we;=,a msgq
l,mq ëjrhdg tfrysj iSmaf,aka - 2
we;s tldg whjefhka - ke;s tldg Pkaofhka
2011 ck$fmn
jev lrk ck;djf.a wdydr fõ,o f¾lal lr Okj;=kag iyk iemhSfï
uD. whjehg ys,õjg ;lyksfhka Pkaohla m%odkh lsÍug wdKavqj
mshjr f.k we;s nj t<U we;s m,d;a md,k ue;sjrKh iïnkaOfhka
woyia m,lrk foaYmd,k úpdrlfhda fmkajd fo;s' ;jÿrg;a Tjqyq
wjOdrKh lrkafka fï nrm;, mdjd§u fy<sorõ lsÍu i|yd jdudxYsl
yd iudc m%cd;ka;%jd§ n,fõ. fï fudfydf;a ks¾NS;j bÈßm;a úh hq;=
nj h'
fï iïnkaOfhka woyia m, lrk kj
iu iudc mCIfha ksfhdacH f,alï
,Skia ch;s,l ifydaorhd lshd isáfha
rch" n,y;aldrh" ìh jeoa§u yd
>d;khka u; mokïj l%shd;aul
lrk iudc-wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;Skag
tfrysj m,d;a yhl m%foaYSh iNd
.Kkdjla i|yd kdu fhdackd
bÈßm;a lsßug ;u mlaIh lghq;= lr
;sfnk njhs'
~~''''''wms fldkafoais úrys;j fï
w;a;fkdau;sl ckdêm;s jHjia:dj
brd ±óu fjkqfjka fï ckaofha §
Woaf>daIKh lrkakg n,dfmdfrd;a;=
fjkjd' ta jf.au W;=f¾ yd kef.kysr
wfydais lr ;sfnk isú,a md,kh
ia:dms; lsÍu muKla fkdj" ol=fKa;a
lvdlmam,a ù hñka ;sfnk isú,a
md,h kej; ia:dms; lsÍu i|yd yÈis
kS;sh yd ;%ia;jdoh je,elaùfï mk;
jeks mj;sk wjkS;s wfydais lr .ekSu
i|yd;a ks¾NS;j bÈßm;a ùug ck;dj
;reKshks"
;ksj .uka hkak tmd
hdmkh fcHIaG fmd,sia wêldÍf.ka wjjdo
;ksj .uka hEu fkdlrk f,i;a" rka wdNrK
me<e| mdf¾ .ukaìuka hdfuka j,lsk f,i;a
yd tajd ksfjiaj, ;nd fkdf.k nexl=
f,dl¾j, ;ekam;a lr ;nk f,i;a hdmkh
fcHIaG fmd,ia wêldÍ fkú,a moaufyajd
ldka;djkag fhdackd lr ;sfí'
Tyq tfia fhdackd lr isáfha hdmkh
w¾Ooaùmh ;=< fõ.fhka j¾Okh jk ia;%S
¥IK" ñkSuereï" meyerf.k hEï" fld,a,lEï
yd f.j,a ì÷ï we;=¿ wmrdOhka wju
lr.ekSfï l%ufõohka y÷kajd §u i|yd
ckjdß 07 od hdmkh ùrisxyï Yd,dfõ §
meje;s uyck /iaùul§ h' m%foaAYfha fcHIaG
fmd,sia ks,OdÍka iuÕ jHdmdßlhka" rcfha
ks,OdÍka" nexl= ks,OdÍka yd uyck
ksfhdað;hka /ia ù miq.sh udi fol ;=< isÿ jQ
fï wmrdOhkaf.a by< hEu iïnkaOfhka .;
yels wdrlaIl úêúOdk .ek fuys§ idlÉPd
lr ;sfí'
fmr lS Wmfoiaj,g wu;rj" kkakd÷kk
mqoa.,hka .ek ie,ls,su;a jk f,i;a" Tjqka
.ek fmd,sishg jd¾;d lrk f,i;a" ;uka
ksjiska msgj hk úg fodr-cfk,a fyd¢ka jid
we;a±hs fidhd n,k f,i yd h;=re mdmsis hg"
u,a fmdaÉÑ hg ;nd fkdf.dia wjYH mßÈ
mjqf,a idudðlhkag fjk fjku h;=re ;nd
W;=f¾ wj;eka jQjka jyd ish .ïìïj, mÈxÑ lrõ !
iudc m%cd;ka;%jd§ka tl;= lsÍu wo hq.fha j.lSuhs - 3
Ökfha wd¾Ól u. fldhsngo@ - 4
2011 whjeh - ixj¾Okhg fkdj fjf<|dug uq,a;ek - 5
20/=
mqj;am;la f,i ,shdmÈxÑ lrk ,È'
ck /,af,a fkdief,k y~ 28 jk ldKavh' 01 jk l,dmh
lrkafka keye' lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdok ;eklu Woaf>daIKhka Èh;a lsßughs
j,g fjf<|fmd,la ilid fkd§ wms W;=f¾-ol=fKa m%foaYSh iNd
cdjdrïlrejkaf.a f.dÿre njg .Kkdjlg kdu fhdackd ndr§ug
f.dùkaj m;a lr,hs ;sfhkafka' fï
ish,a, .ek rg mqrd" yels ieu yh jk msgqjg'''''''''''
±kqj;a lrkjd' wdKavqj mdßfNda.sl nÿ
jeä lrkak wh jefhka u ;Skaÿ §,
;sfhkafka' fï nÿ" NdKav ñ, by,
hEug m%Odk fya;=jla' ta jf.au úfoia
wdfhda c lhka g há;, myiq l ï
imhkak m%fldaá .Kka Kh .ksñka
wêfõ.S udj;a" jrdhj,a" .=jka
f;dgqm,j,a yoñka lrk úhoïj,ska
lsisu NdKavhla ksIamdokh fkdlrk
ksid;a NdKav ñ, by, hkjd' fï
ish,a, jev lrk ckhdf.a lrmsáka
foia úfoia Okj;=kag mdjdv ±óula yd
iudkhs' fïjd .ek;a ck;dj ±kqj;a
lsÍu wmf.a j.lSula' W;=f¾ ck;dj
wj;eka l<d muKla fkdj" k.r
ixj¾Okh lsh, kd.ßlj fjfik
ÿ.Ska ore mjq,a msáka Wkaysá ;ekaj,ska
m,jd yßkj' Tjqkaf.a foam, j,g lsisu
idOdrK jkaÈhlaj;a fokafka keye'
wOHdmkh" fi!LHh hk w;HdjYH
fiajd fm!oa.,SlrKh lrñka isákjd'
wdydr ks I a m dokhg wdfhda c kh
,ika ; úl% u ;= x . >d;kh" m% . s ; a tla k e<s f .dv w;= r eoyka ls Í u we;= ¿
udOH fCI;% f ha is ÿ jQ NS I Khka ms < s n | mÍCIK f;dr;= r e fy<s ls Í ug
rchg n,meï ls ß u i|yd jQ Woa > da I khla ckjdß 18 Èk fld<U fldgq j
ÿïßhfmd, bÈßms g § meje;a ú Ks ' udOH ixúOdk" foa Y md,k mCI" jD;a ; S h
iñ;s yd nyq c k ixúOdk fuu Woa f >da I Khg iyNd.S úh'
,xldfõ Y%u iyNd.S;ajh
.kakd f,i;a Tyq mjid we;' rd;%S ld,fha
ldka;d-mqreI fld<Uixj¾Okhg
ksjeishka
wdrlaIl wxY j, wh meñKsh;a fodrj,a fkdwer
Tjqkaf.a wkkH;dj mÍlaId lr" Tjqka iuÕ
fmd,sia ks,Odßfhla isà±hs iel yer ±k f.k
mr;rh úYd,hs
úkd fodrj,a fkdwßk f,i;o tys§ Wmfoia §
;sfí'
fï jeä jk wmrdO iïnkaOfhka uyck uka;%S
ILO lshhs t<jhs
,xldfõ Y%u iyNd.S;ajfha § ^tkï
iqf¾Ia fm%aupkaø mjid we;af;a wdrlaIl yuqod jD;a;Skaj, fh§fï §& ldka;djka yd fld<U k.rfha mÈxÑ mjq,a ish .Kklg
yd fmd,sisfha lsisu ±kqj;a lulska f;drj fuu mqreIhka w;r mj;sk iyNd.S;aj mr;rh ;u ksfjia w;ayer hk f,i kd.ßl
wmrdO isÿ lsÍu myiq fkdjk njh' tu f,dalfha 20 jk úYd,u mr;rh njg ixj¾Ok wêldßh úiska ±kqï § ;sfnk nj
fpdaokdj hdmkh wKfok ks,OdÍjrhd ksjeisfhda mji;s' Tjqka m%ldY lrkafka fï
m%;slafIam lr ;sfí' m;a ù ;sfnk nj cd;Hka;r lïlre
ixúOdkh ^ILO& fmkajd fohs' 2008 jk ksjdi yd tajd msysá bvï i|yd ;ukag
miq.sh foui ;=< isÿ jQ wmrdOj,ska m%ldYs; úg ,xldfõ msßñkaf.a Y%u odhl;ajh j,x.= Tmamq ;sfnk nj h' fï iïnkaOfhka
wmrdO lsysmhla fufiah' 2010 fkdjeïn¾ 11- 76'1] jk w;r ldka;djka thg Nd.hlg kd.ßl ixj¾Ok wêldßh^UDA& lshkafka
jvudrÉÑ" ú,xldvq ol=K m%foaYfha§ ldka;djka jvd uola jeä m%udKhla" tkï 37'8] la k.rh jeä ÈhqKq lsÍfï kj ie,eiau i|yd
fofofkl= ¥IKh lsÍu' fkdjeïn¾ 13 - muKla odhl jk njo tu jd¾;d fy<s ;ukag fï bvï wjYHj ;sfnk njhs'
w;=reoykaj isá fT!ß keue;s udkisl lrhs'
wdndohlska fmf<k ;reKhdf.a u< isrer fufia msgux lsÍug kshñ; mjq,a 400 la
mq,kaldvq fjrf<a § yuq ùu' kd.¾fldaú,a ys kj ;reKshka 24'6] la ú/lshdfjka fmf,k muK miq.shod kd.ßl ixj¾oK wêldßh
jdiia:dk wi, ;sî ldka;d wegiels,a,la úiska le|jd ;snQ w;r" thg wêldßfha
yuqùu' foieïn¾ 11 mqf,da,s ol=K m%foaYfha w;r" ;reKhka w;r th 18'6] uÜgul
w;ayer ±uQ ,s|l ;sî ¥IKh lr urd ouk ,o 19 mj;sk nj fu jd¾;d i|yka lrhs' ks,OdÍka o iyNd.S úh' tys§ f.j,a
yeúßÈ ;=,is f.a isrer yuqùu' foie' 12- ,xldfõ by<u fiajd úhqla;sh we;af;a yerhk tl m,jq,lg jir tlyudrla hk
Wvqmamsä ys § fudg¾ ihsl,a lrejka fofoffkl= Wiia fm, yd bka by< úNd. iu;=ka w;r ;=re uilg remsh,a 8000$}ne.ska jk ksjdi
úiska ldka;djla meyerf.k hEu' fpkaldfkhs nj;a" tys§o ldka;d md¾Yjfha fiajd l=,shla f.ùug n,OdÍka fhdackd lr
ys fldaú,l mQcljrhdg yd úhqla;sh jvd;a by< w.hla .kakd nj;a ;sfí'
yh jk msgqjg''''''''''' Tjqyq jeäÿrg;a fm;ajd fo;s' yh jk msgqjg'''''''''''
 2 ck'$fmn' 2011
~~ iSmaf,aka jHdmD;sh yd ixpdrl ÈhqKqj ksid hï
jdisodhl ;;a;ajhla ëjrhdg we;s fjhs lsh,
rch lshkjd' fïlg leue;s ;j;a iuyre lshkjd
;ukaf;a ksIamdok Rcqju ixpdrlhkag úl=Kd.;
yels nj' ;j;a iuyre lshkjd iïm%odhsl Èú
fmj; fmkakd uqo,a yïn l< yels nj' fïl
yeuodu w¨;a jHdmD;shla wdrïN lrkfldg rch
lshk tajd' ta;a we;a;gu tajd ljodj;a tfyu
jqfka keye fldfyaj;a~~'
fï Èkj, ó.uq f j;a " rg mq r du;a iS m a f ,a k a
jHdmD;shla .ek w¨;a l;djla ksid WKqiqï
;;a;ajhla u;= ù we;' fï ;;a;ajh ksid úYd,
Woaf>daIK mjd ó.uqj ;=< mek ke.=Ks' úúO
udOHhkaf.ka fï .ek f;dr;=re
ixpdrh lrkak leue;s msßia' f,dal wd¾Ól w¾nqoh
ksid fldfydug;a hqfrdamfha iy fjk;a ÈhqKq rgj,
wh tkafka;a wvqfjka' wdj;a n,kafka wvqfjka úhoï
lr, hkak' ta ksid tfyu jeä fohla iïm%odhsl
ëjrhdg ,efnhs lsh, fldfydu;a ys;kak nE'
isx.mamQrej" ;dhs,ka;h uef,aishdfõ jf.a wfma
orejkag;a weÕm; úl=Kkakg kï wjia:djla
,efnkak bv ;sfhkjd' rch fmkajkag W;aidy
lrkjd fï lshk ixj¾Ok jevj,ska ck;djg fi;la
ie,ish yelshs lsh,d' tfyu fi;la ck;djg fï
ixj¾Okh jev ms<fs j,ska isÿ fjkjd kï biafi,a,du
lrkak ´kE l,mqjg neiau we;s ldKq moaO;shg
ksis jevms<sfj,la ieliSuhs" ó.uq l,mqjg l=Kq
±óu kj;k tlhs'~~

