Our Lady of Fatima

University
Quezon City
Campus College of
Nursing NCMB311
Name: Villanueva, Roselyn M. Date: January 3, 2022
Course and Section: BSN 3Y1-10s SUMMARY OF
COMMUNICABLEDISEASE

1. GASTRO
Disease Signs and Incubation Diagnostic Nursing Intervention Medical
Alternate Symptoms Period Examination Management
Name
Causative *Pathognomoni Period of
Agent c sign* Communicabi
lity

1. Typhoi •High Fever Incubation Blood Culture: Maintenance of fluid Antibiotic:

d •Headache Period: •Done during and electrolyte: Chloramphenicol
Fever •Stomach Pain •1-3 weeks prodromal stage (1st •Proper regulation of •100mg/kg in 4
•Constipation or week) IVF doses for 14 days
Alternative diarrhea Mean: •Adequate fluids •Side effect is bone
Name: •10-20 days Widal Test: •Assess for the sign marrow depression
•Enteric Fever •Antibody Test of dehydration
Period of •Becomes positive •Ceftriaxone
Causative Communicabi on the 2nd week Maintenance of •Cefixime
Agent lity: nutrition: •Ciprofloxacin
•Salmonella •Variable (as Typhidot: •High calorie, low
Typhi long as the •ELISA kit that residue diet
patient is detects IgM and IgG •Do not give milk
Mode of excreting the antibodies. which can lead to
Transmission microorganis •Become positive increase acidity and
•Fecal-oral m) after 2-3 days of diarrhea
route infection
ingestion of Isolation of patients
contaminated Stool Culture: Preventive:
food, milk and •Done on the 2nd CDT Immunization
water week •adults: 0.5 cc IM
deltoid
•children: <10 years
 old 0.25cc IM deltoid
*6 months immunity
Vivotif- in capsule
form

•3 doses: 1 hour
before meal q other
day
•3 years immunity
•Protect / Purify
water supplies
•Proper excreta
disposal
•Hand washing
•Proper preparation
and handling of food
•Avoid eating fresh
and uncooked
vegetables and fruits
in endemic areas
•Do not put anything
in your mouth

2.Cholera •profuse watery Incubation •Stool Culture Deficient fluid •Doxycycline

diarrhea, Period: •Molecular and Rapid volume: •Ciprofloxacin
Alternate sometimes •Till 5 days test •related to excessive •Azithromycin
Name: described as (in average fluid loss through the
•Asiatic “rice-water 48 hours). stool or emesis.
Cholera stools”
•Epidemic •Nausea Imbalanced
Cholera •vomiting Nutrition:
•Headache •less than body
Causative •Abdominal requirements related
Agent cramps to loss of fluids
•Vibrio through
Cholerae diarrhea,inadequate
intake.
Mode of
Transmission Risk for infection:
•Ingestion of •related to
water microorganisms that
contaminated penetrate the
with the gastrointestinal tract.
cholera
bacterium Impaired Skin
(fecal-oral Integrity:
route), usually •perianal, related to
from feces. irritation from
 diarrhea.

Anxiety:
•related to
separation from
parents, unfamiliar
environment, a
stressful procedure.

3.Dysentery Bacillary Incubation  Stool  Control of Shigellosis:

Dysentery Period: Examination fever  Co-
Alternate  Fever  Usuall Amoebiasis  Maintenance trimoxazole,
Name:  Vomiting y 1-3 (stool should of fluid and ciprofloxacin
•Bloody  Abdomin days, be fresh electrolyte Cholera:
Diarrhea al but within 30 balance □  Co-
pain(coli can minutes to  Oral trimoxazole,
Causative cky or be up one hour to Rehydration Tetracycline,
Agent crampin to 7 find Salt (ORS) Ciprofloxacin
•Shigella g) days trophozoites) NaCl,
Dysenteriae  Diarrhea  Cholera - Sodium Amoeba:
(Bacillary with dark field Bicarbonate,  Metronidazol
Dysentery tenesmu microscopy of Potassium e,
•Vibrio s fresh stool. Chloride,Glu
Cholerae  Mucoid  Rectal Swab - cose
(Violent stool for cholera  Given in
Dysentery)  Mucoid and large
•Entamoeba stool shigellosis amounts as
Histolytica  Blood tolerated and
(Amoebic streaked the amount
Dysentery if severe of intake and
 Rectal loss should
prolapse be recorded
Mode of
Transmission Violent
Dysentery
•Occurs
mainly
through the  Massive
faecal-oral or
route, profuse
including diarrhea,
ingestion of continuo
faecal us
contaminated Rice
food or water watery
containing the stool
cyst of
Entamoeba Signs of severe
histolytica. dehydration:
sunken
 eyeball,
+skin
fold sign,
wrinkling
of
fingertip
s
(Washer
woman's
hand)
cramps
Shock,
acidosis,
hypokale
mia

