4 Y%S ,xldfõ merKs iudch
wêlrKhla ;sìKs' jHjia:dodhlh f,i
ye`Èkaùu
´kE u ld,hl ´kE u iudchl cSj;a jk jeä
msrsi idudkH ck;dj hs' md,lhska" rcfha
ks,OdÍka" wd.ñl kdhlhska iy fjk;a m%N+ka
wdÈka ta w;r isák iq`M msßils' b;sydih
hkq fï ish¨ fokdf.a ls%hdldrlï ms<sìUq
lrk w;S;h hs' lreK tfia jqj o fndfyda
ft;sydisl uQ,dY%h jeä wjOdkhlska bÈßm;a
lr ;sfnkafka fojkqj lS iq`M msßig wod<
úia;r hs' tfyhska w;S;fha idudkH ck;dj
ms<sn`o wm okakd f;dr;=re iSñ;h' wfma rfÜ
b;sydih jvd fyd`Èka f;areï .ekSug kï
mqrdK ld,fha úiQ idudkH ck;djf.a cSú;h
.ek f;dr;=re bf.k .ekSu wjYH h' fuu
mdvfuka fï ish,a, ms<sn`o fndfyda f;dr;=re
±k .ekSug Tng wjia:djla ,efnkq we;'
4'1 md,kfha iajrEmh
mqrdK ld,fha wm rg md,kh lf<a rcjreka
nj ft;sydisl uQ,dY%h úia;r lr ;sfí' tf,i
md,kh f.k hdfï § wkq.ukh l< rdc;dka;%sl
ms<sfj< l=ula ± hs hk lreK meyeÈ,s lrk
b;d jeo.;a f;dr;=re fi,a,smsj, i`oyka h'
´kE u rgl md,kh fufyhjk wdh;k ;=kla
;sfí' tajd ye`Èkafjkafka jHjia:dodhlh"
úOdhlh iy wêlrKh hkqfjks' rch
hkqfjka woyia lrkafka fuu wdh;k ;=k
hs' jHjia:dodhlh hkq rgl kS;s iïmdokh
lrk wdh;kh hs' j¾;udkfha wfma rfÜ
md¾,sfïka;=j uÕsska tu lghq;a; bgq lrkakd
fia mqrdK ld,fha th bgq lrk ,oafoa
rdciNdj úisks' úOdhlh hkq kS;s l%shd;aul
lrk wdh;kh hs' Bg iïnkaO jkafka rcfha
ks,OdÍka h' wêlrKh u.ska kS;s W,a,x>kh
ùfuka iudchlg we;s úh yels ydksh j<lajd
rgjeishd fj; hqla;sh mis`o,kq ,nhs'
mqrdK ld,fha wfma rfÜ úOdhlhla iy
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
l%shd;aul jQfha o úOdhlh hs' jHjia:dodhl
uKav,hla f,i fjk u iajdëk wdh;khla
tl, fkdjQfha tiufha furg mej;sfha
rdcdKavq l%uhla jQ ksid h' úOdhlh iy
jHjia:dodhlh ye`Èkaùug l%sia;= j¾Ifhka
kujk ishjfia ,shejqKq fi,a,smsj, fhdod
;sfnkafka tla;ekaiñh hk fhÿu hs'
wkqrdOmqr Èia;%slalhg wh;a nqoaOkafkafy,
kï ia:dkfha msysá fi,a,smshl —wm fu;=jdla
fokd wjqoa ˜ j;aysñhka jykafia jod< —tla;eka
iñfhka˜ hkqfjka l< igykla olakg ;sfí'
tys fh§ ;sfnk —tla;ekaiñh˜ hk moh ilia
ù ;sfnkafka tal wdia:dk iduHh hk mo
wdY%fhks' tal wdia:dk hkqfjka ye`Èkafjkafka
rdc iNdj hs' iduHh hk jpkfhka tl`.;dj
hk f;areu ,efí' túg tla;eka iñh hkq rdc
iNdfõ tl`.;dj hk woyi ,nd fohs' by;ska
i`oyka l< nqoaOkafkfy, fi,a,smsfha msysgqjd
;sfnkafka bvï mQcdjla m%ldYhg m;a lrkq
msKsi h' tu §ukdj msßkukafka rdc iNdfõ
tl`.;dfjka rcq wK l< ksid nj tu ,smsfha
i`oyka mdGfhka lshefõ' j;aysñhka jod< hk
mofhka rcqf.a wd{dj woyia lrhs' j;aysñ hk
moh rcq ye`Èkaùug fhÿ tys m¾hdh mohls'
l%sia;= j¾Ifhka kujk ishjig wh;a fi,a,smsj,
i`oyka jk mßÈ rcfha bvï fn!oaO úydr fj;
msßkeófï lghq;a;g meñKs we;eï ks,OdÍka
ksfhdackh lrkafka ziNdjZ kñka ye`ÈkajQ
ia:dkhls' wkqrdOmqr Èia;%slalfhka fidhd f.k
;sfnk fi,a,smshl i`oyka jk mßÈ flfr<E.u
kï bvu uyskaodrdu kï fufyKs wdrduhg
msßkeóug ueKska.uqfõ Woh iy kslje,af,a
fiak kï jq ks,OdÍka iNdj ksfhdackh lsÍug
tys meñK ;sfí' ta nj tu fi,a,smsfha olajd
;sfnkafka
zziNdfhka wd ueKska.uq Woys bid kslje,s
fikq bidZZ hkqfjks'
44
 fuys iNdj hk mofhka woyia lr ;sfnkafka
tjl mej;s wêlrKh hs' rch i;= bvï
fjk;a wfhl=g mejÍu kS;suh lghq;a;ls'
tfyhska tys § wêlrKh ksfhdackh lrk
ks,OdÍkaf.a iyNd.s;ajh wjYH lghq;a;ls'
tjeks wjia:dj, § tu ks,OdÍkaf.a rdcldßh
jkakg we;af;a msßkukq ,nk bvfï iSud iy
bvu N+la;s ú`§ug wod< fldkafoais f,aLk.;
lsÍu úh hq;= h'

iNdj hk jpkh fkdfhfok ;eka

lsysmhl zuyf,aZ hk moh olakg ;sfí' th
uydf,aLl hk moh merKs isxy, NdIdfjka
,shk ,o wdldrh hs' th uyf,alï hk jpkfha
f;areug iudk h' rcfha f,alïjrekaf.a
rdcldßh ish¨ rcfha lghq;= f,aLk.; lsÍu
iy tu f,aLk wdrlaId lr .ekSug wjYH
lrk lghq;= iïmdokh lsÍu h' fujeks
uyf,alïjrfhl= .ek ueÈß.sßfhka fidhd
f.k ;sfnk fi,a,smshl i`oyka h' ta ld,fha
ueÈß.sßfha msysgd ;snQ we;afjfyr kñka ye`ÈkajQ
mOdk>rhlg fojk fiak rc;=udf.a wKska
msßkuk ,o bvï mQcd lr tys kS;suh lghq;= bgq
lsÍug ldYHm kue;s uyf,alïjrhd ^uyf,a
liand& tys meñKs nj tu fi,a,smsfha i`oyka h'
wkqrdOmqrh w.k.rh f,i mej;s hq.fha § rfÜ
md,k flakaøia:dkh jQfha o th hs' rcq w.k.rfha
isg rg md,kh lf<a h' j¾;udk ld,fha fuka
ikaksfõokh iy .ukd.ukh myiq fkdjQ ta
ld,fha wkqrdOmqrfhka wE; m<d;aj, md,k
lghq;= wkqrdOmqrfha isg fufyhùu wmyiq
lreKla nj meyeÈ,s h' fï fya;=j ksid m<d;a
md,kh i`oyd rchg iïnkaO fjk u mßmd,k
tall ;snQ nj meyeÈ,s lr .ekSug bjy,a jk
idOl idys;H uq,dY%hj, olakg ;sfí' fï
i`oyd fmkajd Èh yels ksoiqkla jkafka jiN
rc;=udf.a md,k ld,fha § rpkd lrk ,o
j,a,smqrï rkam;a f,aLkh hs' tu f,aLkfha
i`oyka lr ;sfnkafka jiN rc;=udf.a md,k
iufha kd.§mh md,kh l< iDIs.sß kï