ndyq ,kavka kqjr mkaodyl muK fou< vhiafmdardj wu;k PdhdrEmhla
m;a;f¾ m, ù ;sfnkq ÿgq ckdêm;s;=ud fn%la*iaÜ i|yd .ksñka isá ó lsß
yd l=ryka ;,m ál lEu uolg kj;d ta foi kej; weia f,dl= lr ne¨fõ
we;a;gu fuÉpr fikÕla bkafka ndyq jg lrf.ku ±hs ielfhks'
ta iuÕu l:d lf<a wurfoaj udiag¾h'
~~tfyõ ksoyfia iaj¾. rdcHhg udf.a foaYh wjÈ lrk msh ;=ud~~ hehs lSh'
ndyqf.a msx;+fr ±l,d fï úÈfha klal,hla ñksyd;a ±ïud ±hs is;d t;=ud ug
l:d lf<ah'
~~whsfia" l,dldrfhda fndfydau w§k cd;shla' f,dafla yqÕla ck kdhlhskaj
taf.d,af,da úfõpkh lr, ;sfhkjd' Wmydi lr, ;sfhkjd' wurfoaj
udiagre;a ta jf.a lsKaählao ug ±ïfï lsh, fydhd f.k tkjd~~ lSh'
~~wfka" m;a;rhla" m%jD;a;h
s la ;shd lsis fohla .ek okak lshk ukqii a fhla
fkfjhs' ta jf.a jevla krl ys;ska flrejhs lsh, ys;kakj;a tmd~~ uu
lSfjñ' ~~i¾" iuyr fj,djg nvq ñ," t<j¨ ñ," ,ehsÜ ì, by< hk yeáhg
udiag¾g;a iaj¾. rdcHh fmakk a mgka wrf.kj;ao okafka keye''''''''' fudayï
oYlh f.jk ukqiaihd'~~ pqá lSh'
,kavka hoa§ mskdmdf¾ ;ud iuÕ .sh Wka ál fou< vhiafmdardj ÿgq
yeáfhau uq;%d nr .=jka f;dgqm,g wdmiq Èj .sh yeá t;=udg u;la úh'
ue;sjrKhg kdufhdackd Ndr fooaÈ f.dkamdÜ tlla oud wkd.;a
fldka.ialdrhd ;udg;a l,sfhka miai fkdn,d ÿjf.k .syk s a maf,aka tfla
iSÜ tlla hgg ù .=,s.eiS isá yeáo isys úh'
~~i¾" f*dkafiald hqksf*da¾ï msáka bkak ldf,aj;a wrx .shd kï wvq .dfka
fou< vhiafmdardfõ y;rmia fofklaj;a fufy§ yß iaj¾. rdcHhg hjkak
;snqKd Wkag mdvula yß W.kakkak~~ uu lSfjñ'
wjq lKakdähla oud.;a ndyq lgqkdhl .=jka f;dfgka" .=jka hdkfhka
nisk .uka ldgfoda w; jkkq rEmjdysksfhka Èia úh'
~~wmamg isß fnd," fïld tk úÈhg ñksiia q ys;dú uEka fkdfn,a ;E.a. wrka
tkj lsh,~~' ~~i¾' ´l ùrjxY u,a,h
s g lsõjdu uEka .dkg udOHhg m%ldY
ksl=;a lrú~~ pqá lSh'
~~ndyq fkdfn,a ;E.a. wêrdcHjd§kaf.ka wrx tkak biafi,a,d wfma w;s.re
ckdêm;s;u = d t;=udf.a ixl,amhla wkqj" t;=udf.a u.fmkaùu hgf;a" t;=ud
myq.sh Èk gqfnda,aia wrka wdjd ysf;%daj, b|,' ndyq wrka wdfõ fkdafnda,a
lshhs~~ t;=ud lSh'
~~b;sx i¾" tal i¾g wdvïnrhla fka~~ kej; pqá lSh' ~~fldfyao ´hs
wdvïnrhla fjkafka''''@ uy,a,d iy uqyqo ,sõfõ .S o fudmidx lsh, lsõj
ñksyd' tal wr fudav n¾áh biair lshmq yskaou fyd|hs~~' ~~bkaÈhdfõ cd;sl
.Sh lshkafka yskaÈ ndidfjka lsh,d Bfha fmf¾od lghs mq'''hs jk lr.;a;=
tld" uu gQfnda,aia wrf.k wdj lsõjdu m;a;r ldrfhda ál;a ths tal
n,kak fmda,fs ï~~' ~~Tõ i¾' uEka foaYfm%ñ
a isxy,h yskoa d gQfnda,i
a a lshk tl
jerÈ,dj;a isxy,f,ka g%dkaiaf,aÜ lr, lsõfjd;a fÊ'ú'msldrfhda Wv mek
mek kghs~~ uuo th wkqu; lf<ñ'
ndyq fou< vhiafmdardj jg lrf.k f,lap¾ tlla § ùrhd jf.a wdmiq tau
rgg l< uÈmqxÑlula fia is;+ t;=ud m%Ndlrka u< od lÜg iïn,a tlal lsß
n;a lE Wka ;=ka y;r fofklaj;a fï fj,dfõ <Õ md;l keoa±hs weiqfõ
ùrl=udrf.ks' ~~i¾" tlaflfklaj;a fí;lg kE i¾'''~~' ~~bkak ál fokd;a
Wkaf.a gelais ál wr.fk iñ;sx mdrla fydhdf.k iqoafoda miafia ÿjkjd~~'
~~n,kjflda` m%dfvda m¾ñÜ ál .;a;g miafia mfCI Wka ál;a tal úl=K.kak
weúÈkjd ñila foaYfm%afï uqka <Õ .Eú,dj;a kEfka~~ ud foi n,ñka lSh'
~~ux fï /iaùïj, foaYfm%afï lshk jpfka ú;rla lg lefvkl,a lsh,
;sfhkjd uka;rhla jf.a' tÉpr lsh,;a fï fjkfldgj;a tl foaYfm%ñ a fhla
fí;lgj;a fydhd .kak kEfka'''~~ t;=ud fYdalfhka ud foi ne,Sh'
~~i¾ lshkj kï ´k kï ug mq¿jka .,a .ykak~~ ùrl=udr lSh' ~~;uqfig
talj;a yßhg lrkak mq¨jkao lsh, ug ielhs~~' ~~i¾" uu je,sfl<sfha b|,u
.,afl<shg mqreÿ fjÑÑ ñksfyla~~ ùrl=udrhd weïvka ihsia tfla fgdala
tlla ÿkak;a ckêm;s lSfõ" ~~;uqfia ´k ;+;;
a l
= ä
= hl .syk
s a tal lr.kakjd~~
lshdh'
~~flda whsfia hqofa oa Èkmq ojiaj, ysgmq foaYfm%ñ
a fhda ál@~~ t;=ud uf.ka kej;
weiSh' ~~i¾ ta ldf,a fuÉpr nvq ñ, ke., ;snqfKa kEfka'''' ñksiaiq nd¾
tlg .sys,a,d hka;ï yß fIdÜ tlla" folla od.;a;d wudrefjka yß' ta
ldf,a foaYfm%afu;a ta .dkg ;snqKd'~~
ta iuÕu ÿrl;kh kdo úh' ~~i¾" ndyqg kx neß jqKd' uEka ms<. s kak .syks a
ysáh .Ekq álghs" wksla Wkaghs fk¨jd hlv fmd¨j,skh q "s fmdfrdaj,skh
q ~s ~'
~~taflx ,xldjg ke;s fjkak .sh foaYfm%afï wms hdka;x /l.;a;d'~~
~~foaYfm%ñ
a fhda lS fofkla ysáho irf;da''''@~~ i¾" Tlafldu wg fokhs'''''' i¾'
fnda;,a folhs yÈishg fydhd .kak mq¿jka jqfKa' tal;a f,dal,a oxfldgqj
nvq~~
lula ke i¾" fmdfrda;a Y%S ,xld ,xf,da' hlv fmd¨;a ,xf,da' nvq;a ,xld"
oxfldgqfõ iameI,a'''''' fld,af,da ál ú;rhs ysms ghsma gelais v%ehsj¾,d''''
l,mq ëjrhdg
fy<s o rõ jq K s ' yrfha wms fï
iïnkaOj l:dny lrkak ó.uqfõ
ëjrhs k a uq K .eiS u g f.dia "
ó.uqfõ mdrïmßl l,mq ëjr
mjq,lska meje; tk ëjr kdu,a
''''''''''' f.ka fï ms<sn|j úuiQ
úg tfia mejeiSh' Tyq jeä ÿrg;a
fufiao mejeiSh' tfrysj
~~ó.uq l,mqj lshkafka fyd| ffcj
úúO;ajhla ;sfhk" fyd| cdk
Yla;shla ;sfhk wdishdfõ l,mq
w;ßka fyd|u tlla' fï ó.uqj
l,mqj fmdaIKh lrk f;;a ìula
;uhs Bg hdnoj ;sfhk
uq;=rdcfj,' fï fol we;a;gu
tlg ne¢,hs ;s f hka f ka ' fuu
N+ ñ fha we;s wd¾Ól jákdlu
flfuka flfuka by< hñkqhs
;sfhkafka' ta ;=< ;uhs ixpdrl
l¾udka;hg fï N+ñh hg;a fjñka
mj;skafka'~~
~~c,h u; m;s; l< yels iSmaf,ka
fï m%foaYfha Ndú;d lrkak hkafka
fï miqìu ;=<hs' fï
.=jkahdkdj,ska msg jk wmøjH
fï l,mqjg tlaùfï wk;=r;a fï
w;r mj;skjd' f.dvìu .uka
lrk ish¨ jdykj,g YlH;d
jd¾;djla .kakjd fia iSmaf,aka
ms<ns |j YlH;d jd¾;d .kakjdo lsh,j;a lshkafka
keye'~~ ó.uq f õ mßirh wdrCId ls Í u i|yd wdmod
l<ukdlrK jevms<sfj,la l%shd;aul l< yels
~~wfkl fï m%foaYfha mdrïmßlj /lshdfõ fhfok jqjo" fï jk f;la wdmod l<ukdlrK hd;%djlaj;a
mkak l%u .Kkdjla ;sfhkjd' fï ish¨ ñksiqka ëjr wud;HdxYh úiska fhdod ke;s nj ëjrfhda
/lshd lrk ld,fõ,d iy ia:dk mdrïmßlju mji;s' ó.uqfõ we;s jdyk i¾úia fikag¾" ldKq
fjka lr.fkhs bkafka' fï ëjrhskaf.a /lshd yd moaO;s wdÈfhka úYd, mßir ydkshla ó.uq l,mqjg
whs;Ska i|yd wdKavqj,ska fuf;la lsisu úêu;a isÿ fõ' fï ksid iEu ldKqjlu isg óg¾ ish
jevms<sfj,la bÈßm;a lr, keye' fï ëjr mjq,a .Kkdjl c,c me,Eá muKla fkdj" c,c i;=ka
rchg lsisu nrla ke;sj ;ukaj mj;ajdf.k mjd úkdY ù we;'
hdul=hs fu;=jla isÿ jqfKa'~~
ieliqfõ( ó.uq m%foaYh jeä
iSmaf,aka c,h u; m;s; lrk úg fukau chfoaj háje,a, j¾Idm;khla we;s m%foaYhls'
kej; .uka wdrïN lrk úg c,h u; Bg ta ksid jeä c,Odß;djla b;d
wjYH fõ.hlska hdkh .uka l< hq;= fõ' thska blauKska" fõ.fhka l,mqjg tla ùu isÿ fõ' fufia
c,fha úYd, le<öula we;s úh yelshs' ta ksid ta fyhska jeä ÈhqKq l< wmøjH ndOl jevms<sfj,la
i|ydo hï m%foaYhla fjka lrkak;a isoaO ùug f.dvke.sh hq;=j ;sfhk ;sfhk nj m%foaYjdiSkaf.a
bv we;' ëjrhd N=la;s ú¢k l,mqfõ úYd, woyi fõ'
fldgila Bg;a hg úh yels nj ëjrfhda is;;s'
fï ms<sn|j lsis Èkl rchka fyda fjk;a rdcH
fuu l<mqfõ tla bjqrl ;sfhk thd¾fmdÜ .d¾âka wdh;k u.ska lsisu jevms<sfj,la fhdod fkdue;s
fydg,fha;a" wfkla mi íÆ ,e.+ka fydag,fha;a nj ëjrhska fukau ó.uq jeisfhda o mji;s' tfy;a
wjYH;djhka b,lal lr fï iSmaf,aka Ndú;h isÿ rchg wjYH;djhla we;skï fï i|yd ksis
lrk nj o Tjqyq mji;s' thska fï l,mqj folg jevms<sfj,la jeä uykaishla fkdú l< yels nj
fn§ula isÿ úh yels njo Tjqyq is;;s' ta ;=< ó.uq jeishka f.a woyihs' k.riNdj nÿ yeáhg
l,mqfõ ixpdrl l¾udka;hg iïnkaOhla ke;s wh lr .kakd uqo, fuka mia .=Khl muK uqo,la
msßiaj, whs;Ska wysñ ùula isÿ úh yels njg o ó.uqfõ lf;da,sl m,a,sfhka whlr .kakd neúka
Tjqka ;=< ielhla mj;S' tu uqo,ska fldgila fhdod mßir l<ukdlrK
jevms<fs j,la f.dvke.Sug yelshdjla we;s nj ó.uq
ta;a iuÕu ld,hl isg mq;a;,fï isg fld<U jeisfhda mji;s'
olajd .uka myiqj i|yd ilia lr we;s yeñ,agka
we;=¨ we,ud¾. moaO;sh;a fï ixpdrl jHdmD;shgu l,mq ëjrhka cd;sl wd¾Ólhg jeä odhl;ajhla
hg úh yels nj ëjrhska iy m%foaYjdiSka mji;s' fkdork njo iuyr msßia mji;s' fuu l,mqfõ /
±kgu;a fï we, ixpdrl l¾udka;hg hehs mjiñka lshdj lrk msßia l,mq /lshdfjka úYd, wdodhula
iqoao lsÍfï lghq;= wdrïN lr we;' tfia fuu fkd,nkafkah hk woyi ork msßiao fj;s' tneúka
we,ud¾. moaO;shu ixpdrl l¾udka;hg hg;a fuu msßi fjk;a /lshdj,g fhduq lsÍfuka jvd
jQjfyd;a ±kg fuu we, ud¾. moaO;s Ndú;d ÈhqKqjla Tjqkag ,nd §ug yelshdjla we; hkako
lrk ëjrhskaf.a wkd.;hg l=ula fõo hk tl woyils' fuu woyi f,dalfha ;=kajk f,dalfha
ldrKdj iïnkaOfhkao ckhd ìhlska miqfj;s' iajNdúl iïm;a" N+ñh m%foaYjdiSka f.ka Wÿrd
m%Odku ldrKdj jkafka fuu iSmaf,aka Ndú;dj .ekSug lghq;= lrk m%foaYj, tu l%shdldß;ajhka
.ek ,xldfõ w;a±lSï wvqlu fõ' c, moaO;shg" idOdrKSlrKh lsÍu i|yd jk m%isoaO woyilss'
mdxY= moaO;shg" ffcj moaO;shg jk n,mEu kef.kysr bkaÈhdfõ iajfoaYslhka t<jd oud LKsc
;lafiare lr, fï jk f;la ck;dj ±kqj;a lr iïm;a we;s m%foaY veye .ekSug lghq;= lrk bka§h
ke;s njo Tjqyq mji;s' wdKavqj" m%dka; wdKavq iy nyqcd;sl iud.ï
mjikafkao fujeksu l:djls' ó.uqj l,mqfjka ckhd
m<jd yer ixpdrl l¾udka;lrKh yryd nyqcd;sl
ëjr kdu,a fufia mjihs ' ~~miq . s h ldf,a iud.ïj,g tu m%foaYh mjrd §ug lghq;= lrk
idudkHfhka ëjr ksjdi .ek l:d lrkfldg ,xld wdKavqj yd thg iïnkaO msßia lshkafkao
lSfõ ëjr me,am;a lsh,hs' talg fya;=j ëjrhd tu woyi fõ' tfy;a tfia ckhd m,jd yer lrk
je,af,a ;djld,sl ksjdi yodf.k mkak lsÍuhs' lsisu ixj¾Okhla ienE ixj¾Okhla fkdjk njg
ld,.=Kh wkqj ta wh m%foaY udre lrñka Ôjkh f,da l fha w;a ± lS ï we;' kef.kys r bka È hdju
f.k hk ksid iaÓr ksjdi ye§u .ek jeä Wkkaÿjla bkaÈhdkq rcfhka iy m%dka; wdKavq md,kfhka
;snqfKa keye' ta;a uE; ldf,a ysgmq .uka fuu n,y;a l drfhka bj;a fjñka is á ka f ka o fufia
m%foaYfha mdßißl fya;= ksid je,s f.dv±óu ;ykï ck;djf.a iïm;a" N+ñh Wÿrd .ekSug tu wdKavq
lsh,d fndaâ tlla .ykjd' ta wkqj ck;dj t;ekska l%shd lsÍu ksid fõ' wdKavqjlg fyda fjk lsisu
bj;a jqKdu t;ek ixpdrl fydag,hla yefokjd' wdh;khlg iSud mekùug fyda fï iïm%odhsl /
±ka wms okakjd hï ;ekl mdßißl fya;= ksid lshd fjkia lsÍug yelshdjla fkdue;' th ta
mdúÉÑ lrkak tmd lsh,d fndaâ tlla .eyqfjd;a" m% c djka f .a whs ; s h ls ' ñks i q k a g fm% d a à ka iemhQ
t;ek ixpdrl fydag,hla yefokjd lsh,d' fï ëjrhkaf.ka l,mq ëjrfhda w;s úfYaI fldgils'
mdßißl kS;s f.k;a ;sfhkafka ëjrhdj;a" fjr<j;a" Tjqyq ó.uq l,mqj ;ukaf.a uj f,i kï lrkqfha
mßirhj;a wdrCId lrkak fkfjhs" ìiakialdrfhda Tjqkaf.a uq;=kañ;a;;ka mjd l,mqfjka hemS ;u
fjkqfjka' ta ksid wms fldfydu;a ys;kafka keye mrïmrdjka f.dvk.d we;s neúks'
ó.uqfõ fï iSmaf,aka fyda ixpdrl l¾udka;h
ksid ëjrhskag fyd|la isoaO fjhs lsh,' fïflka ó.uq l,mqjg ±kg uqodyßk u;iH wmøjH úYd,
isÿ fjkafka m<uqfjka me,am;a bj;a lr," fuf;la m%udKfhka i;aj wdydr ksmoùug fhdod .; yels
N=la;s ú¢ ñksiqka bj;a lr, N+ñh iqoaO lrk njg ñ.uqfõu ksoyila we;' miq.sh ld,fha iq¿
tlhs'~~ mßudKfhka u;iH wmøjH fhdod u;iH wdydr
ksIamdokh lsÍfï jHdmD;s l%shd;aul lr we;s nj
iïm%odhsl mkak l%u Ndú; l< ëjrhskag fï ëjrfhda lsh;s' tajdhska id¾:l m%;sM, ,nd .;a
ixpdrl l¾udka ; h ks i d hï jdis h la w;a njo Tjqyq mji;s'
lr.ekSug yels fõ hehs ëjrfhda fkdis;;s' Bg
fya;=j yeáhg ëjr kdu,a fufia mjihs' y;a jk msgqjg'''''''''''
~~±ka jeäyßhla ,xldjg tkafka wvq úhoulska
ck'$fmn' 2011 3