Amoebic
Dysentery

 +/- fever
+/-
 Vomiting
 Abdomin
al pain
 Diarrhea
with
tenesmu
s
alternate
d with
constipat
ion
 Muco-
purulent
blood
streaked
stool
May
affect
brain,
liver,
lungs

4. Viral  Yellowis Incubation Liver function Test-  Complete  Lamivudine

Hepatitis h Period: determine extent of li bed rest (Epivir)
skin(Jau Hepatitis A: PIS damage  Consult with  Adefovir
Alternate ndice) 15-50 days: a dietitian, (Hepsera)
Name:  Poor 30 days ALT/SGPT-Alanine nutritional  Entecavir
Infectious appetite Aminotransferase support team (Baraclude)
disease,  Abdomin Hepatitis B: Hepatitis Profile to provide a  Telbivudine
Gastroenterol al pain 6 weeks-6 diet (Tyzeka)
ogy,  Tea months according to  Tenofovir
hepatology colored (28- 160 the patient's (Viread)
urine days) needs, with
Causative  Fever average of fat and
Agent:  Headach 70-80 days protein intake
Hepatitis A, B, e as tolerated.
C, D, E and G  Anorexia Hepatitis C: Preventive:
 Nausea 2 weeks- 6  Immunization
Mode of  Vomiting months  Universal
Transmission 15-160 days Precaution
 Fecal- average of 50
Oral days
 Oral-
Anal
Sex

2. TETANUS
Disease Signs and Incubation Period
Alternate Name Symptoms Diagnostic Nursing Medical
Causative Agent Period of Examination Intervention Management
*Pathognomonic Communicability
sign*

 Masseter  Incubation  Culture of  Dim light,  To

1. Disease    muscle period -  3 the wound quiet neutralize
Tetanus trismus or and 21 site (may environme the toxin
lockjaw days be nt with ATS-
 Alternate  Facial (average negative  Minimal antibodies
Name: Lockjaw muscle- 10 days). even if and gentle to
risus  May range tetanus is handling prevent/tre
Causative sardonicu from one present) of patient at tetanus
Agent: s or day to  Tetanus  Protect -Prepare
Clostridium tetani sardonic  several antibody patient epinephrine and
grin months, test from injury corticosteroid in
MOT:             Muscle of depending  Other  Provide px cases of delayed
 spine- on the tests may comfort hypersensitivity
Acquired thru opisthoton kind of be used to  Always reaction
wound (any kind us or wound. rule out have
of wound) - arching of  Most case meningitis, padded
laceration, burn, the back within 14 rabies, tongue  To kill the
bite, umbilical  Respirator days strychnine depressor microorga
stump y muscle-  Does not poisoning, Watch for nism with
dyspnea spread or other urinary Penicillin,
and chest from diseases retention Metronida
heaviness person to with zole,
 Abdomina person. similar Cephalosp
l muscle- The symptoms orin
abdominal  bacteria .  To prevent
are and
rigidity(1st usually control
) found in spasms
 Extremity soil, dust, with
muscles- and muscle
stiffness manure relaxant
of and enter (Diazepa
extremitie the body m-
s through Valium)
breaks in
the skin,
usually
cuts or
puncture
wounds
caused by
contamina
ted
objects.

2. Disease  Fever  The  MRI/CT  Promote  Antimicrob

Meningitis  Headache incubation SCAN TO rest and ial agent,
 Stiff neck period of DETECT safety Vancomyc
Alternate Name:  N/V meningoc SHIFT IN  Quiet in with
Fungal  Photopho occal BRAIN darkened cephalosp
meningitis- bia disease is CONTEN room orins
Cryptococcal  Altered 3 to 4 TS  Monitor (ceftriaxon
meningitis  mental days, with  Lumbar VS and e),
Meningococcal status a range of tap or neurologic Penicillin
meningitis (confusion 2 to 10 Lumbar status  Steroids-
meningococcemi ) young days. puncture  Fever – antiinflam
a or spotted fever babies- - Secure consent provide matory
bulging - Fetal position TSB agent
Causative fontanelle during; flat on bed  Convulsio  Osmotic
Agent: or after ns – diuretics –
 abnormal - Increase WBC; protect mannitol
Streptococcus reflexes. increase protein from injury to reduce
pneumoniae and  Rashes(p  decrease sugar  Keep CSF fluid
Neisseria etechial-  Blood patient  Anticonvul
meningitidis purpuric)- Culture hydrated sants -
Haemophilus striking and gram Dilantin
influenzae feature of staining /
N. CSF
MOT:         Meningitid Culture
Respiratory es and gram
droplet Direct staining
contact with
discharge of
nose and throat
of infected
person