PdhdrEmh wxl 4'1 l%sia;= j¾Ifhka 9 jk ishjfia § rpkd lrk ,o

fi,a,smshl ±lafjk ixfla; lsysmhla' fuys jgdm;l i,l=K u`.ska
rdclSh;ajh y.jk fixflda,h o je,la fuka i,l=K u`.ska yxihd
o ksrEms; h' yxihd i,l=Kq lrkafka fok ,o §ukdfõ mú;%;ajhhs'
by<ska u we;s wvi`o ,l=fKka fuu §ukdj br y`o mj;akd;dla l,a
mj;sk njo n,a,d yd lmqgd ixfla;h u`.ska fuu §ukdjg ndOd
l<jqka u;= wd;aufha tjeks i;=kaj bmefok nj;a y`.jhs'
45
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
weu;shd tys mshx.=l;siai kï úydrh bÈ l<
nj hs' fuu i`oyk u`.ska meyeÈ,sj fmkajd
fokafka m%;Hka; m%foaY md,kh lsÍug uOHu
rcfha ksfhdacs;hska m;a fldg ;snQ wdldrh hs'
óg wu;rj Bg;a jvd my< uÜgfï mßmd,k
lghq;= fufyhùug iajdëk uKav, ta ta
m%foaYj, ;sìKs' l%sia;= j¾Ifhka kujk
ishjfia mej;s tjeks m%dfoaYSh uÜgfï mßmd,k
uKav, fi,a,smsj, y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka zoi.ï
we;a;ka‍‍ ' hkqfjks' .ï oyhla ksfhdackh jk
mßÈ tajdfha m%OdkSkaf.ka iukaú; tu uKav,h
iq`M mßudKfha mßmd,k lghq;=j, iyNd.s ù
;sfí' ud;f,a Èia;%slalhg wh;a merKs fn!oaO
úydrhla jQ l`MÈhfmdl=fKa ;sfnk fi,a,smshl
tu úydrhg odkh mQcd lsÍfï § hï .eg¨ldß
;;a;ajhla mek ke.=K fyd;a oi.ï we;a;ka
/ia ù th úi`od Èh hq;= nj i`oyka lr ;sfí'
wkqrdOmqrh furg md,k flakaøh f,i
l%shd;aulj mej;s iufha isg rdcH Wreuh
iïnkaOfhka wkq.ukh lrk ,oafoa ms;D
uQ,sl l%uhls' wNsfIal ìijf.a mq;=kag rdcHhg
Wreulï lSfï yelshdj ;sìKs' mshdf.ka miqj
mq;=g rdcHh ysñúh hq;= njg ms<s.ekSula
mej;sh o kshudkql+, jYfhka l%shd;aul jQfha
ta ta wjia:dj, rc mjqf,a isá fc්Hෂ්G mqoa.,hdg
rdcH n,h ,eîu hs' foajdkïmsh;siai rcqf.ka
miq ms<sfj<ska n,hg m;a jqfha W;a;sh" uydisj"
iQr;siai iy wfia, hk Tyqf.a nd, fidfydhqrka
isjqfokd hs'
mßmd,kfha § rfÜ ck;djf.a iqNisoaêh m;d
lghq;= lsÍug md,lfhda lghq;= l<y' wd.ñl
ia:dkj,g §ukd msßkeóu muKla fkdj
idudkH ck;djf.a hym; fjkqfjka o Tjqyq
l%shd l<y' úfYaIfhka u ck;djg w;HjYH
ldrKhla jk fmdÿ fi!LH myiqlï k.d
isgqùug md,lfhda ksn`oj ish wjOdkh fhduq
l<y' zfjcacid,dZ hk moh merKs idys;H
uQ,dY%hj, i`oyka h' thska woyia lrk
,oafoa frday,a h' zfjcZ hkqfjka y`ÿkajk ,o
ffjoHjre .ek l%sia;= mQ¾j fojk ishji ;rï
wE; ld,hlg wh;a fi,a,smsj, i`oyka fõ'
nqoaOodi rc;=ud ^l%s'j 340-368& frday,a bÈ lsÍug
uy;a fjfyila ±rE md,lfhls' miajk uyskao
rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 982-1029& tjl Y%S ,xldfõ fkdfhla
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
m<d;aj, msysgqjd ;snQ frday,aj,g wjYH ish¨
foa ,nd §ug lghq;= lf<a h' y;rjk ldYHm
rc;=udf.a ^l%s'j' 914-923& md,k ld,fha §
wkqrdOmqr iy tys wjg m%foaYj, oreKq WK
frda.hla me;sr .sfha h' tjl mej;s idudkH
frday,aj, ;sfnk myiqlï hgf;a tu WK
frda.h je<÷Kq frda.skag m%;sldr lsÍu wmyiq
nj jgyd .;a rc;=ud ta i`oyd úfYaI frday,la
bÈ l< nj;a ft;sydisl uq,dY%hj, ioyka h' ta
i`oyd zWmi.a.frda.kdiZ hk fhÿu uq,dY%hj,
oelafõ'
.eìks uõjrekaf.a wjYH;d i`oyd ud;D ksjdi
bÈ lsßug m<uqjk Wm;siai rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 365-406&
ls%shd lf<a h' tjeks Yd,d y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka
zmijka;skdu id,dZ hk kñks' m%iQ;sh i`oyd
bÈ l< Yd,d hkq tys woyi hs' fi,a,smsj,
tjeks f.dvke.s,s ;sôßf.a hkqfjka kï fldg
;sfí' b;d merKs ld,hl isg furg ud;D
ksjdi bÈ lsÍfï iïm%odh mej;sKs' mKavqldNh
rcqf.a ld,fha wkqrdOmqrfha fid;aÓid,d kñka
y`ÿkajk ,o f.dvke.s,s úfYaIhla ;sìKs'
fid;aÓid,d hk ku n%dyauKhska ish wd.ñl
lghq;= mj;ajk ,o ;eka ye`Èkaùug;a ud;D
ksjdi ye`Èkaùug;a Ndú; l< nj wgqjd .%ka:j,
úia;r lr ;sfí'
wfma rg md,kh l< nqoaêu;a rcjre ;ukaf.a
wi,ajeis rgj,a iuÕ fuka u we;eï wjia:dj,
ÿre rgj,a iuÕ o b;d iqyoYS,S in`o;djlska
lghq;= l<y' ld,fhka ld,hg tu in`o;d
l%shd;aul jQ m%foaY fjkia jQ w;r bkaÈhdj
we;=`M fjk;a wdishd;sl rgj,a iy wrdìh
iu`. b;sydifha wE; ld,hl isg o iuyr
hqfrdamd rdcH iu`. uE; ishjiaj, o in`o;d
mej;sKs' ,ïnl¾K jxYhg wh;a Y%S ,xldfõ
lS¾;su;a md,lfhl= jQ m<uqjk .cndyq
rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 114-136& m;a;sks foajd,hla újD;
lsÍfï W;aijhlg iyNd.s ùu i`oyd ol=Kq
bkaÈhdfõ fÉr rdcHhg meñKs nj trfÜ
fi,a,smsj, i`oyka h'
iuyr úg fuu rdcH pdßldfõ wruqK jkakg
we;af;a forg w;r rdcH ;dka;%sl iqyo;dj
kxjd,Su úh yels h'
lksÜG;siai rc;=ud ^l%s'j' 167-186& úiska
46
frdaudkql foaYhg ;dkdm;s ks,OdÍka hjk
,o njg i`oykla uydjxihg we;=<;a h' fuys
frdaudkql foaYh hkqfjka y÷kajd ;sfnkafka
frdauh hs' rEjkaje,s iEhg mQcdjla meje;aùug
wjYH jQ ùÿre mn`M /f.k tau tu ¥; fufyjf¾
wruqK úh'
l%sia;= j¾Ifhka wgjk yd kujk ishjiaj, oS
furg md,lhska Ökh iu. ióm in`o;djla
f.dv k.d .;ay' ta ld,h ;=< Ökhg furáka
;dkdm;sjre msg;aj .sfhdah' yhjk w.a.fndaê
rcqf.a md,k ld,fha § fuu in`o;d jvd;a
Yla;su;a ù ;sìKs' tiufha § úis j;djla Y%S
,xldfjka Ökhg rdcH ;dka;%sl ¥; .uka
fhÈKs' fjf<`odfï id¾:l;ajh Ökh iu`.
f.dv k.d .;a in`o;dj, uQ,sl miqìu jQ w;r
bka ixialD;sl n,mEula o we;s lf<ah'
Y%S ,xldj ish wi,ajdiS rgj,a iu`. meje;ajQ
in`o;d ms<sìUq jk ;j;a wdldrhla ta rgj,a
iu. we;s lr .;a újdy in|;d uÕska ms<sìUq
fjhs' úfYaIfhka u bkaÈhdfõ m%n, rdcH f,i
mej;s ld,sx. iy mdKavH foaY iu`. furg
md,lhska we;s lr .;a újdy in`o;d .ek
f;dr;=re jxil:dj, olakg ;sfí' m<uqjk
úchndyq rc;=ud ^l%s'j 1070 - 1110& ;sf,daliqkaoÍ
kï jq ld,sx. jxYsl l=udßldj újdy lr .;a
w;r trcqf.a fidfydhqßh jq ñ;a;d l=ußh újdy
jQfha mdKavH foaYfha l=ufrl= iu. h' {d;s
in`o;d yryd foaYmd,k n,h ia:djrj mj;ajd
f.k hdu fujeks újdy iïnkaO;dj, uQ,sl
wruqK jQ nj fmfka'
NdId-wd.ï w;ska fjkia jqj o ;ukaf.a wi,ajdiS
rgj, m%cdj foi úYajdijka; f,i lghq;= lsÍu
wfma merKs md,lhskaf.a úfoaY m%;sm;a;sh ;=<
;snQ lemS fmfkk ,laIKhls' m<uqjk úchndyq
rc;=ud úiska fmdf,dkakrefõ msysá o<od ud,s.
fha wdrlaIdj i`oyd fõff,laldr yuqodj m;a
lsÍu thg lÈu ksoiqkls' fõff,laldr yuqodj
hkq ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka fuys meñKs jegqmg
fiajh lrk wdrlaIl fiakdjls'
l%sia;= j¾Ifhka oyjk ishjiska miq
ld,fha § wfma rcjre wrdì rgj,a iuÕ
b;d iqyo in`o;djla f.dv k.d .;ay' wrdì
fjf<`ÿkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka tjl bkaÈhdkq
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
id.rfha l%shd;aulj mej;s fjf<`o lghq;=j,g
Y%S ,xldfõ odhl;ajh ia:djr f,i mj;ajd
f.k hdu tys wruqK jQ nj fmfka' l%sia;=
j¾Ifhka kujk ishjfiA cSj;a jQ wrdì cd;sl
b;sydi`{hl= jQ w,a-n,iQß i`oyka lrk wkaoug
tiufha r;=leg Èjhsfka ^fï kñka y`ÿkajk
,oafoa Y%S ,xldj hs& rcq bia,dóh rcq iu. ;E.s
yqjudre lr .;af;ah'
idrdxY jYfhka oelajqj fyd;a mqrdK ld,fha
furg mej;s md,kfha uQ,sl wruqK jqfha
rgjeishd w;r iduldó iycSjkhla we;s
lsÍu;a Tjqkaf.a iqNidOkh ie,iSu;a uõìfï
iqrlaIs;;dj iy rgjeishdf.a wkd.; ÑrcSjkh
Wfoid N=ñfha wLKav;ajh wdrlaId lsÍu;a h'
Bg iudka;rj ;ukaf.a wi,ajdiS rgj,a iu.
iqyoj wjfndaOfhka lghq;= lsÍug o Tõyq
ÿrolakd {dkhlska hq;=j l%shd l< nj o fmfka'
4'2 wd¾Òlh
rfÜ fndfyda msßila cSj;a jQfha .ïj, h' ta
.ïj, jeishkaf.a cSú; j¾;udkhg idfmalaIj
b;d ir, wdldrhg yev .eiS ;sìKs' fndfyda
fokdf.a cSjk jD;a;sh jQfha f.dú;ek hs'
we;euqka fyaka f.dú;ekaj, fhÿK w;r fiiq
wh l=Uqre f.dú;ekaj, ksr; jQy' cSj;a ùu
i`oyd i;=ka we;s lsÍu mej;sKs' Bg wu;rj
fkdfhla jD;a;Skaj, fhÿKq msßia Tjqkag u
fjka jQ .ïj, cSj;a jQy'
4'2'1 f.dú;ek
Y%S ,xldfõ merKs iudcfha jdih l< fndfyda
.eñhkaf.a m%Odk cSjk jD;a;sh jQfha f.dú;ek
hs' i;=ka we;s lsÍu fyj;a mY= md,kh o
f.dú;eka lghq;=j,g u ;odkqnoaOj mj;ajd
f.k .sh lghq;a;ls' f.dú;eka lghq;= wdldr
follg isÿ flßKs' bka m<uqjekak fyaka
f.dú;ek hs' fojekak uv f.dú;ek fyj;a
l=Uqre f.dú;ekhs' fï w;ßka jvd;a merKs fyaka
f.dú;ek nj ft;sydisl iy mqrdúoHd;aul
uQ,dY%h uÕska ;yjqre lrhs' nq;airK kï
idys;H lD;sfha fifyka hkqfjka o isxy,
Wïu.a. cd;lfha fiaka hkqfjka o fi,a,smsj,
zmsáìïZ hkqfjka o y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka merKs
ld,fha ;snQ fyaka h'
47
 PdhdrEmh wxl 4'2 ilia lr fnda. isgqùug fmr kj±<s fyakl o¾Ykhla
fyaka f.dú;ek - fyaka f.dú;ek hkq f.dv
f.dú;ekls' ;ukag wjYH m%udKfha OdkH
iy t<j`M jjd .ekSug m%udKj;a ;rfï bvï
fldgila uyle,Ejlska fjka fldg f.k th
lmd .sks ;eîfuka fyakla ilia lr .kq ,efí'
fuys § úYd, .ia lmd fkd±óug j. n,d
.efka' uq,sl jYfhka t<sfmfy,s lr .;a le,E
fldgi .sks;eîug fmr ish¨ i;=kag bka bj;a
jk f,i Yío k.d lE .eiSu isÿ lrkafka fyak
wh;a f.dúhd úisks'
w¨;ska .sks;nd .;a fyakla y`ÿkajkafka kj±,s
fyak kñks' tjeks fyaka b;d ireidr h'
kj±,sfiak hk fhÿu ioaO¾ur;kdj,sfha o
fh§ ;sfí' Y%s ,xldfõ we;eï m<d;aj, kj±,s
fyak hk fhÿug fjk;a f;areula § ;sfí'
l=rlalka" fld,a¨" W`ÿ" uqx" bß`.=" uE" ;Kyd,a"
wifudao.ï, wuq hk me<Eá kjh o¨ ,d irejg
jejqKq fyaka kj±,s fyaka hkqfjka ye`Èkafjk
nj bka lshefõ' ld,hla w;yer oud h<s;a
j.d lsÍu wrUk fyaka ye`Èkaùug zlk;a;Z
hk jpkh Ndú; lrkafka wkqrdOmqr m<df;a
.eñhka h' fyaka j.dfõ § wkq.ukh flfrk
idudkH l%uh jQfha jrla fojrla j.d l< fyak
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
bka miq w;yer ±óu hs' ld,hla tfia w;yer
oud ;sîfuka t;ek h<s;a le,Ej yg .kS' tksid
merKs fyaka j.dj lsisúfgl;a mßirhg wksis
n,mEula we;s fkdlf<a h'
fyakaj, j.d lrk ,o foa w;r W`ÿ" uE" uqx"
l=rlalka" bß`.=" ;," wuq" wn" ÿre" ;Kyd,a hk
weg j¾. o lrngq" ;síngq" jïngq" w`Mmqyq,a iy
jÜglald hk t<j`M j¾. we,a ù j¾. iy w,
j¾. Wla.ia iy lmq o úh' j.d lrk ,oafoa
tajdg u fjka jQ fyakaj, h' ta ld,fha rgg
wjYH jq frÈ iy yl=re ksmoùug m%udKj;a