143" lsõ mdr" fld<U 02'
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fjíwvúh( www.nssp.info
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we;a ; jYfhka w;s wdKavj q g mq¿jka fj,d kE
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ta l drdYS lr.ekS u g lrkak' thd,g mq¿jka lu

wd¾Ólh fidaodmd¨jl
;ju;a fkdyelsj ;sfhkjd uu jerÈ
;snqK;a fï rfÜ f;dr;= r e f,da l h mq r d
md,lfhda f;areï wrka lshkj lsh,d kvq odkak'
;sfhkjd Tjqkaf.a kuq;a wdKavj q okakjd wms
,xldfõ wd¾Ólh m;=f,ka nrm;, Ldokhlg ,lafjñka ;sfnk nj úil=re .ukg ndOd l:d lrkafka we;a; lsh,"
jdudxYsl muKla fkdj iudc m%cd;ka;%jd§ wdl,amhkaf.ka wd¾Ól lrk" úfrdaO;d Tjqka uyd úkdYhla lr,
úYaf,aIKfha fhfok iefjdu fmkakqï lrñka isà' Tjqka uQ,sl f,i we;slrk" jevj¾ck" ;sfhkjd lsh,' B<Õg ta
fmkajd fokafka hqoaOh i|yd l< wiSñ; úhoï i|yd Khg .;a uqo,a y¾;d,a we;s lrkak úkdYh ;=<ska taldêm;s
yd WmlrK fjkqfjka Kh f.ùu i|yd wdKavqfõ uq¿ nÿ wdodhu u mq¨jka" f.dvk.kak md,kh cd;sjdofhka
ys,õ lsÍug isÿù ;sîu ,xld wd¾Ólh .eUqre wrnQohlg ,laùfï mq¿jka n,fõ.hla we;s fudaykh lr," taldêm;s
m%Odk idOlh njhs' ta ;;ajh ;=< ,xldfõ id¾j wd¾Ól mokï b;d
ÿ¾j,j mj;sk nj Tjqyq fmkajd fo;s' fï wjdikdjka; ;;a;ajh jyx.= fjñka ;sfnkjd lsh,d' n,hla w;g wr.;a;d' wms
lsÍu i|yd Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j úiska .Kka b,lalï úÊcdjla fõÈld talhs fï úÈyg wms;a taldêm;s uqrKavq
.; lr we;' tu fõÈld rx.kh u.ska uy nexl=j wd¾Ól úch.%yk tlal fï úÈyg wdKavqjla hgf;a
;=kla bÈßm;a lrhs' m<uqj" ,xldfõ tal mqoa., wdodhu 2010 jk úg yefmkafka' fïl wmsg Ôj;a j ka f ka ' fï fjk
weußldkq fvd,¾ 2053 olajd jeä ù we;s nj;a" ta wkqj ,xldj uOH f.!rjhla' .=jka fldg uD. wdKa v q j la
mßudK wdodhï ,nk rgla olajd j¾Okh ù ;sfnk nj;a lshhs' f;dgqmf,a§ wmg l< hg;g uq¿ ,xldju" yeu
^1995 § tal mqoa., wdodhu fvd,¾ 720 ls'& fojkqj" ,xldfõ úfoaY m% y drhka ;= < § wms ñksfylaju m;alr,
úksuh b;sydifha m<uq j;djg udi 08 l ld,hlg wdkhk i|yd
iEfyk uÜgulg j¾Okh ù we;s nj lshhs' ;=kajkqj" bÈß jir 06 ±lald wmsj ur, ;sfhkjd' ta;a tlalu w;s
la ;=< ,xldfõ tal mqoa., wdodhu fvd,¾ 4000 olajd j¾Okh lrñka odkak" úkdY lrkak úYd, Kh lkaordjlg
,xldj wdishdfõ wdYap¾hh njg m;a flfrk nj lshhs' .ka k d W;a i dyhka g wmsj hg;a lr, ;sfhkjd'
uqyqK fokak mq¿jka bkaÈhdjg" Ökhg"
fï w;r miq.sh foieïn¾ 17 jeksod Y%S ,xld uy nexl=j wrUd jir ifyda o rjre rdYs h la hq f rda m hg" weußldjg
60 la .;ùu ksñ;af;ka meje;s W;aij iNdj weu;+ f,dal nexl= wms;a tlal tl;= fj,d Kh nßka hg lr,' ta
lKavdhfï l<ukdldr wOHlaIsld wdpd¾h k´.s Tfldkafcda-,afõ,d bkakjd lsh,d' wmsg kj iu iudc mCIfha 33 jk ixj;airfha§ Kh f.jkak wms wo ÿla
o m%ldY lr isáfha ,xldj uOH mßudKfha wdodhï ,nk rgla njg
m;aj isàu ksid jdKsc Kh fok wdh;khkaf.ka ^IBRC Financing&o fï wjia:dfõ§ úYd, k'i'i'm' m%Odk f,alï úl%undyq lreKdr;ak úÈkj' wo rfÜ ck;djg
Kh ,eîfï fhda.H;djh ,nd ;sfnk njh' ta w;ru ,xldj wdishdfõ f m i m s ß i l a W o õ ifydaorhd l< foaYkh lkak kE" fnfy;a .kak
úYauh^Wonder of Asia& njg m;a lsÍfï yd bÈß jir 06 we;=,; tal lrkjd' ta yeu úÈyla kE" Ôj;a fjkak
mqoa., wdodhu weußldkq fvd,¾ 4000 olajd by< oud.ekSfï ixj¾Ok
b,lal ch .ekSu i|yd iEu wjqreoaolu ,nd fokjdg jvd fo.=Khla
flfkl=gu wmf.a
f.!rjh ms ß kuka k
ilia lf<a iqrkach wurisxy úÈyla kE" mdf¾ neye,
hkak úÈyla kE"
iïm;a iemhSfï ukdmho weh m, lr ;sfí' fï u.ska wdKavqfõ Bkshd ´kE' wudre .ukd.uk myiqlï kE'
m%ldY" Y=oaO;ajhg m;a lsÍug weh o jEhï lr ;sfí' wjia:djl§ ;uhs ±k.kak mq¨jka fjkafka ljqo ñ;%fhda
IBRD h jir 15-20 olajd §¾>ld,Sk Kh ,nd fok w;r" jir myl lsh,d' wms ta ñ;%fhda w÷kf.k ;sfhkjd' wms t<slrkak fï fjk fldg ta úÈhg w;s úYd, Kh nrla ck;dj msg
iyk ld,hla o ,nd fok kuq;a tu Kh j, fmd,sh mj;sk fjf<|fmd, ´kE wehs fï rch wmsg fï ;rï úreoaO lsh,d' ta wh mgj,d ;sfhkjd' fudlgo fï Kh fj,d ;sfhkafka@ fïjd
uÜgï j, mj;skakla neúka b;d by, uÜgul mj;S' ,xldj fï uOH lshkafka wms fou< fldá ;%ia;jdoh we;s lsßu i|yd hqoO a fha Kh' m%Odk jYfhkau fïjd f.jkak fj,d ;sfhkafka
mßudKfha wdodhï ,nk ;;ajhg ~~Wiia~~ ùug fmr Kh ,ndÿka lgh;= lrkjd lsh,hs' ta;a ta l:dj msámiafia ;sfhkafka uq¿ rfÜu ck;djg' ck;djf.a we;a; jákdlï ;sfhk
cd;Hka;r ixj¾Ok tackaish ^IDA& jeks wdh;k Kh ,nd ÿkafka fudllao@ ta ;uhs Tjqka f.k hk l%shdud¾.hkag ëjrhskaf.a iïm;a" f.dùkaf.a iïm;a j¾Okh fjkjdo@
jir 40 la jeks §¾> ld,hla i|yd jk w;r" tajd i|yd fmd,shla wh úreoaOj" jevlrk ck;dj" jD;a;h S iñ;s" lïlrefjda" fïjd j¾Okh fjkjd kï fmd,a f.äfha ñ< wdydr ñ,
lf<a ke;' 0'75] l fiajd .dia;=jla muKla wh leßKs' ±ka fï we;=¿ ck;dj ke.SÜgjkak" ixúOdkh lrkak fukau" fufyu .Kka hhso@ wo wms id.;fha woaorg meñKs,d
wdpd¾h k´.s m%ldY lrk IBRD Kh .ekSu ,xldfõ Kh nr yd úreoaO mCIfha isák wfkla wh;a l%shdldÍ lrjkak" ;sfhkafka' ixj¾Okh me;a;lg od, wo fï wdKavqfõ
ii|k l, wd¾Ólhg Tfrd;a;= Èh yels±hs ielhla u;= fjhs' ukao
h;a fï jk úg;a Kh fiajd úhou wdKavqfõ uq¨ wdodhu yd iudk mdrg f.fkkak wmsg mQ¿jka lsh, ta f.d,af,da úYajdi kdhlfhda" ysgmq w.ue;s lshkjd lsiu s ixj¾Okhla fjkafka
jk ;rug by< ke. ;sîuhs' tkï wdKavqfõ wodhu Kh fiajd lrkjd' tal we;a; ;uhs' uyskao rdcmCIg ,kavka kE lsh,d'
úhoug ys,õ ù hk neúks' ieneúkau ,xldfõ wmkhk wdodhfuka k.rfha§ ck;dj tl;= fj,d" úfYaIfhka fou< ÿlaú¢k
mfyka tlla úfoia Kh fiajd j,g jeh fjñka ;sfí' ck;dj uyskaog ,kavka k.rhg wäh ;shkak fkd§ fï jdf.a úYd, úkdYhla lrñka" úYd, cd;Hka;r Kh
myr .y, t,j,d od,d ;sfhkjd' talg thdg ,eÊchs' wrf.k ;sfhkjd' cd;Hka;r Khldrfhda lshkj fï rg
fï w;r wd¾Ól úYaf,aIlhka fmkajd fokafka ;u w¾nQoh jid .ekSu l=uka;K s d;aul fjkjd lsh, ,eÊcdj jy.kak ixj¾Okh fjñka bÈßhg hkjd" f,dalfha uOHu uÜgfï
% hla l%h
i|yd wdKavqj m%uqL f,i fmkajk tal mqoa., wdodhï l;dj fndrejla úúO l:d lshkafka talhs' rgla njg m;alr, ;sfhkjd lsh,' f,dal nexl=j" uQ,H
nj;a" ck Ôú;fha i;H wdodhï fidhd .; yelafla l=gqïn wodhï
ms<sn| iólaIKhl m%ÓM, i,ld ne,Sfuka muKla nj;ah' ta iólaIK wruqo, lshkj Tfydu lrf.k hkak lsh,' lmamdÿ lrkak"
fmkajd fokafka ,xldfõ ck;djf.ka 40 la ÿ.SNdjfha f¾Ldfjka my,ska wms m%fõYfuka" l,amkdfjka jevlr, bÈßhg weú,a,d iqNidOk lmkak" nÿ whlrkak" whjeh mr;rh ìkaÿjg
isák njh' fojkqj" wdKavqj ixj¾Okfhaa jeo.;a ,laIKhla f,i ;sfhkjd' ta bÈßhg hdu ;=<ska fï rfÜ ck;djg f.akak lsh,d'
olajkafka ,xldj i;=j udi 08 wdkhk i|yd úfoaY úksuh ;sfnk tfrysj uD. n,fõ. fudk úÈyg fhÿj;a wmsg bÈßhg
njh' kuq;a i;H jkafka fï úfoaY úksuh fuka ;=ka .=Khla úfoaY Kh hkak mq¿jka lula ;sfhkjd lsh, fmkakqï lr, wms Tlafldu ÿla ú|,d fï Nhdkl jevms<fs j, mj;ajdf.k
meje;Suh' ;=kajkqj" jir 06 lska ,xldfõ tal mqoa., wdodhu $ 4000 ;sfhkjd' wms;a Tjqka iuÕ bÈßhg hkj lsh, hdug Kh f.jkak lsh," jkaÈ f.jkakh lsh," wdKavqj
olajd by, kexùuh' fï iïnkaOfhka i;H jkafka fujka tal mqoa., úYajdihla ck;dj w;r we;slr, ;sfhkjd' wms wmsg lshkj' wo wdKqvqj we;=f<u fíoìkak fj,d' fï
wodhula jir 06 lska ,nd .ekSug kï o< cd;sl ksIamdokfha ^GDP&
13] l jd¾Isl uQ¾; j¾Okhla wjYHùu h' 13]l wLKav GDP iuiudc jHdmdrh uefrkak fokafka ke;=j bÈßhg wmrdOldrfhda" ;lalä" fydre fnÈ,d .y.kak ;ekg
j¾Okhla meje;Su úYjdi l< yelalla fkdfõ' fuys § ,xldfõ 1] l f.ke,a,d ;sfnkjd' óg fmr l:d lrmq ifydaor jre weú,a,d' lsisu fydr lKavdhulg tlg bkak nE' fïjd
ck.yK j¾Okh i,lk l, fï m%;sY;h ;j;a jeäfõ' fï jif¾ 8]l lsõjd ,xxld iuiudc mCIh ,xld fldñksiaÜ mCIh fnod .kak .syska ld fldgd .kak ;;ajhlg m;afj,d
wd¾Ól j¾Okhla .ek l:d lrhs' th fyda wLKavj mj;ajd .ekSug jdiq foaj,d fï ish,af,dau iu iudc O¾uh" woyi ;sfhkafka' fï ksid fï f.d,af,da ;j;a ìysiqKq f,i l%shd
yelshdjla ;sfío@ wfkla w;g 2010 ji 8] l j¾Okh miq.sh jir mdj,d §,d úkdY lr, f,dalfhka neyer lsßu lrkak mq¿jka' fïlg úreoaOj lõo wo l:d lrkafka@
j, meje;s ukao.dó j¾Okhkaf.a ;;a;ja h ;=< we;sjkakla úkd wkd.;fha i|yd lghq;= lr, ;sfhkjd lsh,d' tal neyer fjkafka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqK;a álla wo lE .ykj' ux wykj
wLKavj isÿúh yels j¾Okhla f,i ie,lsh yelafla wukhl=gu ke;=j" úkdY ùug fkd§ wms bÈßhg f.khñka ck;d úuqla;s fmruqfKka ;uqkakdfi,d fkdfjhso fï
muKs '
bkakjd' iuiudc jHdmdrh bÈßhg f.khkakg kï wdKavj q f.kdfõ@ ;uqkka dfi,d fkfuhso fï hqofa og n,af,da
flfia fj;;a wdpd¾h k´.s úiskau rfÜ ixj¾Okh id¾j wd¾Ól fudkjo wjYH tl;a jevlrk ck;djf.a we;a; kdjkak f.kshkj jf.a uyskaoj weof.k .sfha@ tfyu
mokï Yla;su;a ùu u.ska ks¾Kh jk nj fmkajd § ;sfí' Okm;s iïnkaO;djka Wv mokï fjkak ´kE' lr, fï rfÜ cd;s jd§ hqOjd§ ;%ia;jdoh fï rfÜ
wd¾Ól úYaf,aIKhka wkqj neÆ l, o id¾j wd¾Ól mokï jkafka" f.dvk.kak Woõ lf<a@ ux wykj yÿkafk;a;fs .ka" á,aúka
1' mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;sh" 2' wd¾Ól jDêh fõ.j;a lr .ekSu" 3' ñ, wms wo f,dl= ixúOdkhla fkdjqk;a jev lrk is,j a f.ka fï rgg fï md,kh iúu;a lrkak lrmq wmrdOhg
ia:dhS;dj" 4' f.jqï fYaI iu;=,s;;djh" 5' idOdrK;ajh" 6' ;sridr ck;djf.a we;a; mokula" iïnkaO;djhla ;sfnk ;uqkk a dfia,d fï rfÜ ck;djf.ka iudj b,a,kjo lsh,'
ixj¾Okh hk mokïh' fïjdg wod, jk jeo.;au idOl folla ixúOdkhla njg Tmamq lr ;sfnkjd' wo fu;ekg ;uqkakdfia,d lshkjo" fï rfÜ fou< ck;djg whs;shla
jkafka wOHdmkh yd fi!LHhs' ,xldfõ ienE fiajd úhqla;sh 25] lg weú,a,d bkakjd jevlrk ck;djf.a kdhlfhda ;sfhkjd" fï rfÜ bkakd cd;shla yeáhg kscìula ;sfhkjd"
wêlh' wd¾Ól jDêh iïnkaOfhka wdKavqfõ m%;sm;a;sh jkafka há;,
myiqlï i|yd muKla rcfha wdfhdack fh§uh' ksIamdok lghq;= .Kkdjla' f¾,a¨j" úÿ,s n, uKav,h" rdcH wxYh" Tjqkag thg whs;shla fokak ´kE lsh,@ fldfydu;a kE'
i|yd wdfhdack úfoia yd foaYSh fm!oa.,sl wdfhdaclhkag mejf¾' nexl= wxYh" .=rejre fï iEu wxYhlu jevlrk fï wdKavqfõ fudlgo úreoaO@ fudfydlgj;a úreoaO kE'
ñ, ia:dhS;djla ke;' há;, myiqlï i|yd .kakd Kh f.ùug ck;dj iu. wfma iïnkaOh fï iNdfjka fmakjd' t<shg jegqk ksid lE .ykj' tfyu úreoaO;ajfhka ke;akï
mdßfNda.sl nÿ by< ±óu;a" ksIamdokhg Rcqj iïnkaO fkdjk fï B<Õg wms iuiudc úma,jldÍ woyi fkdkj;ajd fï wdKavqj tlal yemafmkak nE' fï wdKavqj .;a; uQ,sl
úhoï ksid we;sjk WoaOukh;a ksid tjekakla wfmalaId l< fkdyels bÈßhg f.ke;a ;sfnkjd' u;jdohla f.dv k.,d l%h s d ud¾. jerÈ kï" fï ixj¾Okh jerÈ kï tal meyeÈ,s
h' f.jqï fYaI iu;=,s;;djla .ek l:d lsÍugj;a fkdyelafla wdydr ;sfnkjd' wms ,snr,ajdohg" OfkaYjr Ñka;khg" lrkak mq¿jka fjkak ´kE'
ksIamdokh iïnkaOfhka mj;sk widr m%;sm;a;Ska ksid wdkhk blaujk ck;djdÈ woyia j,g" iNd.jdohg úreoaOj" iEu
wmKhk OdÍ;djla .ek is;Sugj;a neß ksid h' WoaOuKhg wkqj
jegqma jeä fkdlrk" fi!LH yd wOHdmkh mqoa.,SlrKh lrk ;;a;ajh iq¿OfkaIj a r woyilgu úreoaOj woyila f.dv k.,d tlai;a cd;sl mCIh wmsg lshkj" rks,a úl%uisxy mrK
;=< mdßfNdackh lmamdÿ lsÍu úkd wdodhï úIu;djh wvqùula isÿ bÈßhg f.k;a ;sfhkjd' tal j¾Okh lrñka bÈßhg w.;s.dñhd" fld<U yf;a kdhlhd" tal ksid fuhd whska
fkdfjhs' ta wkqj idOdrK;ajh .ek l=uk l;do@ ksIamdok lafIa;%hkaf.a f.khkak wmg mq¿jkalu ;sfhkjd' wms jdo lr, lrkak ´kE lsh,' whska lr, ljqo f.akafka@ u,a jÜá
ixj¾Okh foia úfoia mqoa.,sl wxYfha l%shdldÍ;ajhg iSud lr we;s Èk,d ;sfhkjd' lreKq iys;j fmkak,d mrdchka wrka hk flfkla ;uhs thd,d f.akak hkafka' u,ajÜá
;;= ;=< rfÜ wdydr ksIamdok lDIsl¾ufha j¾Okhla n,dfmdfrd;a;= lr, ;sfhkjd' ta Wv ;uhs wmg fï Yla;h s ;sfhkafka' j,ska foaYmd,kh lrk whf. foaYmdkh .ek wms okakjd'
úh fkdyel' ukao" wdydr ksIamdok lDIsl¾uh i|yd mqoa.,sl wxYh u;jdohla ;sfnk" mx;s mokula ;sfnk ixúOdkhla kej;;a fï f.dvkef.kafka isxy, fn!oaO kdhlfhla ;uhs'
m%d.aOkh fhduq fkdlrk ksidh' fï lafIa;%fha j¾Okhla ke;s ;dla f,ihs wms bkafka' ta ksid fï wdKavqfõ foaYfødays" fuhdg rfÜ n,h w,a, .kak kï" ck;dj rjÜg.kak kï
l,a ;sridr ixj¾Okhla .ek l;d lsÍu u ñ;Hdjls'
ck;d føday"s cd;sjd§-hqOjd§-;%i;a jd§ md,khla f.k fudllao lrkak ´kE@ tfyu kï kï uyskao lrmq
ta wkqj uyskao md,khg lsisu f,ilska ,xldfõ ck Ôú;h f.dv hk fï kdhl;ajhg úreoaOj l%h s d;aul ùug" n,hla foaj,au lrkak ´fka' tfyu l<du kdhlfhla jqK yelsh's
ke.sh yels ixj¾Okhla l< yelshhs is;Su u ñ;Hdjls' ta muKg f.dvke.Sug wmsg yelshdj ;sfnkjd' t;fldg úl,am kdhlhd uyskaof.u ms<srejla yeáhg
úfoia m%d.aOkh" ixpdrl jHdmdrh" foaYSh bvlvï iïm;a úlsKSu t<shg tkjd' fld<U yf;a kdhl rks,a úl%uisxyj whska
mokï lr .;a Tyqf.a cdjdrïjd§ ixj¾Ok wfmalaId ,xldfõ wd¾Ólh wo fï rfÜ hqoaOh ksid w;s úYd, úkdYhla isÿ lr," fld<U tfla kdhlhd tkjd' talo fï rfÜ wjYH;dj@
mßmQ¾K fidaodmd¨jla njg m;a lrñka" wkd:Ndjh" ÿ.SNdjh yd ú/ fj,d ;sfhkjd' hqoaOh fï rgg lsisu hym;la"
lshdj" ukaofmdaIKh yd jix.; frda. m;=rejd yßk Wjÿrla njg fi!Nd.Hla" jákdlula tla lr, kE' W;=re kef.kysr
m;a jkjd ksh;h' yh jk msgqjg'''''''''''
m%foaY j, ck;djf.a YsIaGdpdrh úkdY lr ou,"
 4 ck'$fmn' 2011