3. Disease Paralytic  Incubation  Lumbar  Nutrition.  Patient is

Poliomyel Disease: period: 7- Puncture Encourag treated
itis  High 21 days – protein e frequent symptoma
fevers content of small tically
Alternate Name:  Intense CSF is meals to  Bedrest
Infantile muscle increased: promote  Use warm
paralysis, Heine- pain (+) nutritional compress
medin disease  Loss of  and fluid for spasm
muscle  Pandy’s intake;   PROM
Causative reflexes test -NR maintain when pain
Agent: Legio  Paralysis range of nasogastri and
Debilitans      3  Develops protein in c tube spasms
strains of Legio over a few CSF is feeding. are gone
Debilitans                days 0.20-0.45  Thermore  In case of
1.  Type 1 - L.D.  Asymmetr g/litre. gulation. respiratory
Brunhilde               ic  The Reduce or paralysis,
2.  Type 2 - L.D.        Affect Pandy test eliminate px is
Lansing     larger is positive the placed in 
3.  Type 3 - L.D. proximal when sources of
Leon muscles protein is heat loss mechanic
superior to in infants, al
MOT: 0.45 and ventilator
1.  Fecal –oral g/litre. monitor called iron
route  EMG – to the body lung
- mouth is the determine temperatu machine.
 portal entry (GI extent of re.
system) muscle  Airway
2.   Droplets involveme clearance.
nasopharynx is nt Assess
the portal entry  Muscle respiratory
(respiratory Testing – rate,
system) to rhythm,
3. indirect- flies, determine depth,
contaminated specific effort, and
water, food, muscle breath
utensils affected sounds;
 Stool and
exam elevate
the head
of the bed
to promote
the
optimum
level of
activity for
best
possible
lung
expansion
.
 Pain.
Administer
analgesics
as
prescribed
, and
educate
the patient
on
diversional
activities
to reduce
the pain

4. Disease Early  5 years  Skin  Psycholog  Monothera

Leprosy Manifestation but smear test ical aspect py:
 Change in symptoms  Skin of care - Dapsone
Alternate Name: skin patch may occur lesion Low self-  Multi drug
Hansen’s  Pain and within 1 biopsy esteem therapy
disease redness of year.  Lepromin -Altered (MDT)
the eyes  It can also skin test body -prevent drug
 Causative  Loss of take as image resistance
Agent: sensation, long as 20 -Social - to hasten
Mycobacterium hair years or stigma recovery
leprae growth even more   Skincare: -to lessen the
and to occur -Prevent period of
MOT: anhidrosis injury communicability
Prolonged -Supervise
intimate skin to patient
skin contact Late when  Treatmen
Droplet Infection Manifestation handling t
Lagophthalmos sharp & approach
inability to close warm : Depends
eyelids objects on
 Madarosis  Active and microorga
falling of passive nisms in
eyebrows exercise skin
 Sinking of to avoid lesions
the bridge contractur  Paucibacill
of the es ary:
nose due  Health Rifampicin
to education once a
absorption -Dapsone: month -
of the may Dapsone
small increase OD (6-9
bones the mos)
( nose, number of  Multibacill
fingers, lesions ary: -
ears) also iritis, Rifampicin
 Leonine orchitis once a
face  Lamprene: month
 Contractur may -
es cause skin Dapsone
( clawing discolorati OD
of fingers on,
and toes) dryness (24-30
 Gynecom and mos)
astia for flakiness  Lamprene
males OD (24-30
mos)
(clofazimin
e)

5. Disease Initial signs  Within 24  Saxitoxin  Induce

Red Tide  tingling of hrs in urine/ vomiting
 Poisoning the lips feces  Charcoal
and within 24 lavage
Alternate Name: tongue hours  Alkaline
Harmful algal  Symptom  Detection fluids-
bloom (HAB) s start of sodium
quickly, saxitoxin bicarbonat
median in shellfish e
Causative time  Respirator
Agent: between use
Dinoflagellate ingestion  NO
Karenia brevis and onset VACCINE
MOT: is 1 hour  NO
 Occur (between ANTIDOT
when 30 E
colonies minutes to  THE
of algae 3 hours). TOXIN
simple  H/A , N/V, CANNOT
plants dizziness BE
that live in – can be KILLED
the sea mistaken BY
and as the COOKING
freshwate patient is .
r grow drunk
 Out of  Severe
control cases
while muscular
producing paralysis
toxic or  Diaphrag
harmful m
effects on paralysis -
fish, DOB may
shellfish, occur 5-
marine 12 hours
mammals
, and
birds