;rñka lmq j.dj iy Wla j.dj furg ÈhqKq
ù ;sìKs' jegqma ,nñka Wla l¾udka;fha fh§
isá lïlrejka .ek jxil:dj, i`oykaj ;ssfí'
b;sydifha §¾>ld,hla ;siafia rgg wjYH yl=re
rg ;=<u ksmojd .ekSug wfma uq;=kañ;af;da
iu;a jQy' l%sia;= j¾Ifhka oyihjk ishji jk
;=re furgg iSkS wdkhkh fkdl< nj úoaj;ayq
fmkajd fo;ss'
fyakla fldgkafka ;uka jdih lrk ksjig
;rula wE; m%foaYhl neúka fyafka wiajekak
,nd .kakd ;=re f.dúfhda fyafka bÈ lrk
48
is;=ju wxl 4''1 fyakla hkq b;d iqkaor o¾Ykhls' fyak jk i;=kaf.ka fírd .ekSug rd;%s ld,fha ,e.=ï .ekSug ilia
l< me," fyak jgd bÈ l< o`vqjeg wd§ foa tys olakg ;sfnk iq,n foa h'
,o me,am;l ;djld,slj ,e.=ï .ks;s' fyak
jki;=kaf.ka wdrlaId lr .ekSug fyak jgd
bÈ lrk ,S jeg y`ÿkajkafka zo`vqjegZ hk
kñks' fyafka Wia .il bÈ lrk l=vd me,am;
ye`Èkafjkafka zme,Z kñks' rd;%s ld,hg fyakg
meñfKk i;=kaf.ka ;u fyak wdrlaId lr
.ekSug f.dúhd /h myka lrk ,oafoa fuu
mef,a h'
fyaka j.d lsÍu fjkqfjka we;eï rcjrekaf.a
ld,j, § nÿ wh lr f.k ;sfí' le;s
wv" flgQ lkn wh hkqfjka fi,a,smsj,
y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka tjeks nÿ j¾. folls'
fmdf<dkakrefõ rc l< ksYaYxl u,a, rc;=ud
^l%s'j 1187 -1196& tu nÿ j¾. fol wfydais l< nj
trcq úiska lrjk ,o fi,a,smsj, i|yka fõ'
mqrdK ld,fha ck.ykh wêl fkdjqfhka
fyaka j.dj ish cSjk wjYH;d i`oyd m%udKj;a
jD;a;shla úh' uv f.dú;ekla f,i ù j.dj
wdrïN jqfha jeäjk ck.ykhg wjYH lrk
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
wdydr jeäjeäfhka ksmoùug h'
ù f.dú;ek - fi,a,smsj," ù j.d lrk ,o
;eka l=Uqr iy fl; hk jpk foflka y`ÿkajd
§ ;sfí' we;eï úg l=Uqr hkqfjka y`ÿkajkakg
we;af;a ù j.djg Ndú; l< l=vd bv m%udKhla
ùug bv ;sfí' zfl;Z hk jpkh ixialD;
NdIdfõ zlafI;%Z hk jpkfhka ilia jQjls' bka
woyia lrk ,oafoa ;rul úYd, l=Uqre hdhj,a h'
fndfyda wjia:dj, ù j.dj mj;ajd f.k hk
,oafoa jdßud¾. Ndú; lsÍfuks' fudaiï jeis
ld,j, § j¾Id c,h jeõj, /ia lr .eksKs'
wk;=rej tajd we< ud¾. Tiafia l=Uqrej,g
,nd §ug lghq;= fhdod ;sìKs' j¾Ihg fojrla
ù j.d flßKs' ù j.d l< ld, y`ÿkajkafka
zlkakZ hk kñks' j.d l< lkak fol y`ÿkajk
,oafoa uy lkakh iy h, lkakh hkqfjks' óg
wu;rj ueo lkakh hkqfjka ye`Èkafjk ;j;a
lkakhla .ek fi,a,smsj, i`oyka h' h,-uy
w;r ;snQ tu lkakfha j.d lsÍu r`od mej;sfha
c,h iq,n ùu u; h'
49
ù j.dj id¾:lj mj;ajd f.k hdu i`oyd úh<s
l,dmfha m%Odk wjYH;dj jQfha m%udKj;a
f,i c,h ,nd .ekSu hs' j¾Id c,h tl;= lr
.ekSu;a iajNdúl .x.d yria lr we<ud¾.
Tiafia c,h l=Uqre fj; f.k hdu;a tu
wjYH;dj imqrd .ekSug wkq.ukh l< Wml%u
folhs' jeõ ;ekSfï iïm%odh furg ÈhqKq jqfha
c,h /ia lr .ekSfï wjYH;djg uqyqK §fï
Wml%uhla f,ih' uyd mrdl%undyq rc;=ud ^l%s'j
1153-1186& úiska m%ldY lrk ,o —wyiska jefgk
tl Èh ì|laj;a m%fhdackhg fkdf.k uqyqog
hdug bv fkdÈh hq;=h˜ hk m%ldYh u.ska c,h
wdrlaId lr .ekSfï jeo.;alu md,lhd úiska
ÿgq wdldrh wmg fmkajd fohs'
j¾;udkfha § fuka fkdj merKs hq.fha l=Uqre
f.dú;eka lsÍfï § fkdfhl=;a pdß;% isÿ lsÍug
f.dúfhda j. n,d .;ay' iajNdjO¾uh iuÕ b;d
iqyoYS,s f,i lghq;= lrñka ;ukaf.a cSúldj
lr .ekSug bka ,enqKq msájy, w;suy;a h'
i;a;aj md,kh - f.dú;eka lghq;=j,g
wu;rj tl, i;a;aj md,kh o mej;sKs' ta
w;r m%Odk jQfha .j md,kh hs' .jmd,kfha
fhÿKq msßia i`oyd u fjka jQ f.damd,.ï .ek
fi,a,smsj,;a wka idys;H uQ,dY%hj,;a i`oyka
h' mY= iïm;a fyj;a i;=kaf.ka ,nd .kakd ±
wdydr i`oyd uy;a fia bjy,a úh' ó lsß" .sf;,a"
fj`vre wd§ foa ta w;r m%Odk úh' fld<U cd;sl
fl!;=ld.drfha ;sfnk y;rjk ldYH rc;=ud
úiska fldgjk ,o fi,a,smshl lsßf.ß hk
moh olskakg ;sfí' bka woyia lr ;sfnkafka
lsß ,nd .ekSu i`oyd we;s lrk .jhska h'
.DyKshla t<foklf.ka lsß fodajkh lrk
wdldrh fmkajk lÈu leghula iS.sßfha msysá
kd.mín úydrh kñka ye`Èkafjk mqrdK
ia;+mfha Od;=.¾Nfha ;ekam;a lr ;snQ uydfïre
.f,a leghï lr we;'
.jhska yereKq úg l=l=<ka iy t`Mjka o ksfjiaj,
we;s lf<a h' fmdf<dkakrefõ ueÈß.sßfha
msysgd ;snqKq we;afjfyr mOdk>rfha frdayf,a
frda.Skaf.a wjYH;d i`oyd iajNdúlj ñh.sh
t`Mjkaf.a iy l=l=<kaf.a udxY muKla fhdod
.; hq;= nj ±lafjk i`oykla l%sia;= j¾Ifhka
kujk ishjfia rpkd lrk ,o fi,a,smshl
olakg ;sfí'
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
4'2'2 l¾udka;
b;d mqrdK ld,hl isg Y%S ,xldfõ f,day
l¾udka;h b;d ÈhqKq ;;a;ajhl mej;s nj óg
by; mdvïj, § bf.k .ekSug Tng wjia:djla
,eìKs' f,day Ndú; lrñka l¾udka;j, fhÿKq
Ys,amSka .ek hï f;dr;=re uQ,dY%hj, olakg
;sfí' fï w;r úfYaIfhka lemS fmfkkafka
hlv jev l< lïu,alrejka h' Tjqka ye`Èkaùug
fi,a,smsj, fhdod ;sfnkafka zlnrZ hk ku hs'
ta lïudr hk jpkh mqrdK isxy, NdIdfjka
,shQ wdldrh hs' hlv ;e`ME lïu,alrejd
.ïjeishkaag b;d wjYH jeo.;a mqoa.,fhl=
úh' tÈfkod f.dú;eka lghq;=j,g wjYH
le;a;" W±,a," k`.=, wdÈ ± Tjqkag ;kd ÿkafka
lïu,alrejd hs' fmdf<dkakrej Èia;%slalhg
wh;a uq;=.,a, kï ia:dkfha ;sfnk fi,a,smshl
ucacsu kï lïu,alrejl= .ek i`oykaj ;sfí'
óg wu;rj ;U f,dayfhka ^;nlr& iy áka
f,dayfhka l¾udka; l< Ys,amSyq o tl,
isáhy' tl, úiQ rkalrejka ye`Èkaùug merKs
f,aLkj, fhdod ;sfnkafka ;=,dOdr hk
jpkh hs' we;eï fmd;am;aj, Tjqka iaj¾Kldr
hk kñka o úia;r lr ;sfí' yïnkaf;dg
Èia;s%lalhg wh;a uKav., kï ia:dkfha
msysá tla;rd fi,a,smshl ;=,or iquk kñka
y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka rkalrefjl= .ek h'
wkqrdOmqr, ud.u wdÈ merKs k.rj, lr ;sfnk
mqrdúoHd;aul leKSïj,ska fidhd f.k ;sfnk
ueKsla iy w¾O ueKsla j¾.j,ska ksu lrk ,o
mn`M, uqød wdÈ foa uÕsska tl, furg iudcfha
mej;s ueKsla l¾udka;fha iajNdjh ms<sìUq
lrhs' tjeks lghq;=j, kshqla;j isá Ys,amSka
y`ÿkajk ,oafoa uKslr hk kñks'
mqrdK ld,fha furg iudcfha mej;s ;j;a
l¾udka;hla jQfha we;ao;a leghï l,dj hs'
uykqjr Èia;%slalhg wh;a fõ.sßh foajd,h
wi, msysá fi,a,smshl oál iquk kï jQ we;ao;a
Ys,amshl= .ek i`oyka h' oál hkq oka;sl hk
jpkfhka ilia jQjls'
tl, úiQ idudkH ck;djg ;ukaf.a
tÈfkod lghq;= i`oyd jvd;a Wmfhda.s jQfha
ueáNdKav hs' mqrdúoHd;aul leKSïj,ska
w;súYd, m%udKhla tjeks ueáNdKavj,g wh;a
50
iqkanqka fidhd f.k ;sfí' ueáNdKav iE§u tl,
fyd`Èka ixúOdkh jQ l¾udka;hlaj mej;sKs'
ueál¾udka;fha kshe<s isá mqoa.,hska .ek
óg wjqreÿ 2250 lg by; ,shejqKq fi,a,smsj,
mjd i`oyka h' tl, Tjqka ye`ÈkajQfha l=ïNldr
^l=nlr& hk kñks'
yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalfha fjfyrflu kï
ia:dkfha ;sfnk fi,a,smshl z;;jhZ kñka
jpkhla fh§ ;sfí' fuu jpkh ;ka;= jdh
hk fomoh u.ska ilia jQjls' tys f;areu kQ,a
lákakd hkak hs' kQ,a leàu frÈ úùug wod<
lghq;a;ls' b;d merKs ld,hl isg frÈ úùu
wfma rfÜ mej;s nj ft;sydisl uQ,dY%hj,
i`oyka fõ' fjfyrflu fi,a,smsfha i`oyka
jk kQ,alákakka ms<sn`o i`oyka lsÍu ta ld,fha
mej;s frÈ úùfï l¾udka;h ms<sn`o ksiel
idlaIshla f,i ie,lsh yels h'
jD;a;sh jYfhka úúO l¾udka;j, kshe`MKq
mqoa.,hska .ek f;dr;=re wfma b;sydifha
i`oyka ùfuka fmfkkafka wfma rfÜ mej;s
mqrdK iudch b;d l%uj;a wkaoug ixúOdkh ù
;snqKq nj hs' fï ish¨ Ys,amSyq ta ld,fha iudch
fyd`Èka mj;ajd f.k hdug ;ukaf.a oekqfuka
iy Y%ufhka b;d w.kd fufyhla bgq lrkq
,enQy'
4'2'3 fjf<`odu - mqrdK ld,fha mej;sfha k.r
lsysmhls' ft;sydisl uQ,dY%hj, ±lafjk wkaoug
wkqrdOmqrh iy ud.u ta w;r m%Odk úh' tajd
ye`Èkaùug —mqr˜ hk moh fhdod ;sfí' tjeks
úYd, k.rj, cSj;a jQfha j;afmdfydi;alï
we;s wh hs' ta k.rj, foaYSh fuka u úfoaYSh
fjf<kaoka .ejisKs' wkqrdOmqr k.rfha
ol=KQ fodrgqj wi, ld<iquk kñka ye`Èka jQ
fjf<`om<la ;sìKs'
fjf<`odu merKs ld,fha furg mej;s m%Odk
cSjkud¾.hla úh' fjf<`o lghq;= rg we;=<;
fukau ráka msg; fjk;a foaY iuÕ o mej;sKs'
is.sßfha ngysr c,WoHdkfha ;sfnk tla;rd
fi,a,smshl zwn, jmrZ kñka ye`Èkafjk
mqoa.,fhl= .ek i`oyka h' ta wdï, jHdmdr
hk jpkh merKs isxy, NdIdfjka ,shd we;s
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
wdldrh hs' tf,i y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka ishU,d
fjf<kafols' tu fi,a,smsh óg wjqreÿ 2250
lg muK by; ld,hl rpkd lrk ,oaols'
iq`M msßila yereKq úg fiiq fjf<kafoda iuQy
jYfhka ixúOdkh ù lghq;= l< y' tjeks
ixúOdkhla y`ÿkajk ,oafoa zmQ.hZ hk kñks'
we;eï ;ekl ta i`oyd zkshuia:dkZ hk jpkh
o fhdod ;sfí'
fjf<`odfï kshqla; jQ msßia tl, y`ÿkajk
,oafoa zjKscZ hk kñka fyda zjdmrZ hk kñks'
jdmr hk jpkh jHdmdßl hk moh merKs
isxy, NdIdfjka ,shQ wdldrh hs' merKs iudcfha
cSj;a jQ Okj;a msßila jQfha fulS fjf<kaoka
h' Tjqka úiska fn!oaO NslaIQkajykafia,dg
jev jdih lsÍu i`oyd .,a.=yd mjd mQcd lr
;sfí' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalhg wh;a uKav.,
kï ia:dkfha ;sfnk fi,a,smshl iquk kï
fjf<kaol= úiska tf,i mQcd lrk ,o .,a.=ydjla
.ek i`oyka fõ' fjfyrflu kï ia:dkfhka
fidhd f.k ;sfnk fi,a,smshlg wkqj frÈ
úhd fjf<`odï l< whf.a ixúOdkhla u`.ska
NslaIQkajykafia,dg .=ydjla mQcd lsÍug wod<
úia;rh tu fi,a,smsfha i`oyka h'
fjf<| k.r yd fjf<| .ï wdYs%;j NdKav
fjf<|dï lsÍu i|yd fjf<| fmd<j,a mej;sKs'
uyd.%dufha isg wkqrdOmqrhg meñ‚ iqrksu,
kï ;eke;af;l= fjf<|fmd<lska iqj| ú,jqka
ñ, § .;a nj idys;H uQ,dY%hj, i|yka fõ'
y;rjk Woh ^l%s'j'946 -954& rcqf.a fydamsá.u
geï ,smsfha i|yka f;dr;=re u.ska mqrdK
fjf<|fmd<j,a ixúOdkd;aul f,i md,kh jQ
wdldrh fmkajd fohs'
fï i`oyd ±laúh yels fyd`ou ksoiqk
fidrfndrjej geï ,smsfha úia;r lr
;sfnk fydaamsá.u fj<`ofmd<hs' tys md,kh
iïnkaOfhka rc;=ud úiska meK jQ kS;s tu
,smshg we;=<;a h' fj<`ofmd<g meñfKk
lr;a;j,ska ñi fj<`ofmd< miqfldg f.k hk
lr;a;j,ska nÿ wh lr .ekSu fkdl< hq;= njg
kS;shla tys i`oyka fõ' ysret<sfhka wdjrKh
jk mßÈ uvqjla hg muKla nq,;a fj<`odï l<
hq;= njg kS;shla mkjd ;sfnkafka úh<s .sh
51
 is;shu 4'1 merKs fjf<| k.r iy jrdhhka

