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Mechanical Engineering
ME 308: Machines Design II
CH.1: Mechanical Spring
by
Dr. Miloud Souiyah
Lecture Slides
Chapter 10
Mechanical Springs
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Chapter Outline
Mechanical Springs
Exert Force
Provide flexibility
Store or absorb energy
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Helical Spring
Substitute terms
Fig. 10–1b
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Curvature Effect
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Fig. 10–1a
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
Fig. 10–2
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Set Removal
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End-Condition Constant
Table 10–2
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Absolute Stability
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Chrome-vanadium
◦ Popular alloy spring steel
◦ Higher strengths than plain carbon steels
◦ Good for fatigue, shock, and impact
Chrome-silicon
◦ Good for high stresses, long fatigue life, and shock
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Table 10–4
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Example 10–1
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Example 10–1
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Example 10–1
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Example 10–1
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Example 10–1
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This leads to
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For high volume production, the figure of merit (fom) may be the
cost of the wire.
The fom would be proportional to the relative material cost,
weight density, and volume
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Let
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Example 10–2
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Example 10–2
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Example 10–2
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Example 10–2
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Example 10–2
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Example 10–3
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Example 10–3
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Example 10–3
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Example 10–3
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Example 10–3
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Example 10–3
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Example 10–3
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With one end against a flat plate and the other end free,
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Example 10–4
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Example 10–4
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Example 10–4
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Example 10–4
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Example 10–4
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Example 10–4
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Example 10–4
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Example 10–5
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Extension Springs
Extension springs are similar to compression springs within the
body of the spring.
To apply tensile loads, hooks are needed at the ends of the
springs.
Some common hook types:
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Fig. 10–6
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Extension springs are often made with coils in contact with one
another, called close-wound.
Including some initial tension in close-wound springs helps hold
the free length more accurately.
The load-deflection curve is offset by this initial tension Fi
Fig. 10–7
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
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Example 10–6
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Example 10–6
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Example 10–6
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Example 10–6
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Example 10–6
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Example 10–6
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Example 10–7
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Example 10–7
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Example 10–7
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Example 10–7
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Example 10–7
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Fig. 10–8
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
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The number of body turns Nb will be the full turns plus the initial
partial turn.
Fig. 10–9
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
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This accounts for corrections for size, surface finish, and type of
loading, but not for temperature or miscellaneous effects.
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Example 10–8
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Example 10–8
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Example 10–8
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Example 10–8
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Example 10–8
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Example 10–8
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Example 10–8
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Belleville Springs
The Belleville
spring is a coned-
disk spring with
unique properties
It has a non-linear
spring constant
With h/t ≥ 2.83, the
S curve can be
useful for snap-
acting mechanisms
For 1.41≤ h/t ≤ 2.1
the flat central
portion provides
constant load for a
considerable
Fig. 10–11
deflection range
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
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Constant-Force Springs
The extension spring shown is made of slightly curved strip steel,
not flat.
The fore required to uncoil it remains constant.
Known as a constant-force spring.
Fig. 10–12
Shigley’s Mechanical Engineering Design
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Conical Spring
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Volute Spring
A volute spring is a conical spring made from a wide, thin strip, or
“flat”, of material wound on the flat so that the coils fit inside one
another.
Since the coils do not stack on each other, the solid height is the width
of the strip.
A variable-spring scale is obtained by permitting the coils to contact the
support.
As deflection increases (in compression), the number of active coils
decreases.
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Solving for b,
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Fig. 10–13b
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