Disease Signs and Incubation Period Diagnostic Nursing Medical

Alternate Name Symptoms Period of Examination Intervention Management
Causative Agent Communicability
*Pathognomo
nic Sign*
Disease: -Fever normally 14–84 -Stool -Assess patient -Administer
SCHISTOSOMIASIS -Abdominal days for acute examination Vital signs, Praziquantel as
pain schistosomiasis -Biopsy especially blood ordered.
Alternate Name: (liver/spleen -Immunological pressure, and Single-day oral
Bilharzia, Snail fever area) test temperature. treatment with
-Bloody -Monitor for signs praziquantel (20
Causative agent : diarrhea or of dehydration mg/kg twice a day
Digenetic blood in the - Encourage to for S.
trematodes stools or urine increase fluid haematobium, S.
Schistosoma -Cough intakes mansoni, and S.
haematobium, -Malaise - Monitor output intercalatum; 20
Schistosoma -Headache and input of the mg/kg 3 times a
intercalatum, -Rash patient. day for S.
Schistosoma -Body aches -Diminish japonicum and S.
japonicum, increase in mekongi) is
Schistosoma temperature. recommended.
mansoni and -.tipid sponge - Oxamniquine
Schistosoma bath (vansil)
mekongi. - Administer  - metrifonate
antipyretics as
prescribed
MOT: -Educate the
contaminate patient and the
freshwater sources family to boil their
with their excreta drinking water
containing parasite and bath water to
eggs, which hatch in kill harmful
water. parasites,
bacteria or
viruses.
- Advise the
patient and family
to Avoid  to swim
or wading in the
area where
schistosomiasis
occurs.
Disease:  Abdom Incubation Period  Stool -Assess patient Benzimidazoles.
HELMINTHS inal 18 days to several Microsco Vital signs. Benzimidazoles
pain weeks. py Improve fluid are the mainstay
Alternate Name:  Nause  Serology and electrolyte of treatment of
Worm infection, a Imaging tests balance. symptomatic and
helminthosis,  Loss  Ultrasoun -Monitor intake asymptomatic
helminthiases, of dS and output of infections; they
helminth infection appetit   MRI fluids are poorly
e  X-ray -Observe signs of systemically
Causative Agent:  Weight dehydration. absorbed and
nematodes, Ascaris loss -Give oral thus have low
lumbricoides,  Cough rehydration human toxicity
Trichuris trichiura,  Visible solution to assist and exert their
and hookworms worms in adequate action directly on
(Necator americanus in the hydration worms; the most
and Ancylostoma stools -Observe common
duodenale). (in accurate members of this
some intravenous fluid family are
MOT: cases) administration. albendazole and
fecal-oral route as a Reduce pain and mebendazole.
result of poor discomfort.
sanitary practices. Assess the extent Bowel
through direct skin and obstruction.
contact with characteristics of Treatment of
contaminated soil pain. bowel obstruction
-Give a warm includes
compress on the intravenous
abdomen hydration,
-teach the patient nasogastric
for a method of suctioning,
distraction to electrolyte
reduce pain monitoring, and
- Assist the laparotomy if
patient in  a conservative
comfortable measures fail;
position that can colonoscopy and
reduce pain. esophagogastrod
Improve uodenoscopy
nutrition. (EGD) may be
-Advice the useful in
patient to have removing
adequate and obstructing
nutritious food. - masses of worms.
Advice them to  - iron therapy,
Measure body - appropriate diet.
weight every day
-Educate the
patient and the
family about the
importance of
 adequate
nutrition, and
maintain good
oral hygiene.
Maintain
normothermia. -
Teach the client
and family the
importance of
adequate
feedback. -
Monitor fluid
intake and output;
-Provide tepid
sponge baths.
-Administer
analgesics as
prescribed.