52
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
nq,;a uyckhdg úlsKsu md,kh lsÍug h'
tl, fmdfyd් Èkj, fjf<`odu isÿ jqfha ke;'
fmdfydh Èkj, fjf<`odï l< whf.ka ov
uqo,a wh lr .;af;a h' fydamsá.u fjf<`omf<a
fmdfydh Èkj, fjf<`o lghq;= l< wh ovhla
f,i uyshx.k úydrfha myka ±,aùug f;,a
,nd Èh hq;= úh'
l%sia;= j¾Ifhka tfldf<diajk ishjfia isg iy
;=kajk ishji olajd furfÜ l%shd;aul jQ ol=Kq
bkaÈhdkq iïNjhla we;s fjf<`o ixúOdk
lsysmhla .ek Y%S ,xldfjka fidhd f.k ;sfnk
ta ld,hg wh;a fou< fi,a,smsj, i`oykaj
;sfí' kdkdfoaiS" j,[a[shd¾" whskakqrej¾ hkq
bka lsysmhls' kdkdfoaiS fjf<`o ixúOdkhg
wh;a f,day uqødjla yïnkaf;dáka fidhd f.k
;sfí'
wkqrdOmqr hq.fha uq,a ld,fha furg ie,lsh
hq;= m%udKhla úfoaYsl fjf<`ÿka isá njg
idlaIs ;sfí' ol=Kq m<df;a msysá fndaj;af;a.,
kï ia:dkfha we;s fi,a,smshl zlfndc uy
mq.shZ hk fhÿu olakg ;sfí' tys i`oyka
jkafka ldïfndacjrekaf.a uyd fjf<`o
ixúOdkhla .ek hs' ldïfndacjre hkq ta
ld,fha we*a>ksia:dkh m%foaYfhka fuys meñKs
fjf<`o msßils'
w;S;fha isgu wka;¾cd;sl fjf<`o lghq;=j,
§ wfma rg jeo.;a jev fldgila bgq lf<ah'
Bg n,mE tla m%Odk fya;=jla jQfha Y%%S ,xldj
bka§h id.rfha uOH.;j msysgd ;sîu hs' fmr
wmr foÈ. fjf<|dfï yqjudre uOHia:dkhla
f,i merKs ldලfha § Y%S ,xldj bgq l< ld¾h
Ndrh iq`M fldg ;elsh fkdyels h'
wkqrdOmqrh k.rhla f,i j¾Okh ùug
;=vq ÿka tla ksYaÑ; m%Odk idOlhla jQfha o
wka;¾cd;sl fjf<`odu hs' ngysßka udf;dg
jrdh o kef.kysßka f.dalKaK;s;a: kñka
tl, ye`ÈkajQ j¾;udk ;%sl=Kdu,h jrdh o
msysáfhah' Bg wu;rj ngysr fjrf<a fuka
u kef.kysr fjrf<a msysá l=vd jrdhj,
l%shdldÍ;ajh o wkqrdOmqrfha kd.ßl ke.Sug
iDcq n,mEula we;s lf<ah' W;=re fjrf<a
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
msysá cïnqflda,mÜgk kï l=vd jrdfhka Y%S
uyd fndaëkajykafia /f.k tau o" kef.kysr
fjrf<a msysá ,xldmÜgk kñka ye`Èkafjk l=vd
kex.=rï f;dáka Y%S oka;Od;=j /f.k fyauud,d
iy oka; l=ureka furgg meñKsu o Bg ksoiqka
h'
.=rejre - .=re jD;a;sh o mqrdK ld,fha Y%S ,xldfõ
mej;s ;j;a tla jD;a;shls' .=rejre ye`Èkaùug
merKs f,aLkj, fhdod ;sfnkafka wdpd¾h hk
moh hs' Ys,am b.ekajQ mqoa.,hska muKla fkdj
Ys,am Ydia;%j, ksmqKj isá mqoa.,hska o wdpd¾h
hk kñka ye`ÈkaúKs' fuu wdpd¾hjre úúO
Ys,amj, iu;alï ±lajQy' ta w;r we;=ka yS,E
lsÍu b.ekajQ .=rejre ^yia;s wdpd¾h&" wYajhska
msg hdu mqreÿ l< .=rejre ^wYaj wdpd¾h&" iy
ÿkafkka ú§u mqyqKq l< .=rejre ^ÿkq wdpd¾h&
.ek f;dr;=re fi,a,smsj, i`oyka h'
ffjoH jD;a;sh - iudchla fyd`Èka mj;ajd f.k
hdug kï Bg wh;a jeishka ksfrda.sj isàu
w;HjYH h' ta i`oyd ffjoHjrekaf.a fiajh b;d
jeo.;a fõ' wkqrdOmqr hq.fha uq,a wjêfha furg
iudch ffjoH jD;a;sh uy;a by<ska ms<sf.k
;sfí' ffjoHjreka ye`Èkaùug fi,a,smsj, fhdod
;sfnkafka fjc hk moh hs' ls%ia;= j¾Ifhka
kujk ishjfia § we;eï ffjoHjre uyfjokd
kñka y`ÿkajd § ;sfí' tjeks jHjydrhla Ndú;
lrk ,oafoa m%Odk ffjoHjrhd fyda Y,H
ffjoHjre ye`Èkaùug h'
kS;súYdrofhda- óg wjqreÿ 2000 lg muK fmr
mej;s kS;sh iïnkaOfhka yi, ±kqula ;snQ
jD;a;slfhda úiQy' fnfyda úg Tjqka hqla;sh
mis`o,Sug rcq g wjYH lrk Wmfoia §ug lghq;=
l< nj fmfka' kS;sh .ek o;a tjeks mqoa.,hska
y`ÿkajk ,oafoa zfjdydrZ hk kñks' th ixialD;
NdIdjg wh;a jHjydr hk jpkfhka ilia
jQjls' ;;ald,Sk iudcfha hqla;s.rel hym;a foa
hehs iïu; jHjydr iïnkaOfhka m%ùK;ajhla
fuu mqoa.,hskag ysñj ;sìKs'
úúO Ys,amSka - fklúO l¾udka;j, iy
l,d;aul jD;a;Skaj, fhÿKq mqoa.,fhdaa merKs
ld,fha furg iudcfha cSj;a jQy' l,dlrejka
53
w;r keÜgqjka" Ñ;% w`Èkakka iy lúhka ms<sn`o
f;dr;=re uQ,dY%hj, i`oyka fõ' l=reKE.,
Èia;%slalhg wh;a ueo.u msysá mqrdK úydrhl
óg wjqreÿ 2200 lg muK by; § fldgjk ,o
fi,a,smshl ;siai kñka ye`ÈkajQ keÜgqfjl= .ek
i`oyka fõ' fuu keÜgqjdf.a ìß`o mreuljßhla
f,i y`ÿkajd § ;sîu fuys § jeo.;a lreKls'
fuhska wmg meyeÈ,s jkafka keàfï jD;a;sh
iudcfha jeo.;a ;ekl ,d tl, i,ld ;sfnk
nj hs' is;a;reka ye`Èkaùu i`oyd zÑ;lrZ
hk moh;a z,mkZ hk moh;a Ndú; lr we;'
m<uqjk jpkh Ñ;%ldr hk mofhka o fojk
jpkh f,amk hk jpkfhka ilia ù ;sfí'
ixialD; NdIdfõ f,amk hk moh Ndú;
jkafka wdf,amkh hk f;areu §u i`oyd h'
j¾K wdf,am lsÍfuka Ñ;% ks¾udKh jk ksid
is;a;rejka ye`Èkaùug f,amk hk moh fhdod
;sfí' yïnkaf;dg Èia;%slalhg wh;a keÜgqlkao
kñka ye`Èkafjk ia:dkfha ;sfnk fi,a,smshl
,mk ;siai kue;af;l= .ek i`oyka fõ'
wfma rfÜ b;d Wiia ks¾udKYS,s;ajhlska hq;a
lúfhda isáh y' Tjqka ye`Èkaùug zlúZ hk
is;=ju wxl 4'2 nqÿoyu furgg y`ÿkajdÿka uq,a ld,fha mgka NslaIqka jykafia,d jev jdih lf<a Wmdil Wmdisldjka
úiska mQcd lrk ,o .,a.=yd wdrduj, h' mkai,a iy úydrdrdu bÈjQfha uola miq ld,hl § h'
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
moh u fhdod ;sfí' by;ska i`oyka l< ,mk
;siaif.a mq;%hd tu ,smsfha u y`ÿkajd § ;sfnkafka
lúfhl= f,i h' Tyqf.a ku ixch hs'
4'3 ixialD;sh
4'3'1 wd.u
ls%ia;= mQ¾j f;jk ishjfia § ñys`ÿ uyry;ka
jykafia fuys jevu fldg nqÿoyu foaYkd
lsÍfï mgka wkdÈu;a ld,hla ;siafia wLKavj
nqÿoyu furg m%Odk wd.u f,i mej;sKs' Bg
wu;rj miq ld,j, yskaÿ wd.ñl woyia iudch
;=< me;sr .sfha úfYaIfhka bkaÈhdkq iïNjhla
we;s fjf<`ÿka iy fjk;a msßia tys isg furgg
meñKsu ksid h' ls;=oyu iy bia,dï O¾uh
Y%S ,xldjg y`ÿkajd fokq ,enqfõ nqÿoyu
me;sÍ hdug idfmalaIj b;sydifha b;d uE;
ld,jljdkqjl § h' ta jkdys l%sia;= j¾Ifhka
yhjk ishjiska miq uOHOrKS m%foaYh iy
l%sia;= j¾Ifhka oyihjk ishjiska miq ngysr
rgj,a flakaø lr .;a fjf<`odu fmrÈ. rgj,
me;sÍ hdfï tla m%;sM,hla f,isks'
54

