4 Risk (Likehood vs Severity)

4.4 CALCULATE RISK VALUE

Risk is the combination of the likelihood and severity of a specified hazardous event
occurring. In mathematical term, risk can be calculated by the equation :

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 RISK=LIKEHOOD × SEVERITY

VALUE LIKEHOOD SEVERITY VALUE

Apply permit to work - daily task discussion 2 1 2

Prepare material mobilization - loading and unloading of 2 1 2

material and equipment

Display signage and barricade work area - erecting 1 1 1

barricade and display signage

Erection Of formwork & reinforcement work 2 4 8

Planning and preparation for excavation - mobilization 5 4 20

of excavator to site

Bricklaying & plastering work 2 3 6

Conduct excavation works - begin digging at the point 4 5 20

Conduct excavation works - continue the digging until 4 4 16

the whole excavation pit is complete

uncompleted manhole work 3 5 15

Lifting or housing of material 2 5 10

Concreting works - body 2 3 6

Walking inside manhole 2 4 8

Table 5: Risk Value

4.5 JOB/TASK LIST (HIRARC)

RANKING JOB/TASK
2 Attend safety induction training
2 Apply permit to work - daily task discussion
2 Prepare material mobilization - loading and unloading of material and equipment

6 Concreting works - body

6 Bricklaying & plastering work

8 Erection Of formwork & reinforcement work

8 Walking inside manhole

10 Lifting or hoisting of material

15 uncompleted manhole work

16 Conduct excavation works - continue the digging until the whole excavation pit is
complete

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 20 Planning and preparation for excavation - mobilization of excavator to site

20 Conduct excavation works - begin digging at the making point

For this report the hazards were determined based on the risk calculation, risk is something
that we as individuals live with on a day-to-day basis. Risk is the combination of the likelihood and
severity of a specified hazardous event occurring. The high and the medium risk should be taken
immediately to solve the problem risk. For the low risk we must control the activities so that risk will
not reach to the limit of danger or high risk. Choosing the suitable control is important to eliminate
that hazard or reduce the risk.

Based on the hirarc table, we find that there is a 9 safety hazards and 3 health hazards that
may occur that we need to eliminate and make it more controlled in the Megah Holding Sdn. Bhd
company. The medium risk (safety hazard) that we need to control is Fall of person from improper
access or ladder that happen because of erection Of formwork & reinforcement work. Second hazard
is exposure to cement dust or silica from sand. This happens when the employees are doing some
bricklaying & plastering work. Lastly, falling objects while lifting this can happen when the
employees lifting or hoisting of material.

The medium risk (health hazard) is body contact with concrete chemicals while doing
concreting works and contact with the body can make skin allergic. Lastly, skin contact through cuts,
scratches, or penetrating wounds happen when employees work inside a manhole can caouse we get a
flu-like illness with persistent and severe headache, transmitted by rat urine.

The high risk (safety hazard) form this report is struck by moving or swing machinery that
may happen because of mobilization of excavator to site that can lead to property damage. Second,
Hit underground utilities that happen when the worker conduct excavation works - begin digging at
the making point. Third, Soil of excavation pit collapse happen when conduct excavation works -
continue the digging until the whole excavation pit is complete. Lastly, worker fell down this happen
bacuse the worker left opening of manhole pit for continue excavation work and because the
uncompleted manhole work.

5.0 RECOMMENDATION

The table below shows the risk levels and the recommended control measures for the hazards that
were identified in the incident.

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Risk Description Action

15-25 High A HIGH risk requires immediate action to control the hazard as detailed in the
hierarchy of control. Actions taken must be documented on the risk assessment form
including date for completion.

5-12 Medium A MEDIUM risk requires a planned approach to controlling the hazard and applies
temporary measure if required. Actions taken must be documented on the risk
assessment form including date for completion.

1-4 Low A risk identified as LOW may be considered as acceptable and further reduction
may not be necessary. However, if the risk can be resolved quickly and efficiently,
control measures should be implemented and recorded.