Later signs The incubation  Direct Nursing Medical care of a

Disease: and period for rabies is fluoresce interventions for a patient with rabies
Rabies symptoms typically 2–3 nt patient with rabies may include:
may include:months but may antibody are: Inpatient care.
Alternate Name: vary from 1 week test. Improve Inpatient care of
 hydrophobia or to 1 year,  Histologic breathing patients with
lyssa Fever dependent upon examinati pattern. Place rabies may be
Head factors such as the on patient with needed if wounds
Causative Agent: ache location of virus  Immunohi proper body are extensive or
lyssavirus Nause entry and viral stochemi alignment for are on the face
a load. stry. maximum and hands, if
MOT: Vomiti breathing pattern; surgical repair or
ng maintain a clear replacement of
-through bite of
airway by blood loss is
infected animals Agitati
encouraging required, or if
on patient to mobilize infection occurs.
Anxiet own secretions Preexposure
y with successful prophylaxis.
Confu coughing; suction Preexposure,
sion secretions, as active prophylaxis
Hyper necessary; and or immunization is
activit encourage recommended for
y frequent rest veterinarians,
Difficu periods and teach veterinary
lty patients to pace students, persons
activity. who regularly
swallo
Improve explore or hike in
wing nutritional caves, laboratory
Exces intake. Provide a workers who are
sive pleasant exposed to rabies
salivat environment; virus or who
ion promote proper handle specimens
Fear positioning; considered high
broug provide good oral risk for rabies,
ht on hygiene and and persons who
dentition; visit countries
by
consider six small where rabies is a
attem nutrient-dense significant
pts to meals instead of problem (ie, visits
drink three larger meals >30 d).
fluids daily to lessen the Postexposure
becau feeling of fullness; approach to an
se of for patients with animal bite. As
difficul impaired previously stated,
ty swallowing, washing and
swallo coordinate with a wound
wing speech therapist debridement at
for evaluation and the time of a bite
water
instruction; is essential, along
Fear determine time of with careful
broug day when the cleaning of the
ht on patient’s appetite wound for longer
by air is at peak and than 10 minutes;
blown offer highest generally, leave
on the calorie meal at wounds to heal by
face that time. secondary
Halluc Maintain normal intention.
inatio body Postexposure
ns temperature. prophylaxis.
Adjust and Before the onset
Insom
monitor of rabies
nia environmental symptoms,
Partial factors like room optimal results
paraly temperature and require
sis bed linens as immediate,
indicated; vigorous wound
eliminate excess cleansing;
clothing and passive
covers; and give immunization with
antipyretic immunoglobulin;
medications as and active
prescribed. immunization with
Reduce anxiety. rabies vaccine.
Use presence, Medical
touch (with treatment after
permission), symptom onset.
verbalization, and Intensive
demeanor to cardiopulmonary
remind patients supportive care is
that they are not the only treatment
alone and to available for
encourage patients with
expression or symptomatic
clarification of rabies.
needs, concerns,
unknowns, and
questions;
interact with
patient in a
peaceful manner;
accept patient’s
defenses; do not
dare, argue, or
debate; converse
using a simple
language and
brief statements;
and explain all
activities,
procedures, and
issues that
involve the
patient; use
nonmedical terms
and calm, slow
speech.
Prevent injury.
Avoid use of
restraints; obtain
a physician’s
order if restraints
are needed; if
patient has a new
onset of
confusion
(delirium), render
reality orientation
when interacting
with him or her;
ask family or
significant others
to be with the
patient to prevent
him or her from
accidentally
falling; eliminate
or drop all
possible hazards
in the room such
as razors,
medications, and
 matches; and
place an injury-
prone patient in a
room that is near
the nurses’
station.
Prevent
infection.
Maintain or teach
asepsis for
dressing changes
and wound care;
wash hands and
teach patient and
SO to wash
hands before
contact with
patients and
between
procedures with
the patient; teach
the patient,
family, and
caregivers, the
purpose and
proper technique
for maintaining
isolation; and if
infection occurs,
teach the patient
to take antibiotics
as prescribed.

Disease:  Intens Incubation Visual inspection -Advice patients Medicated

PEDICULOSIS e Period:7-10 days to avoid head to shampoos or
itching head contact. cream rinses
Alternate Name:  Ticklin -Advice patients containing
lice, head lice, body g to wash their hair pyrethrins or
lice, pubic lice, feeling more often and permethrin are
cooties, crabs  Lice use Shampoos preferred for
on that containing treating people
Causative Agent: your pyrethrin (Rid, with head lice.
head louse (P. h. scalp, A200 Lice Products
capitis), body louse body, Treatment) or containing
(P. h. humanus) and clothin permethrin (Nix). pyrethrins,
the P pubis (pubic g, or -Advice patient to permethrin or
louse). pubic avoid using malathion are
or someone available over-
MOT: other personal items. the-counter, but
-Head to head body -wet combing those containing
contact hair. -Advice the lindane or
sharing personal  Sores patient to use a malathion are
items such as as on the fine-toothed brush available only
combs, hats or hair scalp, or nit comb to through a
accessories. neck remove Lice and physician's
-Sexual intercourse and nits prescription.
should -  change the
ers bedding and
 Bite remove clothes,
marks personal
belongings and
furniture
decontaminated.

Disease: fever, The incubation -Buboes -Patient placed in Antibiotics such

BUBONIC PLAGUE headache, period of bubonic -Blood tests isolation as streptomycin,
chills, and plague is usually 2 -Sputum test immediately. gentamicin,
Alternate Name: weakness and to 8 days. -Maintain doxycycline, or
Black death, blue one or more standard ciprofloxacin are
sickness swollen, precautions. used to treat
painful lymph -If the patient may plague.
Causative Agent: nodes (called have pneumonic Oxygen,
bacterium Yersinia buboes). plague, also intravenous fluids,
pestis. maintain droplet and respiratory
precautions support are
MOT: -Educate the usually also
-Flea bites patient about the needed.
-Contact with disease process People with
contaminated fluid and its pneumonic
or tissue treatments. plague must be
-Infectious droplets -Involves giving kept away from
antibiotic therapy caregivers and
to patient. Nurse other patients.
must take
prophylactic
measures before
coming into
contact with any
infected person.
-Give patient
physically,
mentally and
emotionally
support.