,sfhda fgda,aiafgdahs ^1828 - 1910&

fgda,aiafgdahs f.a Y; ixj;airh miqúh' th jljdkqj isysm;a lrjkakls' tod foaYSh yd mQ ¾ K;a j h ^Inner self -
kshñ;j ;snqfka 2010 fkdjeïn¾ 10 úfYaIfhka úfoaYSh m%d.aOkfha jefvk wdêm;H perfection& u.ska m%S;sh yd
jeksodgh' ta lsisu ioaonoaohla ke;sjh' úiska reishdkq iudcfha uy;a úm¾hdihka isÿ iduh f.k tk fY%aIaG hhs Tyq
ikafâ ghsïia mqj;am;;a" ,xld§m mqj;am;;a lf<a h' lDIsld¾ñl ksIamdokfha ksr; ck;dj ie,l+ mk;a j, tk ;ukaf.a
fgda,aiafgdahs Y; ixj;airh iïnkaOfhka jevjiï bvï ysñhkaf.ka uqod ksoyi;a" wi,ajeishdg fm%au lsÍu
reishdkq ck;dj;a ksyËj isá nj jd¾;dlr fi!Hd.Hh;a ,nd foa hhs l,amkd l<o" isÿjQfha wdÈhhs' ta w;r Tyq ±rE
;snqKs' ta wo fgda,aiafgdahs iïnkaOfhka f.dúìïj,ska t<shg jefgñka wkd:j uy;a úYajdihka wkqj fï
idlÉPdjla we;s lsÍug ;rï Tyq .ek okakd" úkdYhla lrd .uka lsÍug fndfyda ck;djlg l%sia;shdks W.ekaùï u.ska
ke;skï u;l we;s lsisjl= ke;s ksido@ to;a isÿùu jQ w;r" ld,lkakslu" ixialD;Ska uv f.k tk wúysxidj"
wo;a Tyq f .a kjl;d bla u jd hk f.dfydre njg m;a ùu isÿ úh' n,y;aldrh fkdmEu yd
úYsIa;;ajfhka hq;a m%nkaO l,d lD;ska .ek ieyeis fkdùu u.ska .egqï
lsisfjla l;d fkdl,o ,xldfõ l,dlrejkao 1861 isg osh;a jQ m%fõKsodiNdjh wfydais lsÍfï j,g uqyqK §u Tyqf.a
Tyq .ek l;d lf<a ke;' ks, m%;sixialrK u.ska isÿ jQfha lDIsld¾ñl o¾Ykfha m%;HlaI jQ
.ïudk meyer .ekSfï yd uxfld,a,lEfï n,h .= K dx.hla úh' Tyq f .a
fgda,aiafgdahs Ôj;a jQ reishdj Tyqf.a Okm;shdg iy nÿ whlrkakdg ndr §u muKs' Ôú;fha wjidk oYl fol ;=<
urKfhka i;a jirlg miq lïlre mx;sh Y; j¾I .Kkdjla meje;s f.dú wd¾Ólfha yd ,shQ ,sms u.ska fyf;fï rdcH
n,h msysgjQ úma,jh isÿ lf<a h' kuq;a Tyq f.dú Ôú;fha merKs moku widudkH fõ.hlska ms<sn| wrdðljd§ woyia
;u Ôú; ld,h ;=<§ wfmalaId l< hqla;s iqkanqka leßKs'

kjl;dlrejd"
mqkreÉpdrKh lrkq ±lsh
iy.; ksoyia iudch wka;su jYfhka ta
jevlrk ck;djf.a ch.%yKfha m%ÓM, f,i
fyda bgq jQfha ke;' wo jk úg ta reishdj o
fgd,aiafgdahsf.a lD;Ska w.h l< hq;af;a j¾;udk
iudcjdoh ke;skï lïlre mx;s jHdmdrh
mokï lrf.k fkdfõ' Okjdofha j¾Okh i|yd
yelsh' ta w;r Tyq fï
u;jdofha kHdhOrhka jQ
mDDfodka yd fl%dfmdÜlska
kjl;dlrejd"
hd yd
od¾YKslhd yd
f.da,Sh Okjdofha fldgila njg m;a ù ;sfí' jekakjQkaf.a fmd;a lshjk
wo ^f.da,Sh& m%d.aOkfha wdêm;Hh ish¨u ck;djg whs;s bvlvï j, whs;sh ke;s lrñka f,i ;u mdGlhkag ks¾foaY
foaYmd,k l%shdud¾.hka wNsnjd isákafka fmr Tjqka úkdY uqLhg fy,Su .ek úfrdaOh mEu hk lf<ah' 1900 § Tyq fufia ,sùh
ljodj;a isÿ fkdjQ wdldrhg h' m%d.aOkfha moku u; msysgd h' fuu úfrdaOh .fuka u;= úh ~~ The Anarchists are right in
hq;a;la u úh' fufia reishdfõ OfkaYajr úma,jh

foaYmd,k{hd
ixflakaøKh wo isák uÜgu tlS ;;a;ajhka everything; in the negation of
ks¾udkh lr we;=jd fiau" ;uka fuf;la <Õd jk úg fldaá ixLHd; reishdkq f.dú existing order, and in the
úksúo hEug wjia:dj fkd,o m%foaYhka lrd ck;dj w;r my< jQ yeÕSï j, yd woyia j, assertion that, without
jHma; ùug igka je§ isà' ta u.ska ;=kajk m%ldYlhd yeáhg f,kska fgda,aiafgdahs j Authority, there could not be
f,dalfha b;sßj mj;sk hemqï lDIsl¾u ye¢kaùh' f,kska jeäÿrg;a fmkajd fokafka worse violence than that of
rgdjka" tajdfha ksr; ñksiqkao iuÕska fvdai¾ fgd,aiafgdahsf.a woyiays m%;súfrdaO;d we;a;
jYfhkau fï úma,jfha ;uka i;= fldgi rÕmEu
Authority under existing rk;a l=udrisxy
lrf.k hñka isák w;r" ;ukaf.a ksYap, conditions. But it will be
ksIamdok ú§ka yd Ôjk rgdjka /l .ekSug i|yd f.dú ck;dj yuqfõ meje;s m%;súfrdaë
;;a;ajhkays levm;la njhs' tla w;lska ro< instituted only by there being more and more f.dú ck;dj flfrys jQfha b;d jHdl+,"
wdhqO ikakoaOj fyda fkdue;sj igka lrk
mSvkh;a" oYl lsysmhla meje;s iS>% mYapd;a people who do not require the protection of f.dryeä" mS;DuQ,sl" w¾O wd.ñl woyils'
iq¿ cd;sl m%cdjka" f.da;%sl msßia tkï
m%;sixialrK u.ska we;s l< oßø;djh" ffjrh government power. There can be only one f.dú ck;djg ;u w;S;fha hq. .Kka ;=<
ieneúka u hemqï lDIsl¾ufha ksr; f.dùka
yd wm%ikak;dj yd n,dfmdfrd;a;= iqkaù hEu permanent revolution- a moral one; the W.kajd ;snqfKa bvï ysñhdg;a" ks,Odßhdg;a
yd ëjrhka yd i;=ka we;slrkakka g úreoaO
uy;a fia j¾Okh lroa§" bvï ysñhka yd bvï regeneration of the inner man. ~~ Tyq ffjr lsÍug úkd fmr lS m%Yakj,g ms<s;=re
~~;%ia;jdohg tfrys hqoaOh~~ kQ;k Okjdofha
ysñ wdKavqj iïmQ¾Kfhkau w;=.d ±óug;a" bvï foaúhkajykafia f.a rdcOdksh mj;skafka Tn fiùug kï fkdfõ' tkï ~~mS;DuQ,sl .ïno
f.da,Sh wd¾Ól l%shdodufha m%Odk foaYmd,k
whs;sh ms<sn| merKs l%u úkdY lsÍug;a" ;=< hhs lSfõh' m,a,sh yd rdcH tl f.dfâ oud uq.aOlfuys yd iqmqreÿ ksjgNdjfha ms<sìUqjls'~~
bÈß o¾YKh ù ;sfí' ta u.ska Tjqkaf.a
fmd,sia-foam, ysñ mx;s" rch fjkqjg ksoyia úfõpkh l< Tyq" úfYaIfhka kj foam, kS;s hkakh' fgd,afgdahs iïnkaOfhka f,kska l<
iïm%odhsl f.dúìï" ;K ìï" u;aiH ìï
iudk l=vd f.dú m%cdjla we;s lsÍug;a woyia úfõpkhg ,la lf<ah' Tyq rdcH ye¢kajQfõ fï úfõpkh Tyqf.a l%sia;shdks" wrdðljd§
j,ska Tjqkaj m,jd yßñka" tajd ;ukaf.a
bÈßm;a l< l%sia;shdks u;jdohka o Tyq ;=<ska lDDr n,fõ.hkaf.a iyfhda.h ,nk" u;jdohka .ek úh' ta w;r fgda,aiafgdahsf.a
fidndoyu uyd mßudkfhka iQrdlk jdKsc
u;= jQfha h' mdmsIaGhkaf.a uQ,sl;ajfhka mj;sk wdh;khla idys;H lD;s yeoEÍfuka reishdkq lïlre
lDIsl¾uh i|yd" ke;skï fjk;a ,dN odhl
f,ih' fyd¢ka ixúOdkh jQ rdcHhlg jvd mx;shg ;u i;=rka f.a iajNdjh jvd;a
lafIa;% njg mßj¾;kh lr .ekSug mshjr
Tyqf.a wrdðljd§ woyia fï u;jdohkaf.a uxfld,a,lrejka Nhdkl lñka wvq njo Tyq pu;aldrckl whqßka y÷kd .ekSug W.; yels
.ksñka ;sfí' fufia ixj¾Okfha kdufhka isÿ
úldYkhla f,i ks.ukh l< yelsh' ck lSh' nj f,kska fmkajd ÿkafka h' ta w;ru
flfrk ck;dj Wkaysá ;eka j,ska m,jd
Ôú;fha úkdYhkag fya;=j" jrm%ido ,oaojqkaf.a fgd,aiafgdahsf.a u;jdohka úNd. lsÍfuka uq¿
yeÍï u.ska" ;u Ôjk ud¾. wysñj .sh kj
rdcHhhs Tyq ie,lSh' fï rdcH ÿ.Ska u; mgjd kuq;a wfkla w;ska n,k l, fgd,aiafgdahs weoyQ uy;a reishdkq ck;djgu ;ukaf.a ÿ¾j,lï"
Y%ñl n,ldhla f.dvkef.k w;r" wfkla
we;s nrla nj;a" rdcHhlska f;drj tluq;=j Ôj;a fï ksoyia iudkd;au;d iudch flnkaola úh ;ukaf.a úuqla;s wfmalaIdjka ch .ekSug
miska Okm;s iudcfha isÿ flÍf.k hk
ùu fï nfrka .e,ùug we;s tlu úi÷u nj;a yelso@ fï ksoyi Èkd.; yels wr.,h l=ulao@ wjia:dj ke;s lr ±uQ u;jd§ ÿ¾j,lï
ixialD;sl úm¾hdihka u.ska my< uOHu
Tyq úYajdi lf<ah' Tyq mqoa.,sl foam, whs;shg;a" tys kdhlfhda ljryq o@ f.dú úma,jfha ljf¾±hs wjfndaO lr.ekSug yels jk nj
mx;sfha isg by<g ±jeka; iudc w¾nqohka o
újdy ixia:djg;a úreoaO jQjd fiau" ks¾u,Ndjh wjYH;d ms<sn| Okm;s mka;sfhys yd Okm;s f,kska jeä ÿrg;a
cks; lrñka ;sfí'
^chastity& yd ,sx.sl l%shdldÍ;ajfhka je,lSu nqoaêu;=kaf.a wdl,amh l=ula o@ bvï ysñhkaf.a
fï ;;a;ajh tla;rd wdldrhlg fgda,aiafgdahs ms<sn| woyia o w.h lf<ah' Tyq m,a,sh fyda rdcH mSvkh uq¿uKskau wfydais lsßu i|yd id¾
f.a f,aLl Èúfha wdrïNh;a" úldYkh;a isÿ jQ u.ska u. fmkajk l%sia;shdksh fkdms<s.;a w;r" md,kh n,fhka fmr,d ±ñh hq;af;a wehs@ hk yh jk msgqjg'''''''''''
i;H l%sia;shdksh f,i ms<s.;af;a wNHka;r iaj- lreKq .ek kj Ôjk l%uhla i|yd igka lrk

