Developing the

Whole Person
Lesson 2, Week 2

MICHAELIAN ONLINE DISTANCE LEARNING (MODL)

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Learning Goals

show the connections between

evaluate his/her own thoughts,
1 2 thoughts, feelings, and behaviors in
feelings, and behaviors; and
actual life situations.
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Physiological
Adolescence
referred to as the teenage years;
starts at about the age of 12 and end at
the age of 21

Puberty
refers to the physical transformation that a
child experiences as sexual maturity is
reached.
"pubertas" means "adult"
the child may be overly concerned with
appearance and body (Lewis, 2015).
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Puberty
it comes in 3 distinct stages:
Prepubescent - initiated by the appearance
of primary sexual characteristics and ends
with the development of pubic hair.
Pubescent - males experience "wet dreams"
while females experience their first
menstruation or "menarche".
Postpubescent - fertility may occur among
females.
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Cognitive
Cognitive Development

refers to the progression of one's

ability to think and reason out.
most ideas about cognitive
development were extracted from the
work of Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
Piaget proposed that intelligence is
something that grows and develops
through a series of stages.
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Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist

 Early Adolescence Middle Adolescence
(12-14 years) (15-17 years)

Changes in verbalizes formal logical

questions more
extensively
Cognitive operations in school
tasks
analyzes considerably
formulates own norms
Development questions school
authorities and norms of
or ethical standards
explores options for
during society
learns by trial and error
own identity
formulates a plan for
Adolescence begins creating abstract
ideas about his/her
oneself
becomes sensitive to
surroundings
criticism

Late Adolescence
(18-21 years)

understands
consequences of
behavioral choices
expresses idealistic
views on specific topics
focuses on possible
career
thinks about future role
in the society
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Brain Development
Dr. Eric P. Hazen (2008)

Dr. Hazen mentioned in his article on Adolescent

Psychological Development that there may be a biological
basis for the increased risk-taking and impulsivity in
adolescence. One of the last regions to mature in the brain is
the area associated with the capacity to evaluate risk and
reward. Moreover, Hazen also stated that it is during
adolescence that several areas of the brain mature. These are
areas associated with consciousness at the present moment,
control of emotion, and the ability to formulate long-term
plans.
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Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities

Spencer A. Rathus (2013)

Females are adept in the use of language or verbal ability

Language development is evidently much earlier among girls.
Boys are more likely to experience problems in reading.
Boys excel in mentally manipulating the objects that they see.
This refers to visual-spatial ability.
Boys also prefer to work with images and pictures rather than
with words.
Boys are more likely to excel in math and number problems.
Girls manifest superior skills in areas acquiring computation.
However, these skills diminish by the time they reach the age
of 12.
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Sex Differences in Cognitive Abilities

Spencer A. Rathus (2013)

1. Biological - sex hormones

2. Cultural - certain cultural factors like gender attitudes and
values
3. Evolutionary - natural selection, adaptation, and genetic
variation; "spatial skills are the largest cognitive sex difference
known" (Curry, 2016).
4. Environmental - features of the community or society e.g.
exposure to educational opportunities
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Psychosocial

developed by Erik Erikson (1902-

1994);
emphasis on the role of social and
cultural factors in the
development;
asserts that the period of
adolescence is the most
challenging and turbulent stage in
the forming of the identity of an
individual.

Image Source: verywellmind.com

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Image Source: https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/erik-erikson

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Source: verywellmind.com
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Identity vs. Role Confusion

Stage 5, Adolescence

the transition from childhood to adulthood

autonomous and self-reliant
marks the beginning of being mindful of
the future; wants to belong to a society
and fit in
reexamines individuality and tries to
discover personhood
if the adolescent is able to overcome the
challenges, the virtue of fidelity will be
acquired; fidelity means the ability to
relate to people with sincerity and
genuineness.
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Identity vs. Role Confusion

Stage 5, Adolescence

Role confusion describes a condition

when the individual becomes
uncertain about himself/herself and
his/her role in society.
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Moral
Moral Development
Morality means a set of guiding principles
that direct a person in the pursuit of what is
right or wrong and what is good or bad.
Individual's perception of morality widens
and the modes of behavior become more
linked with the values systems.
Adolescents now begin to question parental
discipline, school authority, church
guidelines, government regulations, and
some traditional practices.
Image Source: Educational Technology
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Moral
Moral Development Theory

developed by Lawrence Kohlberg

focused on how children develop
morality and moral reasoning;
suggests that moral logic is primarily
focused on seeking and maintaining
justice
Kohlberg formulated a six-stage
theory of moral development

Image Source: verywellmind.com

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Three Levels of Moral Reasoning

Level 1: Preconventional
child's sense of morality is externally controlled; accepts
and believes the rules of authority figures, such as
parents and teachers

Level 2: Conventional
a child’s sense of morality is tied to personal and societal
relationships; continues to accept the rules of authority
figures, but this is now due to their belief that this is
necessary to ensure positive relationships and societal
order

Level 3: Postconventional
sense of morality is defined in terms of more abstract
principles and values; people now believe that some laws
are unjust and should be changed or eliminated