Disease: Cutaneous The incubation -Chest X-ray or Improve airway -Treatment for
ANTHRAX anthrax: period is typically 1 CT Scan patency. cutaneous
-A raised, day for cutaneous -biopsy Auscultate chest anthrax:antibiotic
Alternate Name: itchy bump. anthrax and 1–7 -stool test for crackles. monotherapy.
malignant pustule or -Swelling in days for -Blood test monitor oxygen -Hand washing
woolsorters' the sore and pulmonary -Spinal saturation and -PEP in adults,
disease. nearby lymph anthrax. Evidence tap(lumbar arterial blood the CDC
glands from mass puncture) gases recommends
Causative Agent: - fever and exposures periodically. vaccination and
Bacillus anthracis headache. indicates that oxygen therapy. the use of oral
Gastrointesti incubation periods Improve fluoroquinolones
MOT: nal anthrax: up to 60 days are breathing (ciprofloxacin,
-Breathing in spores Nausea possible for pattern. 500 mg bid;
-Eating food or Vomiting pulmonary anthrax Position for levofloxacin, 500
drinking water that is Abdominal (related to the maximum chest mg qd; or
contaminated with pain delayed activation expansion and ofloxacin, 400 mg
spores. - Getting Headache of inhaled spores). reposition bid)
spores in a cut or Loss of The incubation is frequently to -Vaccine (anthrax
scrape in the skin. appetite typically 3–7 days mobilize vaccine
Fever for the secretions; and adsorbed)
Severe, gastrointestinal provide
bloody form. supplemental
diarrhea in the oxygen or
later stages of mechanical
the disease ventilation, as
Sore throat needed.
and difficulty Eliminate
swallowing diarrhea.
Swollen neck Cases of
Inhalation gastrointestinal
anthrax: anthrax can be
Flu-like treated with
symptoms: ciprofloxacin or
sore throat, doxycycline for 60
mild fever, days.
fatigue and Improve tissue
muscle aches integrity.
Mild chest Patients with
discomfort cutaneous
Shortness of anthrax without
breath systemic
Nausea involvement (ie,
Coughing up without edema,
blood fever, cough,
Painful headache, etc) or
swallowing complications
High fever may be treated on
Trouble an outpatient
breathing basis with
Shock. antibiotic
Meningitis monotherapy.
Injection Diminish
anthrax: hyperthermia.
Redness at Administer
 the area of analgesics as
injection. prescribed.
Significant
swelling
Shock
Multiple organ
failure
Meningitis

6.

Disease Signs and Incubation Diagnostic Nursing Medical

Alternate Name Symptoms Period Examination Intervention Management
Causative Agent
*Pathognomoni Period of
c sign* Communicability

The incubation  Urine test.  Administe  Gonorrhea

Disease: Infection in men period is usually This can r is treated
Gonorrhea include: 2 to 5 days. But help identify ceftriaxon with a
Infection sometimes bacteria in e IM as single dose
 Painful symptoms may your ordered. of oral
urination not develop for urethra.  Emphasiz antibiotics,
  Pus-like up to 30 days.  Swab of e the or
Alternate Name: discharg affected need for sometimes
Gonorrhea e from area. A regular by
the tip of swab of Pap injection.
the your throat, smears The
penis urethra, and Centers for
Causative   Pain or vagina or pelvic Disease
Agent: bacterium swelling rectum can examinati Control and
Neisseria in one collect ons Prevention
gonorrhoeae testicle bacteria that because recommen
can be of the ds that
Infection in identified in family uncomplica
MOT: sexual women include: a lab. history of ted
contact ovarian gonorrhea
   Increas cancer. be treated
ed   Discuss with the
 feelings antibiotic
vaginal and ceftriaxone
discharg concerns given as an
e about the injection 
  Painful diagnosis with oral
urination of azithromyci
 Vaginal gonorrhe n
bleeding a. Stress (Zithromax)
between that such .
periods, a   If the
such as diagnosis condition
after does not does not
vaginal reflect on disappear
intercour one’s with
se self-worth traditional
 Abdomin as a antibiotics,
al or person. doctors
pelvic  Teach may
pain how to prescribe
talk with stronger
a future variations.
sexual   An
partner appointmen
about t at a GP or
condom genitourina
use. ry clinic
should be
made for
72 hours
after the
treatment
to ensure
the
antibiotics
have
worked.
 Sex or
intimate
contact
should be
avoided
until it can
be
confirmed
that the
antibiotics
have been
effective.
   Babies
with
 infection, or
at
increased
risk of it,
will usually
be given
antibiotics
immediatel
y after birth
to prevent
blindness
and further
complicatio
ns
 The most
effective
method of
prevention
is barrier
contracepti
on, such as
condoms