PdhdrEmh wxl 4'3 ñysÿ ysñhka furgg jevu l< ld,fha u fn!oaO iajdóka
jykafia,d fj; ie±ye;a odhl odhsldjka úiska fujeks iajdNdúl .,a.=yd mQcd
lrk ,§' lgdrï fldgd ilia lrk ,o fujeks we;eï .,a.=ydj, tu .,a.=ydj
mQcd l< whf.a kï .ï ±lafjk fi,a,smshla o fldgd ;sfí'
ñys`ÿ uyry;kajykafia m%uqL wkq.dñlhska
lKavdhu furgg jevu lrùfuka miq fkdfnda
l,lska nqÿoyu iy Bg ;okqnoaO mqomQcd
ms<sfj;a furg iudch ;=< YS>%fhka me;sr .sfha
h' Èfkka Èk ixLHd;aul jYfhka mq`M,a jk
ix> iudchg jev jdih lsÍug iqÿiq wdrdu
fkdue;s jQfhka iajdNdúl .,a.=yd msßisÿ fldg
tajd Wkajykafia,d fj; mQcd lsÍug lghq;=
flßKs' ±kg fidhd f.k we;s mßÈ NslaIqka
jykafia,dg mQcd lrk ,o tjeks .,a.=yd 1600
lg jeä m%udKhla rfÜ úúO m<d;aj, olakg
;sfí'
iqÿiq .,a.=ydjla f;dardf.k m<uqj th msßisÿ
lr" jeis ld,j, § mshiai Èf.a .=ydj ;=<g
c,h .,d tau je<elaùug lgdrula fldgd miqj
tu .=ydj NslaIqka jykafia fj; i`.i;= fldg
mQcd flßKs' we;eï .,a.=ydj, lgdrug háka
tu .,a.=ydj mQcd l< whf.a úia;r fldgd
;sfnkq ±lsh yels h' ta ld,fha ta i`oyd Ndú;
lrk ,oafoa n%dyaó wlaIr hs' tu fi,a,sms ,shd
;sfnkafka isxy, m%dlD; kñka ye`Èkafjk
merKs isxy, NdIdfjks' mdi,a pdßldjg iyNd.s
jk Tng ñyska;f,a" ßá.," fjiai.sßh" iS.sßh
wdÈ ;ekaj, ;sfnk lgdrï iy fi,a,sms fldgk
,o tjeks .,a.=yd keröug wjia:djla ,efnkq
we;' fuys my; olajd ;sfnkafka ñyska;,fha
tla .,a.=ydjl tfia fldgd we;s fi,a,smshls'
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
fi,a,smsh - mreul .=; mq;
mreul iquky f,fK w.;
wk.; p;=ÈY i.i
f;areu - m%Odksfhl= jQ .=ma;f.a
mq;%hd jk m%Odks iquk úiska
^fuu .=ydj& fuys wdjd jQ o
fkd wdjd jQ o i;r ÈYdfõ
ix>hdg ^mQcd lrk ,§&'
.=ydúydr yereKq úg
zmKaKid,dZ kñka ye`Èka jQ
f.dvke.s,s úfYaIhla .ek
uQ,dY%hj, i`oyka h' thska
woyia lrkafka NslaIqka
jykafia,dg jdih lsÍug mka" b¨la wdÈ foa
fiú,s fldg idok ,o jßÉÑ ksjdi hs' l`M.,a
iy .fvd`M Ndú;fhka úydrdrdu bÈlsÍug
fmr NslaIqka jykafia,d jev jdih lf<a
tjeks ;ekaj, h' j¾;udkfha fn!oaO úydr
ye`Èkaùug wm úiska Ndú; lrk zmkai,Z hk
jpkh iE§ ;sfnkafka fuu zmKaKid,dZ hk
jpkh fjkia ùfuks'
merKs fn!oaO wdrduj, NslaIQka jykafia,d
lsysm fofkl= jdih l<y' kdhl iajdóka
jykafia hgf;a jev jdih l< NslaIQka
jykafia,d y`ÿkajk ,oafoa zwkaf;ajdislZ
NslaIQka f,i h' wkqrdOmqr Èia;%slalhg wh;a
uywe,.uqfõ ;sfnk .,a.=ydjl fldgd we;s
,smshl ;siairlaÅ; kï jQ f;rekaf.a wf;jisl
mqiai kue;afl;= .ek i`oyka h' ta ld,fha
kdhl iajdóka jykafia,d y`ÿkajk ,oafoa zf:rZ
hk kñks' tfia y`ÿkajk ,o kdhl f;reka
jykafia,d iómfha úiQ YsIH NslaIqka jykafia,d
fi,amsj, kï lr ;sfnkafka ziÈúyßhZ hk
jpkfhks' tys woyi ioaê úydßl hkak hs' tu
mofha f;areu ziómfha jdih lrkakdZ hkq hs'
j<.ïnd rcqf.a md,k iufha § ;%smsglh
.%ka:drEV lrk f;la O¾uh /l f.k meñKsfha
u;l ;nd .ekSfuks' O¾uh b;d mq`M,a neúka
bka fldgi ne.ska u;lfha ;nd .;a NslaIqka
55
jykafia,d isáhy' tjekakka y`ÿkajk ,oafoa
zNdKljreZ hk kñks' O¾uhg wh;a ta ta
msgl u;lfha ;nd .;a NslaIQka jykafia,d
wod< msglfha kñka ye`ÈkaúKs' ksoiqkla f,i
§> ksldh u;l ;nd .;a NslaIQka jykafia,d
§>NdKl kñka o ixhqla; ksldh u;l ;nd
.;a NslaIQka jykafia,d ixhqla;NdKl kñka o
ye`Èkaùh'