wjrq eÿ 60 lg fmr úm, a jfhka ìys jQ Ök w¾: Ydi; a {% khka lreKq 03la olj a h's my<
uyck iuy Q dKdva jq ;<
= wd¾Ól fCI; a f%ha k,s Orh yeu ùgu w¾:l s j¾Ok fõ.h
nrm;, fjkil a ï /ila iÿsfjñka mj;'S mj;j a d .eku S m<
s n
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cmdk wd¾Ólhka blu a jd hk ;rfï lÍ
s u" wdÞdhï fn§ hEfï ±ä úIu;djh yd
±jek; a wd¾Ól j¾Okhla w;l a r .kñ s ka wOHdmk" fi!LH jeks fCI; a % i|yd ;ukfa.a
ià
s ' bmehï S j,k s a ie,lh s h; q = fldgila jeh
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s ug iÿsù ;î s u o fõ' fï ih s ,,
a Ökh ;< =
Ökh w;s uOH.; yd ie,iï q iy.; Okjdoh f.dvke.fSï úmdlhka f,i
wd¾Ólhl ig s Bkh s d iudcjd§ fjf<| ye¢kú a h yelh s '
wd¾Ólhla njg mßj¾;kh ù we;'
wd¾Ólfha rdcH wxYfha odhl;j a h 1978 1949 ig s Ökh fldñhk q Ü s ia mCIfha
ih
s hg 77'6 la jQ w;r" 2007 jk úg th wd{dÞdhlj a h hgf;a md,kh jk w;r"
29'5] olj a d my; jeà ;fsí' mdßfNd. a l s udkj yñ s lï oreKq f,i W,, a x>Kh flf¾'
NdKv a j,k s a 98] lo" kI s ma dok NdKv a j,k s a ud´f.a ld,fh§a fndfyda noqO a u;k = a hgm;a
95] lo ñ, ;r S Kh lrkQ ,nkfaka rch lr oukq ,eny Q ' uyd È.= .uk yd nf,ka
úik s a fkdj moq. a ,l s wxYh u.k s 's fuu my
s gs jkq ,enQ fldñhk q a lu % h ;k = a wjr q eÿ
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wkq j úfoa Y s l hka g bvï ñ,§ .ekS u g
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uqo,a j, w.h ì| jeàug idfmalaIj .Kka
b,lalï j, we;s jk fjkia lï u.ska
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fï i;H
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tfia ;sìh§ wdKavqj lshkafka ,nk jif¾
nÿ wdodhu ì,shk 862 la Wmhkakg hk
njh' fï kï woaN+;hls' ukao h;a 2010
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729 l nÿ wodhu ±ka 720 la muKla jkq
we;s nj ;lafiare lr ;sìh § ,nk jif¾
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lr ;s f í' fï fmr ls h Q 41] ck;dj
id.skafka ;eîfuka fkdjkafka o@
ta w;r wmg fmfkkafka mdßfNda.sl NdKav
ksIamdokh j¾Okh lsÍu flf¾ olajk
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lDIsl¾ufhks' kuq;a th wo jk úg 12]
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wdydr øjH wdkhkhg lrk úhou fojeks
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w;r ,xldfõ jeäu ÿ.S N djh mj;s k
Èia;%slalh njg W;=re ueo m,d; m;a ù
;sîu fmkajkafka lDIsl¾ufha brKuhs'
mej;s yd mj;sk rchkaf.a cdjdrïjd§
wd¾Ól m%;sm;a;sfha fYdaldka;h fuhhs'
wh jeh úiska fmkajkafka wdKavqj úiska
wdfhdackh lrkafka uxudj;a" .=jkaf;dgqm,"
jrdh wd§ há;, myiqlï i|yd muKla
njh' túg l¾udka; fyda lDIsld¾ñl"
fydag,a wd§ ksIamdok yd fiajd wxY i|yd
mqoa.,sl wdfhdack meñKsh hq;=h' kuq;a
iq ¿ mßudk .eñ wdydr ks I a m dokh
lDIsl¾uh i|yd ^OdkH" t<j¨" i;a;aj
md,kh yd ëjr l¾udka;h& uyd mßudk
m%d.aOkh fï rgj,a ;=<§ fhduq jkafka
ke;'
ta wkqj ;j ÿrg;a wdydr ksIamdok foaYSh
ldIsl¾uh m%d.aOk ysÕfhka fmf,kakdjQ
yd cdjdrïlrejkaf.a ;a ±jeka; is,a,r
fj<odï iud.ï j,;a .%yKh ksid wka;
ÿ.SNdjhg m;a f.dùkaf.a wdhdihg muKla
iSud jkq we;'
fï iïnkaOfhka flakaia ;ukaf.a ~~fiajd
kshlq ;
a h
s " fmd<sh ms<n
s | fmdÿ kHdh~~ lD;sfha
Wmqgd ;sfnk uekafâj,a f.a mdGhl fufia
i|yka lr ;sfí' ~~''''''rcfha fojeks j.lSu
kï ñksid fukau uq¿ uy;a fmdf<da ;,h
o fjfyi ù lrk lDIs l ¾udka ; h yd
ëjr l¾udka;h tajdfha ish¨u wxYhka
wvx.= jk mßÈ Èß .ekaùuhs' cd;Skaf.a
fY%aIaG;ajh yd fi!Nd.H wfmalaId l<
hq;af;a fuu m%;sm;a;sfhka úkd" ks¾f,daNSlu
yd iliqreju ms<sn| iq¿ iq¿ kS;s Í;s
u.ska fkdfõ' ula ksid o h;a" rka j, yd
ߧ j, jákdlu by< ke.= k o" my;
fy¨ko" ish¨u iudchkays m%S;sh
ksrka;rfhka r|d mj;skqfha fmdf<dfjka
,efnk M, iy ñksia Y%uh u; o jk
ksid fï folu tlaj .;a l," th n%iS,fha
rkaj,g fyda fmdfgdaisys ߧ j,g fyda
jvd ksh; jQ;a" úmq, jQ;a" uQ¾; jQ;a Okhla
jk neúks'''''~~
ta w;r whjeh lshkafka" miq.sh jir
fol ;=k ;=<§ ú/lshdj 2005 § meje;s
7'5] uÜgfï isg 2009 § 5'8] olajd wvq
lr.;a njhs' fï m%;sY; i;H fmkajkafka
ke;' fï wi;Hfha ;ru fmkajkafka b;du
ÿ.S m,d; yeáhg ie,flk W;=re ueo
m,d; ,xldfõ wvqu ú/lshdj mj;sk m,d;
ùu u.sks' wvqu ú/lshdj we;s m,d; ¥.Su
ck;dj fjfik m,d;la jkafka flfia o@
fï úYauh okjk f;dr;=rej, f;areu l=ula
o@ tkï lDIs l d¾ñl m% f oa Y j, mj;s k
W!k fiajd kshqla;sfha ;ru h' fuys§ f;areï
.; hq;af;a ,xldfõ fiajd kshqla;slfhl=
yeáhg ie,flkafka i;shla ;=<§ wju
jYfhka Èk folla fyda jev lrk wfhls'
ta wkqj idudkHfhka uilg Èk 08 la
jevlrkafkl= mQ¾K fiajd kshqla;slfhla
yeáhg ie,fla' fjk;a jpk j,ska lshkafka
kï ,xldfõ Èklg meh folhs úkdä 10
l jevl fhfokafkl= mQ¾K fiajd
kshqla;slfhls' fufia W!K fiajd kshqla;sh
u; mj;sk wka; ÿ.SNdjh .Kka n,kafka
ke;sj" th wju lsÍug wod, wdfhdack
fhduq lrkafka ke;sj /lshd úhqla;sh .ek
ixLHd bÈßm;a lsÍu u.ska n,j;a ñ;Hdjla
cks; lrhs'
ta w;r ;reK fmf,a ú/lshdj tkï jhi
15-29 w;r ú/lshdj 15'08] la nj wu;l
fkdl< hq;=h' tys f;areu kï ,xldfõ
i;H f,i wju jYfhka fyda ie,ls h
yels ú/lshdj 25] la muK jk njh'
hï fyhlska úfoia /lshdj, fhfok ,laI
18 la jQ ,dxlslhka ,xldj ;=,u /lshd
wfmalaId l,dkï ;;a;ajh l=ula±hs Tnu
jgyd .; hq;=h' fï úfoia /lshd lrkakka
,xldjg tjk uqo,a m%udKh 2010 § 13'4]
lska by, .sh w;r th
weußldkq fvd,¾ ñ,shk 2814
la úh' ±ka fï uqo, fhdodf.k
fvd,¾ ñ,shk 6000 la fj;ehs
i,lk fj<| ys . h wju lr .ekS u g
wdKavqj jEhï lrhs' fï whjefhka fï
m%Yakh .ek l;d lr j;a ke;s w;r"
WmdêOdÍka ms ß ilg /ls h d fok njg
fmdfrdkaÿ ù ;sfí' fïjd úYajdi l<
yels o @ wfkla me;a f ;ka ks I a m dokhg
iïnkaO jHdmD;sj,g wod, fkdjk /
lshd j,ska foaYmd,lhka jdishla .kakjd
úkd ck;djg kï fi;la jkafka ke;'
miq.sh jljdkqfõ ú/lshdj wvq ùu ms<sn|
ixLHd ieliSfï § ksIamdokhg iïnkaOhla
ke;s ikakoaO yuqod" fmd,sis" .%dudrlaIl"
isú,a wdrlaIl we;=¨ fulS fkdlS hqoaOdY%s;
/lshd oi oyia .kKska ìys lf<a h' fï
/lshd cd;sl wdodhu jeälr fmkaùug
úkd tl mdßfNda.sl NdKavhla ksIamdokhg
wod, fkdjQjd muKla fkdfõ' ta fjkqjg
f.j,a fodrj,a" foam," f.dv.eiQ wiajkq
iu;,dlr ±óug ;=vqÿkafka h' fï úkdYh
fjkqfjka l< úhoï ish,a, Kh f,iska
f.dv .eiS ;sfí' wdKavqfõ nÿ wdodhu
uq¿uKskau Kh jdßl yd fmd,S f.ùug
jeh ùug ;rï Kh nrla we;s ù we;af;a
fï hqoaOh ksidh' fï hqO Kh hqoaOh
yudrfha § yeisfrkafka fjk;a lghq;a;lg
.;a Kh fia u h' tajd f.úh hq;=h'
Tlaia*¾â úYaj úoHd,fha foaYmd,k wd¾Ól
úoHdj ms<sn| uydpd¾hjrhl= jQ fÊ'wd¾'
yslaia fï .ek fufia is;a ldjÈk whqßka
meyeÈ,s lr ;sfí' ~~'''''hqoaOhla mj;sk l,"
wdKavqj,g ±Íug isÿjk w;sf¾l úhofuka
úYd, fldgila ,nd .kafka Kh j,ska
ñi whnÿ j,ska fkdfõ' wm hqoaO i|yd
lrk úhou fmdÿ mßfNdackfha fldgila
f,i ie,lSug ;SrKh l< úg" hqoaO i|yd
lrk Kh .ekSu" mdßfNdack lghq;= i|yd
uqo,a kdia;sldrhl= lrk Kh .ekSug
iudk f,i ie,lSug wms ne£ isáuq' ;ud
úiska f.úh hq;= cd;sl Khla we;s nj;a"
ta i|yd fmd,S f.úh hq;= nj;a ^cd;sl
Kh j,ska fndfyduhla miq.sh hqoaOj,ska
Wreu jQ tajd fõ'& hqoaOh wjidk jQ úg
wdKavqjg fmfkkq we;' tfy;a hqoaOh i|yd
.;a Kh j,ska ,nd .;a lsis Ok NdKavhla
fkd;sfnk w;r" ta ksid jHdmdßl wdh;k
úiska f.ùug we;s Kh j,§ fuka fï
Kh i|yd f.ùug we;s fmd,S fjkqfjka
,efnk ,dNhla ke;' fï fjkqfjka f.ùug
we;s fmd,S ,nd .ekSu i|yd wjqreÿ m;d
w;sf¾l wh nÿ ,nd .ekSug isÿfõ' fï
w;sf¾l wh nÿ rch wjqreoao ;=< fmdÿ
fiajdjkag f.ùu i|yd ,nd .kakd whnÿ
yd iudkj whnÿ f.jkakdf.a ksfhdað;hd
fuka l% s h d ls Í u ks i d ^rch& lrk
mdßfNdack úhoula f,i ie,lsh
fkdyel'''''~~
Tyq ;jÿrg;a" hqoaOh wjidkfha§ ta i|yd
fhdod.;a Ng msßia j,g jegqma f.ùu"
urKhg m;a jQ j ka f .a jka È yd úY% d u
jegqma" úY%du hk Nghkaf.a úY%du jegqma
hkd§ kj .eg¿ rdYshlg ;=Ügqjl fohla
ks I a m dokh ùfuka f;drj uq y q K §ug
isÿjk whqre is;a ldjÈk whqre meyeÈ,s
lr we;'