The hazards that have been assessed as high risk and medium risk should take actions to
resolve the possible risks. Choosing a suitable control is important to eliminate the hazard or reduce
the risk.

For the high risk hazard, Planning and preparation for excavation which will cause physical
injury due to struck by moving or swing machinery, the hazard can be eliminated by segregate
between vehicle route and workers walk area.The next high risk hazard is conduct excavation works
which will cause physical injury due to soil of excavation pit collapse.This hazard can be avoid by
keep the soil 1 meter away from the edge. The last high risk hazard is uncompleted manhole work
which will cause workers fell down because of manhole pit left opening for evacuation work. To
avoid this hazard, barricade the area of uncompleted manhole work.

For the medium risk hazard, Erection of formwork & reinforcement work, which will causes
physical injury if workers fall from improper access or ladder, The hazard can be eliminated by using
aluminium ladder and tight into fixed anchor point to prevent slip. The next medium risk hazard is
concreting work which cause vibration hazard when using vibration poker, this hazard can be
eliminated by using rope to control vibration nozzle. The third medium risk hazard is Bricklaying &
plastering work which expose to cement dust or silica from sand, the hazard can be avoid by using
Personel Protective equipment(PPE) like alkali-resistant gloves,waterproof boots and respiratory
protective equipment.The fourth medium risk hazard is Lifting or hoisting of material which will
cause physical injury due to object fall during lifting operation, this hazard can be avoid by make sure
the machine are always in good condition. The next medium risk hazard is concretion works which

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will cause skin allergic due to body contact with concrete chemical, the hazard can be eliminated by
using rubber hand gloves and proper clothing when handling concrete. The last medium risk hazard is
walking inside manhole which will cause Weil’s disease due to certain organisme can enter the body
through the surfaces of the eyes, nose and mouth, the hazard can be avoid by wearing suitable
Personel Protective Equipment(PPE) like waterproof gloves, footwear, eye and respiratory
protection.

6.0 CONCLUSION

The safety in the workplace is not easy to handle . Any risk that occurs in the workplace
needs to be observed , identified , monitored and reduced. There are several steps that need to be
taken in order to identify the potential hazard that might occur . Based on this case study , the highest
risk level in this experiment is 15 to 20 . After making an observation throughout the procedure in
order to identify the Hazard Identification Risk Assessment and Risk Control ( HIRARC ) there are
several recommendations that need to be applied in order to decrease the risk of getting harm in the
workplace . For example , use personal protective equipment ( PPE ) to avoid cement dust . So the
first step for protecting workers against occupational diseases and maintaning a safe workplace is
defining and analyzing hazard .

7.0 REFERENCE
Occupational Safety and Health Administration. (2015). Asphyxiation in Sewer Line Manhole.
Retrieved from www.osha.gov: https://www.osha.gov/sites/default/files/publications/OSHA3819.pdf
Health and Safety. (September, 2011). Working with sewage. Retrieved from www.hse.gov.uk:
https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/indg198.pdf
Safety, C. C. (2 january, 2022). Hazard and Risk. Retrieved from www.ccohs.ca:
https://www.ccohs.ca/oshanswers/hsprograms/hazard_risk.html
Weber., E. L. (17 october, 2002). The Seven Major Hazards in Drain and Sewer Cleaning. Retrieved
from www.pmmag.com: https://www.pmmag.com/articles/102058-the-seven-major-hazards-in-drain-
and-sewer-cleaning

7.1 APPENDICES
VALUE
Apply permit to work - daily task discussion

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Prepare material mobilization - loading and unloading of material
and equipment

Display signage and barricade work area - erecting barricade and

display signage

Erection of formwork & reinforcement work

Planning and preparation for excavation - mobilization of

excavator to site

Bricklaying & plastering work

Conduct excavation works - begin digging at the point

Conduct excavation works - continue the digging until the whole

excavation pit is complete

uncompleted manhole work

Lifting or housing of material

Concreting works - body

Walking inside manhole

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