 The first The average Syphilis can be  Administe  The

Disease: Syphilis sign of time between diagnosed by r IM preferred
Infection syphilis acquisition of testing samples of: injection treatment
is a syphilis and the of at all
small start of the first benzathin stages is
sore symptom is 21  Blood. e penicillin,
Alternate Name: days, but can Blood tests penicillin an
Syphilis range from 10 to can confirm G as antibiotic
 A rash 90 days. the ordered, medication
that presence of and that can kill
begins antibodies document the
Causative . organism
on your that the
Agent: bacterium  Discuss that causes
trunk but body
Treponema the syphilis.
eventuall produces to
pallidum. importanc
y covers fight
your infection. e of
entire The abstainin  Even if
MOT: sexual g from
body antibodies you're
contact sexual
to the treated for
syphilis- activity syphilis
causing until he during your
bacteria and his pregnancy,
remain in partners your
your body are newborn
for years, so cured, child
the test can and of should be
be used to using tested for
 determine a condoms congenital
current or to syphilis and
past prevent if infected,
infection. reinfectio receive
 Cerebrospi n. antibiotic
nal fluid. If  Explain treatment.
it's the need
suspected to return
that you for follow-
have up testing
nervous in 3
system months
complication and again
s of syphilis, at 6
your doctor months.
may also Provide a
suggest copy of
collecting a the STI
sample of preventio
cerebrospin n
al fluid  checklist,
through a and
lumbar document
puncture. that
reminder
s need to
be sent at
3- and 6-
month
intervals.
 Notify
sexual
partners
that they
need to
come to
the clinic
for
testing.
 Refer to a
social
worker
for
counselin
g about
the
impact of
the
disease
on their
 relationsh
ip.
 Teach
the
couple
about the
importanc
e of
treatment
to the
health of
their
infant.

Yeast infection Yeast infections To diagnose a  Teach For mild to

Disease: vaginal symptoms can fully develop yeast infection, your the client moderate
yeast infection range from mild within 1–3 days. doctor may: to keep symptoms and
to moderate, Some recurring skin fold infrequent
and include: forms of yeast areas episodes, your
infection will  Ask clean and doctor might
Alternate Name: advance faster, questions dry. recommend:
vaginal  Itching and you may about your  For the
candidiasis and begin to medical hospitaliz
irritation recognize the history. ed client,  Short-
Causative in the symptoms earlier This might inspect course
Agent:Candida vagina on. include skinfold vaginal
albicans and gathering areas therapy.
vulva information  frequently Taking an
 A about past , turn and antifungal
MOT: sexual burning vaginal reposition medication
contact sensatio infections or the client for three to
n, sexually frequently seven days
especiall transmitted , will usually
y during infections.  and keep clear a
intercour  Perform a the skin yeast
se or pelvic and bed infection.
while exam. Your linens Antifungal
urinating doctor clean and medication
 Redness examines dry. s — which
and your  Provide are
swelling external frequent available
of the genitals for mouth as creams,
vulva signs of care as ointments,
 Vaginal infection. prescribe tablets and
pain and Next, your d and suppositori
sorenes doctor avoid es —
s places an  irritating include
 Vaginal instrument products. miconazole
rash (speculum)  Provide (Monistat
 Thick, into your food and 3) and
white, vagina to fluids that terconazole
odor- hold the are tepid . Some of
free vaginal in these
vaginal walls open temperat medication
discharg to examine ure s are
e with a the vagina  and non available
cottage and cervix irritating over-the-
cheese — the lower, to counter
appeara narrower mucous and others
nce part of your membran by
 Watery uterus. es. prescription
vaginal  Test  Antifunga only.
discharg vaginal l  Single-
e secretions. medicatio dose oral
Your doctor ns may medication.
may send a be Your doctor
sample of prescribe might
vaginal fluid d. prescribe a
for testing to  An one-time,
determine antifungal single oral
the type of vaginal dose of
fungus preparati fluconazole
causing the on may (Diflucan).
yeast be Oral
infection. prescribe medication
Identifying d. Oral isn't
the fungus fluconazo recommen
can help le should ded if
your doctor be you're
prescribe avoided pregnant.
more during To manage
effective pregnanc more-
treatment y due to severe
for recurrent the risk of symptoms,
yeast miscarria you might
infections. ge. take two
 For single
extensive doses three
irritation days apart.
and
swelling,
sitz baths
may be
helpful.
 Sexual
partner
may need
to be
treated
Disease: - Asymptomatic 2 - 35 days  Isolation of  Educate - Urge client to
Chlamydial - Symptoms the the have sexual
Infection similar with organism in patient partner treated
gonorrhea tissue about - Emphasize the
Alternate Name: culture chlamydi importance of long
Chlamydia  Serological a term drug therapy
complement infections because of the
Causative fixation  Encourag pathogens unique
Agent: e patient life cycle, which
Chlamydial to make it difficult to
trachomatis practice eliminate
bacteria safe sex
 Encourag
MOT: sexual e the use  Antibiotics
contact (vaginal of :
or rectal), oral- condoms doxycycline
genital  Encourag and
e patient azithromyci
to remain n
compliant  Erythromyc
with in,
medicatio ofloxacin
ns  Penicillin
 Check and its
labs for derivatives
culture are not
results effective
 Administe against
r these
antibiotic organisms.
s as
ordered
 Check
labs to
ensure
female is
not
pregnant
as
doxycycli
ne cannot
be given
in
pregnanc
y
 Encourag
e the
patient to
 notify the
partner to
come in
for a
screening
test
 Encourag
e patient
to follow
up in the
STD
clinic