;=ka jk msgqfjka'''''''''''
iudc m% c d;ka ; % j doh'''''
tfyu kdhlfhlaf.ka fï rfÜ jevlrk
ck;djg fiajhla fjhso@ fou< ck;djf.a
m%Yakh úif|hso@ ta ksid wmg isoaO fjkjd
fïlg úreoaOj" rfÜ ienE m%cd;%ka;%jdoh
fjkq f jka fmkS is á ka k mq ¿ jka fldgia "
cd;sjdohg úreoaOj fmkS isák fldgia"
cd;Hka;r n,fõ. fï rgg lvd mkskjdg
úreoaOj isák fldgia tl;= lr,d n,fõ.hla
f.dv k.kak'
wms lshkafka kE yefudagu k'i'i'm' wms lshk
u;hg tkak lsh,' wms lshkafka kE yefudau
iajhx;SrK whs;h s ms<.s kak lsh,' wms lshkafk
kE fou< ck;djf.a kscìfï whs;sh ms<s.kak
wh tlal ú;rhs wms l:d lrkafk lsh,'
kuq;a cd;sjdohg úreoaO fjkak cd;sjd§ l%shd
ud¾. mrdch lrkak tlÕ fjkak" iudcjdohg
tkak lsh, wms lshkafka kE' kuq;a f.da,Sh
Okjdoh fï rgg lvdmek, iïm;a Wÿr.kak
tlghs wms úreoaO' fï hqoaOh fudlgo lf<a@
fï rg uxfld,a, lkak' ´kEu rgl hqoaOhla
lrkafka ta rg uxfld,a, lkak' fï hqoaOhg
ljqo Woõ jqfka@ bkaÈhdkqq fldaám;sfhda"
weußldkq fldám;sfhda" hqfrdamdkq fldaám;sfhda'
fï f.d,af,d fï hqoaOhg Woõ jqfka wehs@ fï
rg uxfld,a, lkak' wfma rfÜ isxy, cd;sh
BY%dh,a hqfoõ cd;sfha ;;a;ja hg m;afj,d' hqfoõ
cd;sh kv;a;= fjkafka weußldkq msysfgka' ta
jf.a uyskao rdcmCIf.a cd;sh kv;a;= fjkafka
f.da,h
S Okjdofha msyfs gka' tfyu kv;a;= fjk
rchla njg m;afj,d rg úkdY l<d" ck;dj
úkdY l<d' talg taldêm;s md,khla we;s
l<d' ck;dj Kh l<d' yeu tldu ÿlaú¢k
;ekg m;alr,d ;sfhkjd' tal fldfyduo
fi!Nd.Hla fjkafka@ hqoaOh yeu me;af;kau
úkdYhla'
fï rfÜ wdydr j.dj" ëjr l¾udka;h ish,a,
úkdY lr,d ;sfhkafka' ta fjkqjg fndre
ixj¾Okhla f.kshkak f,dalhg Kh fj,d'
ldgo fï ixj¾Okh jqjukd fj,d ;sfhkafka@
cd;Hka;r fldïmeKsldrhkag"
fldka;d% ;aldrhskg
a ' fïjdhska ;=Ügq Nd.hlj;a
jákd lula ;shkjo ck;djg@
ta ksid fï ;;ajhg úreoaOj" wms fï rfÜ
idOdrK;ajh we;s lrkak mq¿jka iudc
m%cd;%k;
a jd§ fldgia tl;= lrf.k" wmsg mq¿jka
kï bÈßhg hkak" wkak talhs wmg fï fj,dfõ
wjYHh'
wo fï rg cd;Hka;r fldïmeKsldrhhskag
ndr foka k g wdKa v q j g .s y s , a , d bka k "
weußlkaldrhskg a " bkaÈhkaldrhskga mdjd fok
ñksiaiq nexls uQkag úreoaOhs¨' wehs nexls uQkag
úreoaO@ wehs weußlka tïnishla ;sfhkafka@
tlai;a cd;Skaf.a ld¾h uKav,hla fuys
;sfhkafka fudlgo@ tfyukx hqfrdamd tïnishla
;sfhkafka fudlgo@ nexls uQkaj;a tmd" WU,;a
tmd lsh, .y, t,jm,a,d' tfyu lsh,
úma,jldÍ jevla lrkjo@ keyefka' wehs nexlska
m<uq jk msgqfjka'''''''''''
ixj¾Okh i|yd'''''''
wêldßfha iNdm;s cdkl l=rel=,iQßh mjid
;snqfka fï mjq,a ±kg Ôj;ajk ksjdi bj;a
ls Í u fld<U k.r ixj¾Ok ie,eia f ï
fldgila nj h' Tyq ;jÿrg;a mjid we;af;a
fldïm[a[ùÈfha jdih lrk mjq,a fjk;a
;ekaj, mÈxÑ lsÍu i|yd Tjqkaf.a úia;r
tl;= lrñka isák njh'
fuys§ fï Wkayá;eka w;ayer hEfï brKug
uqyK
q md isák lsre,mk yd fldïm[a[ùÈfha
ksjeishka fmkajd fokafka ;u foam,j,g ksis
jákdlula fyda ,nd §fuka f;drj tajdhska
msgux lsÍu whqla;s iy.; lDDr;r mshjrla
njhs' fuu jdiia:dk wysñùfuka ;uka
mrïmrd .Kkla ;siafia tajd f.dv ke.Su
i|yd jeh l< iïm;a ish,a,u kslïu wysñ
jk nj mjid isák Tjqyq fï jdiia:dk
yeroud fjk;a m%foaYhlg hEug isÿ jqj fyd;a"
;uka f.a /lshd fukau orejkaf.a wOHdmkh
wd§ ish,a, uy;a wjq,lg m;a jk nj o
mjid isá;s' ;u Ôjk meje;au ld,lkaKs
lr ;uka jdih lrk k.rh ixj¾Okh
lrkafka ld fjkqfjka ±hs Tjqyq j.lsjhq;a;ka
f.ka m%Yak lr;s'
zyrhZ g
odhl jkak
uilg re' 20$} ne.ska jirlg pïmsld fiarisxy" NdKavd.dßl" zyrhz" 143" lsõ mdr" fld<U 02'
re' 240$} hk ,smskhg ;eme,a lrkak'
6 ck'$fmn' 2011
uQkga úreoaO@ nexls uQka weú,a, fu;k wmrdO
l<hs lsh, fydh, cd;sjd§ hqOjdÈkaf.a cdjdrï
t<slrhs lsh, nhg' uu ys;kafka kE nexls
uQka weú,a, f,dl=jg fou< ck;djg iyk
fokakj;a" fou< ck;djg isoaO jqk wmrdO
fydhkakj;a tkj lsh,' nexkalska uQka tkafka
uyskoa rdcmCIf.a uQK fydaokak' f.da,hd uQfKa
f,a .df.k bkakjd f,daflg fmkakkak Wkag;a
,eÊchs' ta ksid thd wdjhs lsh, fou< ck;djg
fjk fi;la kE'
fou< ck;djg fi;la i,ikak rfÜ jevlrk
ck;dj" wms-;uqkk
a dfia,d tl;=fj,d" ke.sg,d
fïlg uqyK
q fokak ´kE' ta ksid ifydaorjreks"
wms bÈßfha ;s f hka f ka úYd, j.lS u la '
fndreldrfhda" jHdc kdhlfhda mq¿jka ;rï
fndrefjka ckhd rjÜg,d" wysxil ck;dj
uq,d lr,'
wo oy wg jeks jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh ;=<ska
oreKq úkdYldÍ ;;ajhlg mdr yeß, ;sfhkj'
jdikdjlg wo wdKavjq we;=f,ka fnÈ, yskoa d
uD. md,khla jf.a f.kshkak;a wudre fj,d
;sfhkjd'
wo yeu foau taf.d,a,kag lrkak mq¿jka'
Widúh" kS;h s " fmd,Sih
s Tlafldau ta f.d,a,kaf.a
hgf;a ;shdf.k bkafka' wms ±lald fmd,sisfha
ia j dëk;a j h' wms ±la l d fmd,S i s h uD.
uerjrhkag Woõ lrkafka fldfyduo lsh,'
fï fmd,Sish yuqod ol=fKa fufyu lrkjd
kï hdmfka fldfydu lrkjd weoao lsh,
ys;d.kak mq¿jka'
tal ksid fïlg úreoaOj ;uqkakdfi,d wms
ljqre;a ke.sákak ´fka' jdiqfoaj,d" ähq,d"
.=Kfialr,d" ;siai ú;drK,d l=Kqnlalshg
jeá,d ;sfhkafka' fï f.d,a,kaf.ka we;s jevla
keye' wms lshkj ta mCIj, bkakjd kï wjxl
ifydaorjre" lreKdlr, tl;=fjkak wms;a
tla l' fïl ;uhs iuiudc .uk' wmg
cd;Hka ; r jYfhkq ; a úYd, iïnka O lï
;sfhkjd' wmg ta whf.a wdOdr Wmldr we;sj
igka lrkak mq¿jka' wo wmg mq¿jka kï
ck;dj wduKa;%Kh lrkak" Yla;su;a f,i
fï rfÜ foaYmd,k jHdmdrhla f.dvk.kak
mq¿jka'
uyskao rdcmCIg ,kavka k.rfha wäh ;sh,
l:d lrkakj;a neß fj,dfõ" uu ñh.sh fou<
ck;dj iurkak ixúOdkh lrmq /iaùul
mkiaoyilg jeä fikÕlg l:d l<d' tfyu
f,dalh mqrd ck;djf.a wjOdkh wmg fhduq
lrf.k ;sfhkjd'
ta ksid wmg j.lSula ;sfhkjd wfma lghq;;a
bÈßhg f.k hkak' wmg mq¿jka wms wêIaGdk
lf<d;a" wms uykais jqfkd;a" wms l%shdldÍ
jqfkd;a fï rg ;=< idOdrKh bIag lrkak'
yeu flfkl=gu ksoyi Wodlrkak'
hymd,khla fï rg ;=< we;s lrkak' ta
j.lSu bgqlsÍu i|yd wms wo tld jf.a
lghq;= lruqhs ud b;d ifydaor;ajfhka
b,a,d isákjd'
y;r jk msgqfjka'''''''''''
;reKs h ks " ''''''''
Tyqf.a mq;%hka fofokdg fkdokakd mqoa.,hka
úiska fjä;eîfuka mQcljrhd urKhg m;a
ùu yd orejka nrm;, ;=jd, ,eîu' foie'
25- fidfrl= ÿka fndre f;dr;=re u; hdmkfha
r;arka nvq idmamqlrejkag fmd,sish myr §u'
foie'26 - j,slduïys wOHmk wOHlaIjrhdj
ksji ;=<§ fjä ;nd >d;kh lsÍu' ^Tyq
isxyf,ka cd;sl .Sh .ehSug úreoaO jQ nj
jd¾;d ù we;'& foie'30 - Wreïmsfrhs ys§ ;sia
yeúßÈ Ikauq.kdoka ú.afkaYajrkaj meyerf.k
hEu' 42 yeúßÈ rdihshd pkaøisß w;=reoyka
ùu yd Tyqf.a u< isrer Èk ;=klg miq
yuqùu' foie'31 - iqÿ jEka ßhlska meñK ore
ih fofkl=f.a ujla jQ fhda.kdoka mqIamd
foaù meyerf.k hEu yd ikakoaO
;=jlal=lrejka úiska jvudrÉÑys§ 28 yeúßÈ
f;ajrdcd j urd ±óu' ckjdß 01 - Wreïmsfrhs
ys tia' f.damskd;a kue;s ;%S ù,a r: ßheÿrd
w;=reoyka ùu' udksmdhsys ldka;djlg W,a
wúhlska wek weh me<e| isá rka wdNrK
fld,a,lEu' ck' 06 - hdmkh k.rfha §
uxfld,a,lEfï fhÿkq EPDP idudðlfhl=
yuqodj u.ska w;awvx.=jg f.k fmd,sishg
ndr §u'
jd¾;d jk whqre hdmkh wrOoaùmfha iEu
jeishka 06 fofkl=gu tla wdrlaIl Nghl=
ne.ska isà' fï w;r" fujka jQ Wmfoia iys;
m;% s l d fn§ula yd Yío úldYk fhdod
uyckhdg lreKq lsSula jõkshdj k.rfha o
miq.shod isÿ flreKq nj jd¾;d úh'
uqo,a tùfï§ fldïm[a[ùÈh ;eme,a yf,ka udre lr.; yels f,i uqo,a
weKjqula fyda fldu¾I,a nexl=fõ wxl 8480005295 orK .sKqug ner
lr" wod, l=ú;dkaish
;=ka jk msgqfjka'''''''''''
kj l;dlrejd"''''
fmkajd ÿkafkah' tys § fgda,fa gdahs úiska f;areï
.ekSfuka f;drj jqj oafõY lrk ,oaod jQ
merKs f,dalh úkdY lsÍfï" tlu yelshdj
orkd mx;sh l=ula ±hs wjfndaO lr.ekSu
w;HdjYH njo f,kska wjOdrKh lf<ah'
1961 miq wv ishjilg lsÜgq reishdkq b;sydifha
mriamrhka fgda,i a fa gdahfs .a ~~wekd lerKskd~~^1875-
77& l;dfõ f,úka kï pß;h u.ska b;d meyeÈ,s
f,i fgda,ia fa gdahs ksrEmkh lf<a h' tys § f,kska
is;kafka wo ;sfnk tlu jeo.;a foh jkafka
wiajekak yd l=,Slrejka fhoùu hkdÈh .ek
l;d lsÍu nj h' fujekakla m%fõKsodi l%uh
hgf;a wod, fkdjkakd fiau ^m%fõKsodi l%uh
hgf;a fujekakla .ek l;d lsÍu bvï ysñhdg
m%fõKsodihka ke;slfï m%ÓM,hla jk neúka
,Êcdjg o lreKls'& tfukau tx.,ka;fha § o
jeo.;a fkdfjk njo Tyqg fmfka' ukao h;a" ta
wjia:d foflysu ;;a;j a h ksYÑ a ;h' tfy;a ish,a,
lKmsg fmr,d kej; w¨;ska yev .eiSu wdrïN
lr ;sfnk reishdfõ Ôj;a jk ;ukag jvd;a
jeo.;a tlu m%Yakh jkafka fï ;;a;ajh flfia
yev .eiS ia:djrhlg tkafka o hkak hhs f,úka
is;hs'
flfia fj;;a lKmsg fmr¨fka l=ula ±hs ljqre;a
fyd¢ka ±k isáhy' ta kï merKs l%uhhs'' tfy;a