NslaIqka jykafia,dg jia jeiSug wdrdOkd lsÍu

iy lÀk W;aij mej;aùu tl, fn!oaO ck;dj
w;r mej;s f.!rjkSh isß;ls' l=reKE.,
Èia;%slalhg wh;a ye,U., kñka ye`Èkafjk
ia:dkfha ;sfnk fi,a,smshl zjijislZ hk
moh fh§ ;sfí' tys f;areu jiaidjdisl fyj;a
jia jik ,o hkak hs' tu Èia;%slalhg u wh;a
fld;,lSôhdfõ ;sfnk ;j;a fi,a,smshl
zjijisl iyGlZ hk fhÿu olakg we;'
jiaidjdisl idgl hk fomoh isxy, m%dlD;
NdIdfjka ,shd ;sfnkafka tf,i h' bka woyia
lrkafka lÀk Öjrh hs' W;a;sh kï jQ f;reka PdhdrEmh wxl 4'5 wrdì cd;slhskag wh;a merKs
jykafia flfkl=f.a {d;Ska úiska lÀk Öjrhla fidfydka.,l fldgd ;sfnk fi,a,smshla' tys ±lafjkafka
lshq*sla wrdì wlaIrj,ska ,shQ ,smshls'
mQcd l< nj tys lshd ;sfí' fuu fi,a,sms fol
u óg wjqreÿ 2200 lg by; ld,hlg wh;a h' Ysj ,sx. msysgqjd ;snQ ;eka nj fmkajd fohs'
Ysj foúhka fjkqfjka lrk tu mQcdj yskaÿ
4'3'2 fjk;a wd.ï Nla;slhka w;r m%p,s; h' ol=Kq bkaÈhdj Y%S
,xldjg iómj msysgd ;sîu;a forg w;r fjf<`o
nqÿoyu furg iudcfha uq,anei .;a wjêfha in`o;d wLKavj mej;Su;a fya;=fjka yskaÿ
wkqrdOmqr k.rh iy tys wjg n%dyauK ck wd.ñl woyia furgg .,d wdfõ h' fjf<`odu
lKavdhï jdih l< njg idlaIs ;sfí' Tjqyq i`oyd Y%S ,xldjg meñKs fou< cd;sl fjf<`ÿka
yskaÿ Nla;slfhda h' uydjixfha i`oykajk .ek furg merKs;u fi,a,smsj, i`oyka h'
fid;aÓid,d kñka tl, ye`ÈkajQ f.dvke.s,s tu f,aLkj, Tjqka y`ÿkajd ;sfnkafka zofuvZ
úfYaIh .ek úia;r lrk uydjxiàldj hk kñks' ta øúv hk jpkh isxy, m%dlD;
n%dyauKhska wd.ñl lghq;= lrk ;eka o tfia NdIdfjka ,shQ wdldrh hs' ls%ia;= j¾Ifhka
y`ÿkajk ,o nj lshhs' y;ajk ishji jk úg furg m%Odk jrdhka
tfuka u isúldid,d wdY%s;j ie,lsh hq;= ;rfï fou< m%cdjla jdih
hk jpkh úia;r l< y' udf;dg jrdhg iómj bÈ fldg ;sfnk
lrk tu lD;sh bka ;srefla;SYajrï yskaÿ fldaú,;a ;%sl=Kdu,fha
woyia lrk ,oafoa msysá merKs f.dalKaK;s;a: jrdhg iómj bÈ
lr ;sfnk fldafKaYajrï fldaú,;a ta ld,fha
tys úiQ fou< ck;djf.a jkaokdudkhg ,la
PdhdrEmh wxl 4'4
wkqrdOmqrfhka fidhd jQ ;eka h'
f.k ;sfnk .,alKqjl
igyka l< l=reihla'
fuh mD;=.SiSka furgg
meñKSfuka miq ld,hg
wh;a jQjls'

56
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
 úiQ m¾ishdkq cd;sl fjf<`ÿka
lKavdhula .ek i`oyka lr ;sfí'

wkqrdOmqrfhka fidhd .kakd ,o

fkiafgdaßhdkq l=reih igyka
lrk ,o .,a mqjrej mD;=.Sis
cd;slhska furgg meñKs miq ksu
l< tlla nj úoaj;=kaf.a u;h hs'

l%sia;= j¾Ifhka kujk ishjiska

miqld,fha bia,dï wd.ug wh;a
woyia Y%S ,xldfõ mej;s nj
fmkaùug idlaIs ;sfí' ±kg
fidhd f.k ;sfnk merKs;u
wrdì N+f.da, úoHd .%ka:h jQ ls;í-
w,a-uia,slajd,a-uud,sla lD;sfha
zirkaäíZ hkqfjka Y%S ,xldj
PdhdrEmh wxl 4'6 fmdf<dkakrefõ msysá merKs Ysjfoajd,hla .ek i`oyka lr ;sfí' irkaäí
hkq isxy,oaùm hk jpkh wrdì
l=reihla igyka l< merKs .,a mqjrejla cd;slhska úiska WÉpdrKh l<
wkqrdOmqrfhka fidhd f.k ;sfí' tu wdldrh hs' fuu lD;sh rpkd lrk ,oafoa l%sia;=
l=reih wh;a jkafka lf;da,sl ksldhla jQ j¾I 845 § fyda ta wdikak ld,hl § h' wrdìh;a
fkiafgdaßhdkqjkag h' miqlf,l m¾ishdj Y%S ,xldj;a w;r merKs ld,hl mgka b;d
flakaø fldg f.k j¾Okh jQ fkiafgdaßhdkq iqyo in`o;djla f.dv kef.ñka ;sìKs' yqfola
ksldhg wh;a woyia ;sfnk fjf<kafoda u th fjf<`o in`o;dj, iajrEmh blaujQjls'
fjf<`o ud¾. yryd Y%S ,xldjg o meñKsfhda h' bia,dï wd.ñl kdhl Y=oaO jQ uqyïu;a;=uka
ls%ia;= j¾I miajk ishjig wh;a foaYdglfhl= cSjudk ld,fha Wkajykafiaf.a O¾uh l=ula ±
jQ fldiafudia bkaäfldmaf,agia wkqrdOmqrfha hs iel yer ±k .kq msKsi
irkaäíys lKavdhula
wrdìhg meñKs nj bíka
Yyaßh¾ kue;af;l= úiska
l%sia;= j¾Ifhka 953 §
rpkd lrk ,o wcdhsí-
w,a-yskaoa kï lD;sfha
i`oyka lr ;sfí' ne.avEâ
k.rh flakaø fldg f.k

PdhdrEmh wxl 4'7 iS.sß legm;a

mjqf¾ ,shd we;s l=regq .Shla'
fuys wlaIr l%sia;= j¾I wgjk
fyda kujk ishjig wh;ah' th
wdrïN jkafka zfldKK;,añ
,SñZ hk fomofhks' tys wre;
uu fldKK;,a fjñ' ud úiska
fuh ,shk ,§ hkak hs'

