ARMY PUBLIC SCHOOL ASC C & C, BANGALORE-07

SOCIAL SCIENCE CLASS: VII DATE:30/06/2021

LESSON:2 (GEOGRAPHY)
INSIDE OUR EARTH

Q 1. Answer the following questions.

(i) What are the three layers of the earth?
Answer: The three layers of earth are:

CRUST
• It is the outermost solid part of the earth whose thickness is 8-40
km.
• It is very soft and brittle in nature.
• Nearly 1% of the earth’s volume and 0.5% of earth’s mass are
made of the crust.
• Areas like ocean and continent have different crust layer. Oceanic
crust is thinner i.e. about 5km and the continental crust layer is
about 30km.
• The elements of crust are Silica (Si) and Aluminum (Al) and it is
often called as SIAL (Sometimes SIAL is used to refer
Lithosphere)

MANTLE
• The second layer or the interior beyond the crust is called as the
mantle.
• The thickness of mantle is about 2900kms.
• Approx. 84% of the earth’s volume is occupied by the mantle layer.
• The major constituent elements of the mantle are Silicon and
Magnesium and hence it is also called as SIMA.
 CORE

• It is the innermost layer surrounding the earth’s centre.

• It is mainly formed by iron (Fe) and nickel (Ni) and called as NIFE.
• The core consists of nearly 15% of the earth’s volume.
• The Core consists of two sub-layers: the inner core and the outer
core.
• The inner core is in solid state and the outer core is in the liquid
state (or semi-liquid).

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(ii) What is a rock?

Answer: Any natural mass of mineral matter that makes up the
earth’s crust is called a rock. The earth’s crust is made up of
various types of rocks of different texture, size and colour.
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(iii) Name three types of rocks.

Answer: The three types of rocks are:

1. Igneous Rocks

Igneous rocks are formed from melted rock deep inside the
Earth.

2.Sedimentary Rocks

Sedimentary rocks are formed from layers of sand, silt, dead

plants, and animal skeletons.

3.Metamorphic Rocks

Metamorphic rocks formed from other rocks that are changed

by heat and pressure underground.

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(iv) How are extrusive and intrusive rocks formed?
Answer: The molten lava comes out of volcanoes, reaches the
earth’s surface and cools down rapidly to become a solid piece
of rock. This is how extrusive rocks are formed. For example –
basalt.

When the molten lava solidifies deep inside the earth’s crust,
the rocks so formed are called intrusive rocks. For example –
granite.

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(v) What do you mean by a rock cycle?

Answer: The process of transformation of rocks from one type

to another, due to changes in certain conditions in a cyclic
manner, is called a rock cycle.

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(vi) What are the uses of rocks?
Answer: Rocks are useful for various purposes:

1. It helps in making roads

2. It is used in the construction of houses and buildings
3. Small stones are used by children in different types of
games
4. They are used in fertilisers

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(vii) What are metamorphic rocks?

Answer: The type of rocks formed when igneous and
sedimentary rocks experience heat and pressure are called
metamorphic rocks.
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(viii) How are minerals useful to mankind?
Answer: Minerals are useful to mankind in the following ways:
1) They are used as fuels. For example, coal, natural gas
and petroleum.
2) They are used in industries for making medicines,
fertilisers and many other items. Iron, bauxite, mica, gold,
silver, etc. are examples of minerals.
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(ix) What are fossils?
Answer: The remains of the dead plants and animals trapped
in the layers of rocks are called fossils.
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(x) What are the minerals found in the state of Karnataka?
Answer: The minerals found in Karnataka are:
Gold, Iron ore Limestone Granite, Chromite, Dolomite, and Bauxite.
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Q 4. Give reasons

(i) We cannot go to the centre of the earth.

Answer: We cannot go to the centre of the earth because the
temperature and pressure at the centre of the earth are very
high and not just human beings, but even rocks melt at the
centre of the Earth.

(ii) Sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments.

Answer: The small fragments of rock that hit each other and
break to reach the ground are called sediments. These
sediments are transported and deposited by wind, water, etc.
and then are compressed and hardened to form a layer of
rocks called the sedimentary rocks. This shows that
sedimentary rocks are formed from sediments.
(iii) Limestone is changed into marble
Answer: Igneous and sedimentary rocks change into
metamorphic rocks under heat and pressure. This happens in
the case of limestone. Limestone under heat and pressure
changes into marble, which is a metamorphic rock.
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Q 2. Tick the correct answer. (To be done in the textbook)

(i) The rock which is made up of molten magma is
(a) Igneous
(b) Sedimentary
(c) Metamorphic
Answer: (a)

(ii) The innermost layer of the earth is

(a) Crust
(b) Core
(c) Mantle
Answer: (b)

(iii) Gold, petroleum and coal are examples of

(a) Rocks
(b) Minerals
(c) Fossils
Answer: (b)

(iv) Rocks which contain fossils are

(a) Sedimentary rocks
(b) Metamorphic rocks
(c) Igneous rocks
Answer: (a)

(v) The thinnest layer of the earth is

(a) Crust
(b) Mantle
(c) Core
Answer: (a)

Q 3. Match the following.

Answer:

(i) Core (e) Innermost layer

(ii) Minerals (d) Has definite chemical composition

(iii) Rocks (b) Used for roads and buildings

(iv) Clay (f) Changes into slate

(v) Sial (c) Made of silicon and alumina

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