Disease: Genital - Tingling, 4 days (range, 2  Tzanck  Psycholo - Antiviral

Herpes itching or to 12) after smear gic medications:
burning exposure.  PCR or support acyclovir,
Alternate Name: sensation immunofluor for famciclovir, and
Herpes simplex around their escence women valacyclovir - can
viruses: HSV-1 mouth before who are help reduce the
and HSV-2 the appearance anxious severity and
of sores about the frequency of
Causative - Vesicular potential symptoms, but
Agent: Herpes lesion - ruptures transmiss cannot cure the
simplex virus resulting to ion of the infection.
(HSV) ulcers disease
- Painful with to the
MOT: Oral inguinal newborn
secretions and lymphadenopat  and
Sexual contact hy education
Rare cases: - Lesions seen about the
transmitted from in vulva, vagina, disease
a mother with cervix, or to help
genital HSV-1 perianal area combat
infection to her accompanied by the
infant during pruritus spread of
delivery to cause and mucoid the
neonatal herpes vaginal disease
discharge and help
the
mother
better
care for
her
newborn.
 Educate
the
patient
about the
transmiss
ion of the
 disease,
safe sex
practices,
and
condom
use.
 Educate
the
patient
about the
risk of an
infected
mother
transmitti
ng the
disease
to the
newborn.
 Obtain an
accurate
and
thorough
history
concernin
g the
signs and
symptom
s of
genital
herpes.
 If
medicatio
n, such
as
acyclovir,
is used to
suppress
reactivati
on of
lesions,
the nurse
should
reinforce
the
benefits
and
importanc
e of this
treatment
.
Disease: - Fever, H/A, 30 – 50 days  CBC  Obtain a - Purely
INFECTIOUS photophobia  A monospot history of symptomatic and
MONONUCLEOS - Sore throat,  Epstein-Barr exposure supportive
IS swollen tonsils Virus  Check - Steroids for
with whitish Antigen vitals and airway
Alternate Name: covering  Epstein-Barr document obstructions and
Kissing disease - Enlarge lymph Virus presence CNS involvement
(IM, Mono, nodes, esp in Antibody of fever - Bed rest
Glandular Fever) neck and armpit Titers  Encourag - Adequate fluid
- General e not - Soft diet
Causative discomfort or ill sharing - Proper disposal
Agent: Epstein- feeling food or of oral secretions
Barr Virus (EBV) - Drowsiness personal
and fatigue care
MOT: transmitted - Loss of items
by saliva, blood appetite  Encourag
and genital - Muscle aches e patient
secretions or neck not to
stiffness, chest kiss
pain  Educate
– Enlarged patient on
spleen avoiding
- Jaundice or sports for
red measles like at least 6
rash weeks
 Encourag
e
hydration
 Tell the
patient
not to
take
penicillin-
like
antibiotic
s as it
may
result in a
rash
 Take
acetamin
ophen for
pain and
headache
 Inform
patients
to miss
school
until
symptom
 s subside

Disease: Stage 1: 6 weeks to 6  P24 antigen Symptomatic TREATMENT:

Acquired Asymptomatic, months determinatio and supportive Reverse
Immunodeficienc Flu-like n counseling transcriptase
y Syndrome symptoms with 1 yr – 10 years, Polymerase Prevention: inhibitors
(AIDS) diarrhea & asymptomatic chain A - abstinence - Lamivudine
generalized reaction - an B - be faithful - Retrovir
Alternate Name: lymphadenopat early marker C - condom - Zidovudine
Acquired immune hy of infection D - don’t use
deficiency Stage 2: drug or don’t - Azidothymidine
syndrome Unexplained share needles (AZT)
moderate  ELISE - Dideoxycytidine
Causative weight loss, (Enzyme- (ddC)
Agent: Human recurrent linked  Combination with
Immunodeficienc respiratory tract immunosorb
y Virus (HIV) infections, ent assay) - Protease inhibitors
recurring herpes screening - Indinavir
MOT: zoster, angular test - Saquinavir
 Sexual cheilitis,
intercours recurrent oral HAART (Highly
e ulceration  WESTERN active antiretroviral
 Parenteral blot assay - treatment) -
- blood Stage 3: confirmatory combination of
transfusio Unexplained test several drugs to
n, severe weight  CD4 - T cell prevent the
tattooing, loss, count (1000) development of
ear- unexplained drug
piercing, chronic resistance
injections diarrhea,
 Transplac unexplained
ental persistent fever,
persistent oral
candidiasis,
OHL, PT,
Severe bacterial
infections,
Acute
necrotizing
ulcerative,
unexplained
anemia

Stage 4: HIV
wasting
syndrome, PCP,
Recurrent
severe bacterial
pneumonia,
chronic herpes
simplex
infection,
Oesophageal
candidiasis,
extrapulmonary
tuberculosis,
Kaposi's
sarcoma