57
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
PdhdrEmh wxl 4'8 iS.srs m¾j; fnhfo is;=jï lr we;s iS.sß wmairdfjda' fuh l%sia;= j¾Ifhka miajk Y;j¾Ifha §
Y%S ,xldfõ mej;s rdciNd l,dfõ iajNdjh fmkakqï lrhs' fï Ñ;%j,ska ±lafjkafka úcacq,;djka iy fï>,;djka nj
úoaj;=kaf.a woyi hs' bka úÿ,sh iy jeis j,dl=`M ksrEms; h'

wíndiSoajrekaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka wdrïN jQ uqia,sï iy ksudfõ iudklï foi wjOdkh fhduq

jdKsc wdêm;Hh ls%ia;= j¾I 751---1258 w;r ld,h
;=< § wdishdfõ me;sr .sfha h' wka;¾cd;sl
fjf<`o lghq;= fyd`Èka mj;ajd f.k hdu wjYH
jQ fyhska Y%S ,xldfõ md,lhka ta i`oyd ksYaÑ;
l%shd ud¾. .;a nj l%sia;= j¾I kjjk ishjfia
cSj;a jQ w,a-n,iQß kï wrdì cd;sl b;sydi{hd
i`oyka lr ;sfí'
4'3'3 wOHdmkh
±kqu ,nd .ekSu iy oekqu m;< lsÍug wod<
jk ixúOdkd;aul l%ufõohla b;d mqrdK
ld,hl isg furg mej;sKs' uq,a wjia:dfõ §
mrïmrdfjka mrïmrdjg ta ±kqu yqjudre jQfha
wNHdi lsÍu iy wid ±k .ekSu u.ska nj fmfka'
óg wjqreÿ 4400 lg by; ld,jljdkqjl§
mgka ;eka lsysmhl bÈ lrk ,o ueá Tre
fidfydka" tajd ;=< NIaudjfYaI ;ekam;a l<
ueá NdKav wdÈ foaj, olakg ;sfnk ffY,sfha
lrk úg tajd ksmoùug wod< ;dlaIKh ms<sn`o
±kqu ixúOdkd;aulj ilia ù ;snqKq nj iaÓrj
fmfka'
fuu mdvfï by; wjia:djl § i`oyka l<
wkaoug wfma rfÜ merKs;u fi,a,smsj, wpßh
hk mofhka y`ÿkajk ,o msßi .=rejreka h' ta
.=rejre úiska W.kajk ,o foa ms<sn`oj Tjqka
y`ÿkajd § we;s ;ekaj, u i`oyka h' we;euqka
Okq wpßh hkqfjka o ;j;a wh y;s wpßh iy
wi wpßh hkqfjka o y`ÿkajd § ;sfí' Tjqka
ms<sfj<ska ÿkq ú§fï Ys,amh" we;=ka yeisrùu iy
wYajhska yeisrùu ms<sn`o Ys,am b.ekajQ .=rejreka
h'
nqÿoyu furg iudcfha uq,anei .ekSfuka
wk;=rej m%Odk wOHdmk uOHia:dk njg m;a
jQfha fn!oaO úydrdrdu hs' tajdfha jev úiq úh;a
NslaIqka jykafia,d isxy," md,s" ixialD;" m%dlD;