w¨;ska yev .efikafka l=ula ±hs ljqre;a f;areï
f.k isáfha ke;' w¨; yev .eiSf.k tk fï
OfkaYajr l%uh fgda,aiafgdahs ÿgqfõ tx.,ka;fha
wj;drhl iajrEmfhks' kuq;a reishdfõ l%ufhka
j¾Okh jk m%d.aOkfha wdêm;Hh;a" uqof,a
ld¾hNdrh iy yqjudrefõ ìysùu yd j¾Okh
mÍlaId lsÍug fgda,aiafgdahs jer ±refõ ke;'
tx.,ka;fha" c¾uksfha" weußldfõ" m%xYfha wd§
rgj, b;d úúO rEmhkaf.ka hq;= jQ fï OfkaYj a r
l%uh reishdfõ § lskï yevhla .kafka o hkak
o Tyq g wod,lula fkdùh' ukao" fï ish,a, Tyq
m%;m s ;a;us h jYfhka m%;ls fa Iam l< foa jk neúks'
fgda,aiafgdahsf.a úYsIaG;u lD;sh f,i ie,flk
~~hqoOa h yd iduh~~^1865-69& pß; 580 lska iukaú;
ùh' fïjdhska fndfyduhla fft;sydisl pß; jQ
w;r" iuyrla m%nkaOhg wod,j l;=jrhd ksuehQ
pß;hs' l;dj mjq,a Ôú;fha isg kefmda,shkaf.a
uQ,ia:dkh lrd .uka lrk w;r" m<uqjk
wef,laiekav¾f.a Widúfha isg ´iaá%hdfõ yd
fndfrdäfkda ys hqoìï lrd .uka lrhs' l;dj
lshùfï § yefÕkafka fuys § fgda,i a fa gdahfs .a uQ,l s
mßud¾:h jkafka foieïnßlhkaf.a le/,a, ms<n s |j
úuiSu hhs ks.ukh l< yels nj h' ;j w;lska
fï kj l;dj ;=<ska b;sydih ms<sn| Tyqf.a
kHdh fidhd.; yelsh' b;sydih .,d hEfï §
mqo.a ,hd f.a jeo.;a lug jvd ck;djf.a m%uL q ;ajh
jeo.;a nj ms<sn| Tyqf.a kHdh fuys § ksYaÑ;
jYfhka u;= jkafka kefmda,h s ka yd wef,laiekav¾
f.a ft;sydisl fkdjeo.;a lu u;= lsÍu u.sks'
Tyqf.a fY%I a G
a ;u lD;sh f,i to;a wo;a ~~hqoO a h yd
iduh~~ ie,l=jo" th fyf;fï ms<s.;af;a ke;'
Tyqf.a woyi jkafka ;udf.a fydou kjl;dj
jkafka ~~wekd lerKskd~~ njh'
m<uq jk msgqfjka'''''''''''
we;s tldg'''''''
lghq;= lr ;sfnkafka'''''''~~ hs Tyq
;u ia:djrh meyeÈ,s lr isáfhah'
fuys § ~~yrh~~ l< jeäÿr úuiqulg
ms<s;=re ÿka Tyq fmkajd ÿkafka ;u
,ehsia;= j,ska jdudxYslhka" iudc
m%cd;ka;%jd§ l%shdOrhka yd mSã;
cd;Skaf.a úuqla;sh m;d isákakd jq
geñ,a fldka.%ih we;=¿
m%cd;ka;%jd§ka o kdufhdackd ,nd
fï Woaf>daIKfha fh§ug bÈßm;aj
isák njh'
kj iu iudc mlaIh ;rÕ lrk
m%foaY iïnkaOfhka ~~yrh~~ g f;dr;=re
,nd .ekS u i|yd l< úuiq u lg
ms<s;=re ÿka tu lghq;= ndrj isák
kj iu iudc mla I fha nyq c k
uKa v ,fha f,a l ï fcrdâ .uf.a
m%ldY lf<a" fï jk úg;a niakdysr"
W;=r" uOHu" kef.kysr" ol=K yd
inr.uqj hk m,d;a j,ska m%dfoaYSh
iNd úYd, m%udKhlg kdu fhdackd
bÈßm;a ls ß u i|yd ;u mla I h
lghq ; = lr we;s w;r" tu kdu
fhda c kd m;% j,g jdudxYs l hka "
jD;a;Sh iñ;s l%shdOrhka" yd úúO
m% c d;ka ; % j d§ Odrdjka ks f hda c kh
lrkakka o we;=,;aj isák njh'
ksrka;rj wm wjOdrKh l, mßÈ fgda,i a fa gdahfs .a
m%nkaOhka ys wvx.= jQfha Tyq ðj;a jQ reishdkq
iudch úÑ;%j;a f,iska wm yuqjg meñKúu hs'
The Cossacks ^1863& l;dfõ § fldiela ckhd yd
Tjqkaf.a Ôú;h ms<sônq lsÍu i|yd reishdkq
jxYj;l= yd fmïne£u ms<n s | mqj;la uq,la r.;af;a
h' wekd lerkskd^1877& ;u iajdñhd yer oud
fjk;a mqreIhl= iuÕ fmï ne£u fya;=fjka f,dal
iïu;hka yd iudcfha mj;sk l=yl lu;a" fødayS
lu;a u.ska .e,úh fkdyels whqßka udkisl
úhjq,l isrlrkq ,eîu fmkajhs' wehf.a wjidk
brKu ñksil=g ±ßh fkdyels ;rï lïmkhla
cks; lrkakls' wekdf.ka uQ¾;su;ajk iuld,Sk
iudch ;=< ldka;djf.a lgql brKfuys mj;sk
fmdÿ iduHhla Tyq wm bÈßfha iskud mghla fuka
Ñ;%Kh lrhs' ta w;r tys § f.dùkaf.a Ôú;
m%;is xúOdkh lsÍfï Wjukdfjka Tjqka iuÕ tlaj
lghq;= lrk bvï ysñhl=o Tyq u;=lr fmkajhs'
fyf;fïf.a pß;h wmg is y s m ;a lrjka f ka
fgda,aiafgdahsf.au pß;hhs' fuhska fgda,aiafgdahs
;ukaf.au Ôjk w;a±lSï Ñ;%Kh lrkjd mukla
fkdfõ' Tyqf.au m%;ìs ïnh ;=,k s a pß; ks¾udkhlao
lrkakd fiah' tys§ wekd lerKskd ys f,úka" f.a
fï pß;h mukla fkdj hqoO a h yd iduh ys mshf¾
fniqfldõ yd wekavDD l=udrhd o u;lhg kef.a'
flfia fj;;a b;sydifha fY%aIaG;u kjl;dlrejd
f,i fgda,aiafgdhsf.a ms<s.ekSu wjika ù ke;'
Tyqf.a úYsIaG;ajh jkafka ;u kjl;djkays
pß;j,g ksoyfia j¾Okh ù hEug;a" ta ksidu
pß;j, pß; ,laIK fjkia ùug;a bvyßk
w;f¾" Tjqkaj ta ish¨ mßj¾;khka uOHfha;a tu
mqoa.,hka f,iskau y÷kd.ekSug yels ùuh'
WodyrKhla f,i hqoaOh yd idufha tk kgdId
wdrïN jkafka b;d m%S;su;a" oÕldr" iudcYS,S
.eyeKq <ufhla f,ih' kuq;a weh f.a pß;h
yudr jkafka ks;r wj,do k.k" fkdbjis,su;a"
jyd lsfmk iq¿" lsij s l=ÿ ±lSug wlue;s .DyKshla
f,isks' tfia jqjo fï tlu ;eke;a;sh h hkak
mdGlhdf.a is;ska neyer hkafka ke;' ish .Kka
pß; w;r wka;¾ iïnkaO;djh mj;ajdf.k hEug
Tyq fmkajk úYsIG a yelshdfõ ryi o ;uka ksrEmkh
lrk pß;j,g úldYKh ùug ,nd fok ksoyi
hhs fmkajd Èh yelsh'
f,kska 1916 § fufia ,Sfõh' ~~'''''1962-1904 ld,
mßÉfÊofha reishdfõ le<ô,s iuhla meje;af;ah'
tiufhys yeu fokdf.a u weia bÈßms g h<s
mqkre;a:dkh fkdl< yels mßÈ merKs l%uh ì|
jegqK w;r kj l%uh hka;ï yev .efiñka
;snqKs' kj l%uh yev .iajk iudc n,fõ.
m<uqj mq¿,a cd;sl mßudKhlska m%lg jQfha 1905
§ b;d úúO lafIa;j% , yg.;a nyqck l%h s dldÍ;ajfhys
§ h' ~~ksYap,;dj~~ ms<sn| 1862 § fgd,aiafgdahs
úiska i|yka lrkakg fhÿk ~~m%dÖk~~ foaYh S rgj,a
.Kkdjlo 1905 reishdkq iudc isÿùï j,g
wk;=rej tn÷u isÿùï we;s úh' 1905 j¾Ih
~~m%dÖk~~ ksIaYíO;dfõ wjidkfhys wdrïNh úh'
tu fya;=j ksidu tu j¾Ih fgda,aiafgdahsjdofha
fft;sydisl wjidkh tkï fgda,i a fa gdahfs .a b.ekaùï
cks; úh yels jQo" tajd wksjd¾fhka my< úh
yels jQo hq.hl wjidkh ±lajfQ ha h' tiufhys th
yqÿ fm!oa.,sl fohla fyda ys;=jlaldrlula fyda
msiaiqjla fyda fkdj" ksh; jYfhkau hï ld,
mßÉfÊohl fldaá ixLHd; ckldhlf.a Ôjk
;;a;ajhkays oDIaáhla úh''''~~
fYaI m;%h
nexl= y;rhs .sKqï y;rhs
biqre isgqjr flfkla .dkhs
tll mkaish wiQ y;rhs
.sKqu wjika fkdjk msksihs
tll remsh,a foish úiaihs
jeäuK;a Y; ye;a;e y;rhs
ta .sKqu fu<yg jeiS we;s
ldf,lska .kqfokqjl;a ke;S
wkla .sKqfï kskjqjla ke;S
mdia fmd; Th
fldfyda fyda we;s
bisUq jegqfma rÕ fidnd .;s
okak .sKquhs il%shj we;S
fYaIfh;a tlaoyia wgish
wkQjhs Y; mkia y;rl
;sfí tys wjidk Èkhg
tl;==jla lrkqjo flf,ig
fuu .sKqï Kh i|ydu uhs
jßka jr újrj" bjr jQj;a
jir ;sia wg yudrla jQ
.=re Èúh wjik e bisUq ,en
jir oyhla f.ù .sh ;ek
uqo,auh b;sßh tmuKh
uÕ f;dfܧ <Õg Èj tk
ÿjd orejka /i yereK úg
myiqh yod .ekSu
wjidk fYaI m;%h
i'n' fj,a.u
ck'$fmn' 2011
fojk msgqfjka'''''''''''
l,mq ëjrhdg''''
wmsg uqK .Eiqk uelaiu s ia l+x{a{ fufia mjihs'
~~we;a;gu fudlla yß ixj¾Okhla lrkjd
kï taflka l,mq ëjrhd iq/lsh hq;=hs' wfma
rg fï ;;a;ajhg ÈhqKq jqfKa úfoaYj, wh
l< ueÈy;aùïj, n,mEu;a tlal lshk tl
wu;l lrkak nE' ta ksid fï ixj¾Okhg
iuqmQ¾Kfhka úreoaO úh hq;= keye' ta;a tflka
idudkH ck;djg;a hym;la isÿ úh hq;=hs' fï
ixj¾Okh iïmQ¾Kfhkau ixpdrl l¾udka;h
fjkqfjkqhs isÿ fjkafka' tfla l,mq ëjrhdg
bvla we;af;au keye'~~
~~fï iSmaf,aka jHdmdrh;a hï ie,eiqula wkqjhs
isÿ jkjd we;af;a' ixpdrlhd lgqkdhlska
,xldjg we;=,a jQ miq ó.uqj" kqjrt<sh" kqjr
úla f gda ß hd" hdmkh wd§ úúO m% f oa Y j,
iSmaf,aka j,ska ixpdrh lrkjd we;s' t;fldg
ta whg idudkH ckhd fkdfmkajd Wäka
hkakghs i,iajkak yokafka' idudkH ck;dj
lrk lshk lsis fohla" ëjrfhla lrk lshk
fohla" f.dúfhla lrk lshk fohla ienE
f,i ixpdrlhdg ta ksid olskakg ,efnkafka
ke;s fjhs' ta ksid idudkH ck;djg Th
lshk wd¾Ól jdishj;a ,efnkafka keye'~~
l,mq ëjr fcdaima ms,af,a f.ka iSmaf,aka
jHdmD;sh ms<sn| woyi úuiQ úg Tyq mejeiqfõ
fufiah' ~~l,mqfõ ck.ykh jeä fjñkqhs
;sfhkafka' wfkla me;af;ka wêfõ. mdrla ksid
wfma l,mqfõ úYd, fldgila wmg wysñ
fjñkqhs ;sfhkafka' fïjd yßu ire m%foaY' fï
7
1967 md¾,sfïka;=j ;=< mlaIfha n,h
wvqùu u.ska fuu l%shdj,sh wek ysáfha
fyda wdmiq yerjQfha ke;' ta fjkqjg
fldka.%ia fkdjk rchka yd úreoaO
mlaIhkag uqyqK §ug isÿ jQ wjia:dj,
fndfyda m% d ka ; j, mj;s k fldka . % i a
fkdjk uka;%S uKav,h fjkqjg iðù
úl,a m hla f,i È,a , s f ha fldka . % i a
md,kh úiska m%dka; wdKavqldrjrhdf.a
±kg ;sfnk ie,lsh hq;= n,h ;j;a
jeä lsÍu i|yd jHjia:duh bv lv
fhdod.;af;ah' fudyq uOHu rch úiska
m;a l<" thg j. lshk wfhla neúka
m%dka;h i;= n,h ;j ÿrg;a Èhdre úh'
fndfyda wjia:dj, m%dka; wdKavlq drjrhd
l% s h d;a u l jQ f ha iNdfõ fldka . % i a
lKavhfï wjYH;djg wkql+,jhs' fuu
lreK iy ;j;a lreKq ks i d jvd
ia j md,khg keUq r ejla ola j k ls i s ÿ
mlaIhlg ta iïnkaOfhka l%shd lsÍug
iEfyk ;rï ld,hla n,fha /£ isàug
fkdyels úh' óg fjkia wdldrhla fmka
jQ tlu mlaIh kï ;ñ,akdvqfõ øúv
uqkafka;% lid.ï^DMK& mlaIhhs' fuh
1967 isg ;ñ,akdvq m%dka;h md,kh
lf<a uq,ska ;j;a l=vd mlaI lSmhla yd
iïnkaOjo" 1971 uyd ue;sjrKfhka

