Combustion

Oxygen gas in air is essential for combustion.

The substances that can be burnt are known as combustible
substances.
1. Write examples for combustible substances.
The substances that cannot be burnt are non-combustible substances.
2. Write examples for non-combustible substances.
3. What is combustion?
The special feature of the reaction of combustion is that it is a chemical
change which takes place releasing thermal energy and light energy.
4. What is ignition temperature?
 To compare the ignition temperatures of several combustible
substances.
Activity 8.12
5. Write 3 main factors essential for combustion.

Fire triangle
Draw figure 8.8
6. What is fire triangle? Figure which shows the relationship among
the factors required to create a fire is known as the fire triangle.
7. Write main factors it is required to extinguish a fire?
8. Why we spray water over the fire?
9. What is most suitable method to extinguish fire when
somebody’s, clothes catch fire?
10. Why we should not run when clothes are on fire?
Fuels
11. What is the fuel?
12. Write examples for solid, liquid and gaseous fuels?
13. Write 2 elements almost every fuel contains.
 Identify the products formed during the combustion of fuels.
Activity 8.13 –draw figure
Complete combustion and incomplete combustion of fuels
Complete combustion occurs when an adequate oxygen gas
(supporter of combustion) is supplied for combustion.
On complete combustion carbon gives carbon dioxide and hydrogen
gives water.
More heat is produced by complete combustion.
14. What is incomplete combustion?
Carbon monoxide and unburnt carbon particles are also produced in
addition to carbon dioxide and water.
The quantity of heat produced by the flame is relatively low.

Candle flame
Draw figure 8.10
1. Non-luminous zone-
The inner zone, contains wax vapour, temperature is low relatively
to that of the other zones
2. luminous zone-
Outer to the non-luminous zone, the unburnt carbon particles
present, incandescent emitting a yellow light, The temperature in
this zone is greater than that of the non-luminous zone
3. Invisible zone- Outer to the luminous zone, blue colour at the
base of the flame, hardly visible in other areas, known as the outer
zone, has the highest temperature.

Bunsen flame
Draw 8.11
The colour of the Bunsen flame changes with the amount of oxygen
gas supplied for combustion.
1. Non-luminous zone- At the centre, consisting of unburnt gas.
2. Outer to the non-luminous zone lies a dark blue zone and a light
blue zone respectively.
3. Invisible zone-. The outer part, complete combustion occurs