58
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
wdÈ NdIdj, muKla fkdj nqÿoyu ms<sn`oj
o yi, ±kqulska hq;= úh' mqrdK ld,hl isg
furg uq,a fmf,a ග=rejreka f,i lghq;= lf<a
Wkajykafia,d hs'
merKs ld,fha § wkqrdOmqrfha mej;s uydúydrh
iy wNh.sßh hk fn!oaO uOHia:dk wd.ñl
ia:dk fukau wOHdmk wdh;k f,i o
ls%hd;aul úh' úfoaYsl NslaIqka jykafia,d mjd
fuu wdh;kj, bf.k .ekSug jevu l<y'
;%smsgl O¾uhg jeä úia;r iys; wgqjd rpkd
l< nqoaOf>daI ysñ tf,i uydúydrfha wOHhk
lghq;= l< úfoaYsl NslaIQka jykafia kuls'
wOHdmkh ,nd§u;a wOHdmkh ,nd .ekSu;a
iïnkaOfhka wfma merKS iudch ;=< mej;sfha
f.!rjKSh ye`.Suls' f,dafldamldrfha i`oyka
jk my; i`oyka lúh Bg lÈu ksoiqkls'
rE isß fhdjqka .=K- keK ish,af,ka fkd wvq
ù uq;a
fkd of;d;a is,am i; - iqj`o ke;s lE, u, iu
fõ
tu lúfhka lshfjkafka hfula rEmfhka"
fh!jk .=Kfhka iy {dkfhka hqla; jqj;a Tyq
fyda weh hï Ys,am Ydia;%hla fkdokafka kï
iqj`o fkdue;s lE, u,lg iudk jk njhs'
4'3'4 idys;Hh iy ridiajdoh
lúfhl= úiska óg jir 2000 lg muK by;
,shk ,o lúhla lsßkao mkaif,a ;sfnk .,a
m¾j;hl fldgd ;sfí' th ßoauhlg lsheúh
yels ksi`±iaa lúhls' ta lúh;a tys isxy,
mßj¾;kh;a my; ±lafjk mßÈ h'
.f,a ,shd we;s lúh
wmßñf; f,dlys - nqO ifu k;s
w:dk mru ÿ,fn - ijkqf; mf;
wkq;fr if; - uy irfK
f,dlpl nqO ku ihnq - fu.,ys úyf¾
kl Wjrc ku - nqO irK .f;
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
ñpÈál ìÈh - hyu. mrhk N=f;
tys mßj¾;kh
wmßñ; fuf,dj - nqÿka iu irKla ke;
t ysñ ieu;ekh - t iu jkq ÿ,n fohls
uyd irKls - lsisjl=g fkdfofjks
;udu ish,a o;a tysñ - f,djgu weils
ñiosgqlu w;er - hyu. hkq ßisj
fï .f,a úydfrÈ - nqÿirK je<`o .;s kd.
Wmrc f;u
wkqrdOmqr hq.fha rpkd jQ lú 600 lg wdikak
m%udKhla iS.sßfha legm;a mjqf¾ wo;a olskakg
;sfí' ta lúj, wdiajdockl .=Kh b;d by< h'
mqrdK ld,fha wfma rfÜ úiQ lúfhda nqÿoyñka
,o yslaóu;a iajNdjO¾uh iu`. ksrka;rfhka
lghq;= lsÍfuka ,nd .;a w;a±lSu;a mokï fldg
f.k ldjHlrKfha ksr; jQy' tfyhska f,dalfha
mj;sk wks;H;dj fndfyda lúj,g f;audj ù
;sfí' wkqrdOmqr wNh.sß úydr N+ñfhka fidhd
f.k ;sfnk" l%sia;= j¾Ifhka kujk ishjig
wh;a fi,a,smshl tjeks is;a.kakd iq¨ lúhla
,shd ;sfí' tu lúfha fhdod ;sfnk Wmud wdÈh
b;du;a ixfõ§ ishqï fi!kao¾hd;aul ye`.Sula
wikakd ;=< cks; lrùug iu;a h' cSú;h
,eõ.skaklg yiq jQ jrd u,la fia wiaÓr he hs
tys lshd ;sfí'
my; ±lafjk iS.sß l=regq .Sh lshjd tys
f;areu jgyd f.k ridiajdoh lsÍfuka merKs
Y%S ,dxlslhskaf.a fi!kao¾hd;aul is;sú,s
fln`ÿ ± hs Tng myiqfjka jgyd .; yels jkq
we;'
úcq rlafnda meúcacka ,S fu .S
fkf,ka ù msßm;
k<, flfy msáys yqK
u,ou .eke úisr
ìhm;a je wm fnh`o ke.sfh
59
mßj¾;kh
jcar w.a.fndaê mැúoaod úiska
,shQ .Sh hs
fï m¾j;h k.sk úg
iq<`.ska wmg ndOd we;s úh
k<f,ys jq fliafrdo
iq<Õ ksid msgg jeáKs
f.f,ys me<`o isá u,aud,h o úisr .sfhah
wms bka ìhg m;a jQfhuq'
§¾>ld,Skj f.dú;eka lghq;=j,;a i;a;aj
md,kfha;a fh§ isàu ksid wfma uq;=kañ;a;kag
iajNdj O¾uh iu. iómj lghq;= lsÍfï
wjia:dj Wod úh' tfyhska iajNdj O¾ufha
;sfnk iqkaor nj;a wks;H nj;a hk ,laIK
fol ms<sn`o ir, tfy;a .eUqre jegySula Tjqka
i;=j ;sìKs' nqÿoyfï b.ekaùï ksid ta woyia
;jÿrg;a ÈhqKq ùfuka Wiia ksrdñI .=Kfhka
hq;a ri{;djla merKs iudch ;=< j¾Okh úh'
4'3'5 jd¾.sl iycSjkh
b;du;a wE; ld,hl isg wfma rfÜ k.rj,
úúO ixialD;Skag wh;a ck;dj jdih l<
njg idlaIs ;sfí' fï rfÜ cSj;a jQ iajfoaYsl
isxy, ck;dj yereKq úg fjf<`odug fuys
meñKs fjk;a wd.ï weoyQ fjk;a ixialD;Skag
wh;a ck lKavdhï kd.ßl m%cdj w;r isá
nj fi,a,sms uÕska fmkajd fohs' ta w;r ol=Kq
bkaÈhdfjka fuys meñKs fou< fjf<kafodaa"
.%Sla iy ueisfvdakshka m%foaYj,ska meñKS
wfhdakshkajre" we*a>ksia:dka m%foaYfhka meñKs
ldïfndacjre" u,hdkq w¾Ooaùmfhka meñKs
cdjljre ta w;r jQy'
tlS cd;Ska w;r fldmuK úúO;ajhla mej;sh
o ljr wjia:djl§j;a Tjqka tlsfkld iu.
l,flda,dy, lr .ekSug W;aidy ord ke;'
nqoaOYdikfha meúÈj isá fou< cd;sl NslaIQka
jykafia flfkl= .ek i`oykla wkqrdOmqrfha
wNh.sß úydrfhka fidhd .kakd ,o fi,a,smshl
i`oyka h' tu fi,a,smsh l%sia;= mQ¾j 250 § muK
rpkd lrk ,oaols' wkH cd;Ska foi iel uqiq
f,i olskakg mqrdK ld,fha furg jeishka
mqreÿ ù isáfha ke;' ta fjkqjg wkHcd;Ska
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
iuÕ iqyo f,i cSj;a ùug Tjqyq lghq;= l<
y' fou< cd;sl mqreIfhl= iuÕ újdy jQ isxy,
ldka;djla .ek wïmdr Èia;%slalfhka fidhd
.kakd ,o b;d merKs fi,a,smshl i`oykaj
;sfí' merKs ld,fha fou< cd;sl mjq,a lsysmhla
mÈxÑj isá ùÈhla wkqrdOmqrfhka fidhd .ekSug
o mqrdúoHd{fhda iu;a jQy'
bkaÈhdkq id.rh wjg l,dmfha msysá fkdfhla
rgj,ska meñKs fjf<`o ckhd Y%S ,xldfõ merKs
k.rj, jdih l<y' tfia jqj o ta w;ßka
jeäukla msßila meñKsfha ol=Kq bkaÈhdfjka
nj fmfka' l%sia;= j¾Ifhka kujk ishji jk
úg furg rdciNdfõ zfou< wêldÍZ kñka
ye`ÈkajQ úfYaI ;k;=rla ;sìKs' Tyqf.a ld¾hh
jQfha wkqrdOmqrh iy ta wjg jdih l< fou<
ckhdf.a iqNidOk lghq;= fidhd ne,Su úh
hq;= h' fofu<a wêldÍ md`äroa kue;af;l=
ms<sn`o fld<U cd;sl fl!;=ld.drfha ;sfnk
y;rjk ldYHm rc;=udf.a fi,a,smshl i`oyka
fõ' fjf<`ÿka yereKq úg fï fou< m%cdj w;r
jeäfofkla wfma rfÜ hqo yuqodfõ fiajh l<
l=,S Ngfhda fj;s' tf,i ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq l=,S
fyajdhskaf.a iyh me;+ merKs;u Y%S ,dxlsl
md,lhska kï b<kd. rcq ^l%s'j 33-43& iy
wNhkd. rcq h' ^l%s'j 231-240&' flar, foaYfhka
meñKs Tjqka y`ÿkajk ,oafoa zw.ïmä fiakdjZ
hkqfjks' m<uqjk úchndyq rc;=ud o<od
ud,s.fha wdrlaIdj fõ,hslaldr yuqodjlg Ndr
lrk ,o nj Ys,d,smsj, ±lafõ' fõ,hslaldr
hkq flar<fhka fuys meñKs w.ïmä msßils'
l%sia;= j¾Ifhka tfldf<diajk iy fodf<diajk
ishjiaj, § furg fjf<`o lghq;=j,g
iyNd.sj isá zkdkdfoaiSkaZ hkqfjka y`ÿkajk ,o
fjf<`o lKavdhu ol=Kq bkaÈhdkq iïNjhlska
hq;a msßils' Tjqkag wh;aj ;snQ f,dalv uqødjla
yïnkaf;dáka fidhd f.k ;sfí' kdkdfoaiSka
hkqfjka y`ÿkajk ,o ta fjf<`o msßig wh;a
f¾.= uqrm<la .ek i`oyka jk ,S,dj;S /cskf.a
ld,fha ,shjk ,o fi,a,smshla wkqrdOmqrfhka
fidhd f.k ;sfí' fuu msßia b;d iduldó
f,i ;u jevlghq;= lrf.k .sh nj;a Tjqkaf.a
wdrlaIdj iy iqNidOkhg tjl md,lhskaf.ka
fkdu`o iyhla ,enqKq nj o ft;sydisl jd¾;d
wkqj fmfka'
fou< cd;slhska iuÕ muKla fkdj bia,ාï
wd.u woyk wrdì cd;slhska iuÕ o b;d iqyo j
60
jev lghq;= lrf.k hdug wfma rfÜ jeisfhda
mqreÿ ù isáh y' nqÿka jykafiaf.a iam¾Yfhka
mQcdjg ,la jQ Y%S mdoh furg fn!oaO jeishkaf.a
mQckSh uqÿkau,a lvls' l%sia;= j¾Ifhka kujk
ishjfia mgka iuk, lkao uqia,sï ne;su;=kaf.a
o jkaokdjg ,la jQfha th zwdoïf.a lkaoZ hk
úYajdih mokï fldg f.k h' l%sia;= j¾Ifhka
850 § iqf,hsudka kue;s foaY .fõIlhl=
fuka u fjf<kafol= jQ ;eke;af;l= Y%S mdoh
jkaokd lsÍug meñKs nj i`oyka h' ta lsisÿ
;eke;af;l=g furg jeishkaf.ka fyda rcfhka
lsisÿ ndOdjla we;s fkdúKs'
merKs ld,fha úiq furg md,lhska fuka
u rgjeishd o ksrka;rfhka l,amkd lrk
,oafoa rfÜ ÈhqKqj fjkqfjka ish¨ fokd iuÕ
iycSjkfhka lghq;= l< yelafla flfia o hk
ldrKh hs' rfÜ tlai;a nj iy fn!oaOd.fï
ÑriaÓ;sh wdrlaIdj fj; wNsfhda. t,a, fkdjk
iEu wjia:djl § u ta iycSjkh fyd`Èka wdrlaId
ù mej;sKs' wkH cd;Ska iy wkH wd.ï bjid
ord .ekSug furg jdih l< isxy, fn!oaO
ck;dj iEu wjia:djl u l%shd l< wdldrh
iEu ld,hlg u wdo¾Yj;a nj ks;r isys l<
hq;= h'
l%shdldrlu 1
Y%S ,xldfõ mer‚ iudcfha md,k
ixúOdkh" wd.u" idys;H hk lafIa;%
we;=<;a jk mrsos mqj;am;lg ,smshla
ilia lrkak'
l%shdldrlu 2
Y%S ,xldfõ mer‚ iudch weiqßka flá
m%Yak yd ms<s;=re fmd;la ilia lrkak'
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'
jeo.;a lreKq
1' mqrdK ld,fha Y%S ,xldfõ md,k lghq;=
úOdhlh" jHjia:dodhlh iy wêlrKh
hkqfjka wdh;k ;=kla uÕska l%shd;aul úh'
rcq iy rcq fjkqfjka l%shd l< rcfha ks,OdÍka
úOdhlhg wh;a jQ w;r rdc iNdj idlÉPd
ud¾.fhka ;SrK .;af;ah'
2' l,d;=rlska wjia:djl yereKq úg wka iEu
wjia:djl § u wfma merKs md,lfhda kuHYS,S
úfoaY m%;sm;a;shla wkq.ukh l<y'
3' wfma merKs iudcfha úúO jD;a;Skays
kshe`MKqq mqoa.,fhda cSj;a jQy' iudch jvd;a
ld¾hlaIu lsÍug;a tu.ska jeishkaf.a cSú;h
jvd;a myiq lrùug;a Tjqka iEufofklau
iudchg uy;a fufyjrla bgq lf<da h'
4' b;d mqrdK ld,hl isg f.dú;ek iy
mY=md,kh furg nyq;r jeishkaf.a m%Odk
cSjfkdamdh ud¾.h f,i mej;sKS'
5' merKs Y%S ,dxlslfhda b;d Wiia uÜgfï
l,d;aul fi!kao¾hhla iy idys;H
ridiajdohla flfrys keUqrejla ;sfnk msßila
f,i lghq;= l<y' Tjqkaf.a ks¾udK l=i,;dj
iy m%;sNd {dkh b;d by, uÜgul mej;s nj
ikd: lr fmkaùug idlaIs ;sfí'
6' merKs ld,fha furg mej;s nqÿoyu
.eUqre o¾Ykhla f,i fuka u uyckhdf.a
Nla;sh iy Y%oaOdj ms<sìUq lrk fkdfhl=;a
l%shdldrlïj,ska o hqla;j mej;sKs' tl,
fn!oaO iajdóka jykafia,d iy uyck;dj
w;r b;d ióm iqyo f.!rjdkaú; in`o;djla
mej;sKs'
7' nqÿoyu yereKq úg ld,fhka ld,hg fjk;a
wd.ñl woyia o furg iudch ;=< me;sÍ .sfhah'
Y%S ,xldj ¥m;la ùu;a b;d wE; ld,hl isg
bkaÈhdkq id.rfha fjf<`o lghq;=j,g il%Sh
f,i iyNd.s ùu;a hk lreKq mokï fldg
f.k fjk;a wd.ñl woyia furg jHdma; úh'
8' wkH ixialD;Skag wh;a ck lKavdhï iuÕ
iqyoYS,Sj cSj;a ùu wfma rfÜ b;sydih ;=<
lemS fmfkk ,laIKhls'
61
mOdk>r - fï kñka ye`Èkafjkafka merKs ld,fha §
fn!oaO NslaIQka jykafia,d .eUqre Ndjkdj, fh§u
i`oyd Ndú; lr ;sfnk f.dvke.s,s úfYaIhls' yd;aami
Èhw.,lska iukaú; f.dvke.s,s folla l=vd md,ulska
iïnkaO fldg mOdk>r bÈ lr ;sfí' jiN rc;=ud
úiska msysgqjk ,o fmßñhïl=,ï fi,a,smsfha iqoiaik
kï mOdk>rhla .ek i`oyka ù ;sfí' fujeks mOdk>r
ßá.," udkdlkao" wkqrdOmqr hk ia:dkj, ±lsh yelsh'
mOdk>r ye`Èkaùug oaú;aj fõÈld f.dvke.s,s hk fhÿu
o Ndú; fõ'

mQ.h - ixialD; NdIdfõ mQ. hk jpkfhka woyia lrkafka

iNdj fyda lsishï msßilf.ka iukaú; uKav,h hs' Y%S
,xldfõ merKs fi,a,smsj, mQ. hk jpkh fjf<`ÿkaf.a
iNd ye`Èkaùug fhdod ;sfí' mQ. hk jpkhg iudkj
kshuia:dk ^kshu;k& hk moh o fi,a,smsj, fh§ ;sfí'

lshq*sla wrdì wlaIr- lshq*sla hk jpkfhka woyia lr

;sfnkafka úúO wrdì wl=rej, uq,a u iajrEmh hs' tu
wlaIr ffY,sh j¾Okh jQfha l%sia;= j¾Ifhka y;ajk
ishjfia § brdlfha l+*d k.rh flakaø lr .ksñks'
bia,dï Nla;slhskaf.a wd.ñl .%ka:h f,i ie,flk
Y+oaO jQ l=rdkh msgm;a lsÍug Ndú; lrk ,oafoa o lshq*sla
wrdì wlaIrhs' fuu wlaIrj,ska ,shk ,o fidfydka.,a
lsysmhla Y%S ,xldfjka o fidhd f.k ;sfí'

62
න�ොමිලේ බෙද‍ා හැරීම i`oyd h'