m%foaYj, ;ud uqyqfoa i;=ka fndafjkafka' fï
l,mqfõ we;s lfvd,dk we;=¿ .iafld,ka ksid
yßu /ljrKhla uiqkag ,enkafka'~~
~~ta;a fï m%foaYfha ;sfnk weÕ¨ï l¾udka;
Yd,dj,ska msgjk wmøjHj,sk; q a yßu úkdYhla
ldYaór fYdaldka;fha
miq Tjqka úiskau o úh'
1969 § DMK mlaIh úiska fufyhjkq
,enQ ;ñ,akdvq m%dka;h" m%dka; yd uOHu
wdKavqj iuÕ mj;sk iïnkaO;djh .ek

fï l,mqjg isÿ fjkafka' fuÉpr úkdYhla
isÿ lr,d bjr fj,d ±ka iSmaf,aka yryd ;j;a
úkdYhla fï l,mqjg lrkakghs fï iQodkï
fjkafka' fï ksid wfma /lshdj;a wysñ jk
;;a;ajhl=hs ±ka Wod fj,d ;sfhkafka'~~
~~uqyqÿ ëjrhdg weu i|yd uiqka imhkafka
wms' l,mq biafida imhkafka wms' ta;a ±ka l,mq
biafida" ud¨ lkak neye" N+ñ f;,a rihs' tal
ksid fldfydug;a /lshdj wk;=rg m;afj,d
;sfhkafka' fï iSmaf,aka j,ska lsis fohla
yef,kafka keyehs lsh,d ta f.d,af,da lSj;a"
tajf.ka fudkjd yef,hso wms okafka keye'
lsis fohla l,mqjg tla fkdfjhs lsh,d wms
kï úYajdi lrkafka kE' wka;sug l,mqj ta
whg §, wmsg whska fjkakhs isÿ fjkafka'
mßir úoHd{fhda lshkafka uv fndlal l,mqfõ
;sfhk ireu m%foaYh lsh,d' yenehs wfma ±kqu
wkq j ;a ouq . ,a f .dv" lemq ï f.dv" ms á mk"
uqkk a lalf¾" ;,dfyak l,mq ëjrfhda jeäfhkau
/lshdj lrkafka fï uv fndlafla ;ud' ta
wkqj iïm%odhslj wms okak foau ;ud fï
mßirfõÈfhda lshkafk;a'~~
~~B<Õ m%Yfa ka fï l,mqfõ ;shfk ¥m;a y; wg;a
fï jHdmD;shg .kak hkjd lsh,d l:djla
hkjd' miq.sh odl m;a;f¾l ;snqK¨ ó.uq
l,mqfõ ¥m;l m¾pia tlla remsh,a 75"000
.dfka úl=Kkjd lsh,d' ta wkqj ys;kak
;sfhkafka;a fï ¥m;a bvï úl=Kk l:dj we;a;la
lsh,hs' myq.sh ldf,a ljqre yß f,dlaflla
l,mqjg tk odg wmsg l,mqjg ;shd f,,a,ug
j;a we;=,a fjkak ÿkafka keye' wkd.;fha fï
jHmD;sh ksid fldfydu fjhso lsh,d wmg ta
wkqj ys;d .kak mq¿jka'~~
~~óg jir 15 lg ú;r biair l<
ix.Kkhlska l,mqfõ /lshd lrk msßi 3500la
ú;r fjkjd lsh, lsõjd' ±ka 5000 lg jvd
wksjd¾hfhkau jeä we;s' ta mQ¾Kdld,Skj'
w¾Old,Skj l,mqj jgd isák fjk;a /lshd
lrk wh we;=¿j yeu fofklau" mdi,a hk
orefjda mjd ;u wu;r úhoï mshj.kafka
mdi,a wereKdu l,mqjg neye,d ±,la od,d"
ll=¿fjla w,a,,d ;uhs'~~
ixpdrl l¾udka;h ksid idudkH ckhdg
jdishla isÿ jk nj mejeiqjo" fuu ixpdrl
l¾udka;h ksid Tjqkg hym;la isÿ fj;ehs
ëjrfhda fkdis; ;s' ;uka f .a ks I a m dokhka
ixpdrlhkag úl=K.kakg yelshdjla we;ehs
ixpdrl jHdmdrh .ek iqNjd§j l:d lrkakka
lSjo" fuu iSmaf,aka jHdmD;sh iuÕ meñfKk
ixpdrl jHdmD;sh l%shd;aul jqjfyd;a ;u
orejkag yd ìßkaoEjrekag lrkak mq¿jka fjk
tlu /lshdj .Kld jD;a;sh muKla nj jeä
msßila mjikqfha ,xldfõ ixpdrl jHdmdrh
iuÕ Rcqju ne£ we;af;a l=ula±hs fyd¢kau
okakd ksidh'
~~ovhï hq.h bjr fj,d ld,hla .; fj,d
;snqK;a wms ëjrfhda ;ju;a bkafka ovhï
hq.fha' wms ;du mrK ovhlaldrfhda jf.a
wúksYaÑ;j ovhï fydhdf.k uqyqfoa" l,mqfõ
hkjd' fï wdKavqj,g mq¿jka biafida" ud¨
i|yd wdrCIl l,dm yo,d i;dg wjYH foaj,a
imh,d jevqK i;d uqod yßk ÈhqKq l%ufõohla
f.dvk.kak' wmsg lrkak neß jqKdg wms
tajd okakjd' wms tajd .ek ´kE ;rï l:d
lr,d ;sfhkjd' ta;a tajd lrkafka ke;sj fï
rchj,a lrkafka fjk fjk jev' ta úÈfha
ÈhQKq jevms<sfj,la rch lrkjd kï wms
iïmQ¾K iyfhda.h fokjd" ueÈy;a fjkjd'
tfyu fkdlfrefKd;a w¨;a mrïmrdj,a rchka
.ek úYajdih fkd;nd ;ukau ;ukag wjYH
foaj,a ixúOdkh fj,d n,y;aldrfhka lr.kshs
lsh,d~~ fcdima ms,af,a wjidk jYfhka lsõfõ
tfyuhs'
yeoEÍu i|yd lñgqjla m;a lf<ah' 1971
ksl=;a lrk ,o tu jd¾;dj u.ska tu
lñgqj m%dka;j,g ~~mQ¾K iajmd,kh~~
wkqu; l< w;r" th idudkH jHjia:d
rduq j la ;= < úh hq ; = nj;a " ljr
wdldrhlska j;a rfÜ fN!ñl
wLKav;djhg bka ydkshla isÿ fkdúh
hq;= njg;a wjOdrKh lf<ah' tys wvx.=
jQfha ±kg ix.ï md¾,sfïka;=j hgf;a
mj;sk wjfYaI kS;suh n,;, m%dka;j,g
mejÍu iy bx§h jHjia:dfõ 356 fÊoh
n, rys; lsÍu u.ska ±kg mj;sk uOHu
rchg m% d ka ; rch fmr,d oud tys
md,kh Rcq j u uOHu rch hg;g
.ekSfï n,h ksYaM, lsÍu hk lreKqh'
DMK r c h f u h N d r . ; a w ; r "
n,dfmdfrd;a;= úh yels wdldrhg th
È,a , s f ha fldka . % i a md,kh úis k a
fkdi,ld yßk ,§' fï ks i d tod
;ñ,akdvq m%dka;fha m%Odk weu;s jQ tï'
lreKdksê uy;dg ~~bx§h uOHu rch
mlsia;dkh úiska l< jrou ^mlsia;dkh
tys kef.kysr fldgfia iajmd,khla
b,a Æ úg l% s h d l< wdldrhg& is ÿ
fkdlsÍug j. n,d .; hq;= njg~~ uOHu
rchg wk;= r e weÕùh' Tyq ths k a
wjOdrKh lf<a m%dka;hkag
iajmd,khla ,nd Èh hq;= njhs' DMK
kdhlhdf.ka tjeks m%ldYhla
n,dfmdfrd;a ; = úh yels jQ f ha 1963
jHjia:d ixfYdaOkh u.ska mlaIhlg
fyda mqoa.,fhl=g bxÈhdfjka fjka jQ
md,k m%foaYhla b,a,Su kS;s úfrdaë lrk
;=reu DMK mlaIh tys uõ mlaIh jk
øúv lid.ï mlaIh wkqj hñka fjka jQ
iajdëk øúv rdcHhla fjkqfjka fmkS
isá ;;= hgf;ah' tu øúv rdcH ms<sn|
b,a,Su ixhqla; jQfha wkaød m%foaYfha
øúvhka nyq;rhla Ôj;a jk m%foaY"
;ñ,akdvq m%dka;h" l¾Kdgl m%dka;h
yd flar<h hk m%foaY we;=<;a jQ fjku
rdcHhls' tys§ wvqu jYfhka fjka jQ
;ñ,akdvq m%dka;hla muK j;a Tjqka
wfmalaId l<y'
øúv ck;dj" úfYa I fhka ol= K q È.
;ñ,akdvq fou< ckhd W;=f¾ wd¾hhka
f.ka fjkaj iajdëk úfï wfmalaIdj
wd§ b;s y dih ola j d uq , a nei we;s
lreKls' jhU ÈYdfõ isg we;=,a ù
uydoaùmh wdl%uKh l< wd¾h
f.da;%slhka uq,skau iajfoaYSsl øúvhka
ol=Kq Èidjg ;,a¨ l<y' bka miq tys§
Tjqkaj hg;a lr .kakd ,§' Y; j¾I
mqrd øúvhka f.a NdId úúO wdldrhg
ixialD; NdIdfõ n,mEï j,g hg;a
úh' ixia l D; NdIdj jQ l,S md,l
n%dyauK jxYfha NdIdj jQ w;r" øúv
NdIdjka l:d lrk ck;dj ;udf.a
fm!rdKsl Wreuhka yd rdclSh f;aci
uQ,drïNh
wjidk fldgi
.ek Woaodufhka isá neúka" ;u NdId
ixialD;lrKh lsÍug úfrdaOh ±lajQy'
i;H jYfhka u ;ñ,akdvqfõ md,lhd
ck;djf.ka fjka lr ±lajQfha NdIdjhs'
md,lhd n% d ya u Khs k a f .ka ,nd .;a
ixialD; NdIdj l:d l< w;r" n%dyauK
fkdjk ish,af,dau ;u foaYSh NdIdj
jk øúv NdIdj l:d lf<dah' fuu
fn§u È.gu meje;sks' j¾;udk ld,fha
ixialD; NdIdj mokï lr.;a ysxÈ ni
m;= r jka f ka n% d ya u Khs k a jk w;r"
n%dyauK fkdjk ck;dj øúv NdId
m;=rjhs'
ol=fka ì%;dkH md,kh;a iuÕ bx.%Sis
NdIdj 18 jk ishjfia w. ld¾;=fõ§
ia:dms; úh' fï iuÕu kej;;a
iïm% o dhs l fn§u jeä Èhq K q úh'
n% d ya u Khka bx.% S i s
NdIdj uq<skau W.;a
w;r" l%ufhka isú,a pïmsld r;akdhl
fiajfha" kS;s
jD;a;Skays" Wiia wOHdmk mSGj, fukau"
foaYmd,k Ôú;fhao taldêldÍ;ajhla
ks¾udKh lr .;ay' woo È,a,sfha md,kh
mj;s k a f ka fï u; mokïj nj ls j
hq;=h'
flfia fj;;a ldYaórh t<suyka
isrl|jqrla muKla fkdj" jOld.drhla
njg m;alr we;s ;;a;ajh È.ska È.gu
f.k hk n%yauKhka uq,a lr.;a bx§h
rdcHh m%dka;j, iajmd,k wfmalaIdjka
u¾Okfhka muKla fkdj fjk;a jrm%ido
mejÍï wd§ l%uj,ska o hgm;a lrñka
is à ' ;ñ,a k dvq f õ ia j md,kh i|yd
wr.,h thg ,nd ÿka úfYaI foaYmd,k
yd wd¾Ól mrm%ido u.ska hgm;a lr
ouk ,§' kuq;a hgm;a l<d muKs' tys
fou< ck;djf.a iajmd,k wfmlaIdjka
úúO whqßka u;=fjhs' wjdikdj jkafka
fï wfmlaIdjka yd ta i|yd ck;djf.a
f;rmqu tys kdhlhka úiska ;ñ,akdvq
Okm;s mx;Skaf.a yd ks,Odß ;ka;%fha
iudc wd¾Ól wfmlaIdjka imqrd.ekSu
i|yd uOHu wdKavqj iuÕ flaj,a lsÍfï
wúhla f,i muKla fhdod .ks ñ ka
isàuhs' ta muKg ldYaór ck;djf.a
wr.,h fjkqfjka iyfhda.h §ug m;a
;ñ,akdvq fou< cd;sljdoh ljodj;a
iu;a jQfha ke;'
ta wkqj bx§h uOHu rcfha n%dyauKhkaf.a
u¾OkldÍ md,khg Tjqka wkshñka jqj
ne£ isà' ;ñ,akdvqfõ fufyhqïlrejka
fou< l;d lrk n%dyauKhskaj isák
;dla l,a ;ukaf.a ienE ksoyi Wod
lr.; fkdyels h hk u;jdohka nyq;r
od,s;ajrekaf.a jHdmdrhka u.ska yËk.kq
fmfka'
;j;a fndfyda m% k a ; j, weiEufha "
kd.,ka;fha ke;skï mxcdnfha
iajmd,kh i|yd u;=jQ Woaf>daIK ish,a,
f,a .x.dj, .s,a,ùu u.ska u¾Okh
lrkq ,enqjo" tajd ksud jQ njla bka
woyia fkdfõ' bx§h w¾Ouydoaúmfha
iajdNdúl iïm;aj, yd fldaá ishhl
ck;djf.a Y%ufha w;sßla;h fld,a,lñka
iqriem ú¢k bx§h md,l l,a,sh yd
Okm;s mx;s h ls i s f ia ; a u cd;S k a f .a
iajmd,khkag bv §u u.ska uOHu rcfha
u ¾ O k l d Í
md,khl meje;au
u.s ka /flk tu
jrm%ido yer ±óug
iqodkï fkdjkq we;'
fudjq ka ,xldfõ fou< ck;dj foi
ne¨fõo tfiauh' wú.;a ,lajeis fou<
;reKhkaf.a jHdmdrhka yd kdhl;ajhka
iuQ,>d;kh lr oud" ,dxlSh fou<
Okm;s kdhlhka ;ukaf.a foaYmd,k
ie,eiau ;=<g we;=¨ lr .ekSu Tjqkaf.a
ms<sfj; jQ w;r" uyskao ,jd th l%shdjg
oukq ,eìKs ' ±ka ,xldj ;= < ;u
foaYmd,k w;fld¨j njg TNA fou<
Okm;s kdhlhka j m;alrf.k isáñka
uyskao iuÕ tlaj hï foaYmd,k n,
fn§ula lsÍug jEhï lrhs' uyskao ,jd
;uka lrjd .;a hqO jHdmD;sh ksud
jqjo" tu jHdmD;sh u.ska uyskao j isxy,
fn!oa O wka ; cd;s j d§ n,fõ.hka f .a
f.dÿrlaj isák kshdj wo bxÈhdjg
fyd¢kau meyeÈ,s fjñka ;sfí' ta ksid
n, fn§fï jev fldgi Tyq ,jd lrf.k
hd fkdyelalla nj o tfukau meyeÈ,s
fjñka ;sfí' kuq;a fï jevh lr.kak
neß;dla ÿrg È,a,s md,kh iuÕ ol=Kq
bx§h øúvhkaf.a .egqu wLKavj j¾Okh
ùfï bvlv mj;sk neúka ksyËj isàu
o bx§hjg l< yelalla fkdfõ' isxy,
fn!oaO fojk uyskao flfkla f,i ið;a
fm%auodij f.dv ke.Sug bxÈhdj wo
jEhï lrkafka ta ksidh' fï
iïnkaOfhka rks,a fj; úYd, n,mEula
bxÈhdj t,a, lr we;s w;r" isÿjk foa
bÈßfha § wmg n,d.; yels jkq we;'
 8 ck'$fmn' 2011
.ekSug kï remshf,a jákdlu by, .sh
úg by< hk jegqma .skfq ï uQ¾: jákdlug
.e,fmk mßÈ wo Y%u M,odhS;djh" tkï
mehlg ksIamdokh lrk tall m%udKh
by< oud .; fkdyels ksid l,ska ,dN
f¾Ügqj mj;ajd .ekSug fkdyels jk njh'
remsh, Yla;su;a ùfuka kuq;a weÕ¿ï l¾udka;h wuq øjH wdkhkh
lrk l¾udka;hla ksid tajdg f.jk remsh,a
wmkhklrejka m%udKh wvqùfï jdish o Tjqka .Kka
ne,sh hq;= nj wd¾Ól úYaf,aIlhkaf.a u;h

wi;=gg fõ'

flfia kuq ; a wdkhklrejka fuka u

fvd,rhg idfma l a I j rems h f,a ke.S u
iïnkaOfhka ,xldfõ wmkhk jHdmdßl
m%cdj ;ukaf.a lïmdj m, lrk nj jd¾;d
fõ' f,dalfha wd¾Ólhka miqnEulg ,laj
;sìh§ fï ;;a;ajh ;ukag ;j;a krl
f,i n,mdk njo Tjqka mjik nj jd¾;d
fõ'
fï iïnkaOfhka woyia olajñka fcdhskaÜ
wemr,a wfidaisfhaIka f*darï ys f,alï
frdydka udiafldard, mjid we;af;a ~~úÿ,sh
yd Y%uh i|yd f.ùï by< f.dia ;sfnkjd'
fmd,S wkqmd; ;ju;a by< uÜgul ;sfnkjd
fiau" nexl= ksoyia f,i Kh §ï lrfkafka
kE' remshf,a jákdlu ke.Su weÕ¨ï
l¾udka;hg miqnEula jkq we;s w;ru" fï
by< hk ksIamdok úhou yd wmkhk
fjf<|mf,a ixfldapkh jQ ;;a;ajh u;
ksIamdok M,odhS;djh by< kexùu ÿIalr
ld¾hhla'''''~~ njhs'
Tyq fï lshkafka remsh, wjm%udKh jk
úg my< .sh jegqma" jegqma .skqfï uQ¾:
jákdlu u; ,enQ ,dNh tfiau mj;ajd
cd;Hka;r fjf<|mf,a f;a ñ, by< hEu
ksid f;a wmkhk lrejka o fï
iïnkaOfhka idvïnrfhka wmkhklrejkag
Wmfoia foñka isákq fmfka' ta remsh,
Yla;u s ;a ùu ksid wdkhkhka i|yd f.jk
remsh,a m%udKh my; jegqk;a" wNHka;r
fjf<|mf,a ñ, fjkila fkdjk fyhska
,dN byN hk ksid nj ;;= okafkda lsh;s'
ta w;r mdßfNda.l s NdKav ñ, u.ska remsh,
Yla;su;a ùfï jdish ;ukag fkd,efnk
neúka úfoia /lshd j, kshqla; jQjkaf.a
mjq,ja , {d;Ska ;uka w;g ,efnk remsh,a
m%udKh my< hEu .ek lïmdjg m;aj
isák njo jd¾;d fõ' wd¾Ól úYaf,aIlhka
fmkajd fokafka remsh, Yla;su;a ùu isÿj
we;af;a rfÜ ksIamdok Odß;dj by< hñka
wmkhk fjf<|dfï w;sßla;hla ,eîu u;
fkdj úfoia /lshd kshqla;slhka furgg
tjk uqo,a m%udKh jeäùu yd úfoaY úksuh
ixÑ;h úfoia Kh u.ska by< hEu ksid
nj;a ta ksid wNka;r fjf<|mf,a §
mdßfNda.slhkag jdishla fkd,efnkq we;s
nj;a h'

fudkrd.,ska fylafghd¾ 23"000 la

nql¾ fÜÜ iud.ug
,xldfõ wdfhdack uKav,h úiska fvd,¾
ñ,shk 110 l wdfhdackhlska f.dvk.k
iSks l¾udka; Yd,djla i|yd ì%;dkH
nQl¾ fÜÜ iud.u iuÕ .súiqï w;aika
lsÍug lghq;= fhdod we;s nj jd¾;d fõ'
fï ms<sn|j mdßißl n,mEï ;lafiare
lsÍï fï jk úg flÍf.k hk njo
jd¾;d jk w;r leìkÜ uKav,h fuu
iS k s *ela g ßh yd me, ;jdka i|yd
fylafghd¾ 200 l N+ñhla ,nd §u wkqu;
lr we;s njo wdrxÑ ud¾. mjihss'
Wla j.dj ;ks j.djla jk w;r" th
úiska N+ñh úh,s njg m;a lrkjd muKla
fkdj" rfÜ jk wdjrKh úkdY lrkq
,nkakla nj;a" tfukau fï i|yd ,xldj
;=<§ orkq ,enQ yeu jEhulau m%foaYjdiSka
wka; ÿ.S Ndjhg;a" wdydr ysÕhg;a m;a
lrkq ,enQ nj;a mdßißl úfYaI{hska
fmka j d § ;s f í' fï w;r ±k.ekS u g
;sfnkafka fuu l¾udka; Yd,fõ ksIamdok
Odß;djg wjYH Wla m%udKh ,nd .ekSug
fylafghd¾ 23"000 l j.d N+ñhla wjYH
jk njh' ta i|yd N+ñh fjka lsÍug
isÿjkafka ks,a., jk rlaIs;hg udhsïj
nj;a" Wla j.dj i|yd N+ñh iqoaO l<
miq ta N+ñh fidaodmd¿ ù .,d tk uv yd
je,s iys; jeis c, m%jdyhka yd ridhksl
øjH fï jk.ykhg w;a lr fokq ,nk
jHikh .eko mßir úfYaI{fhda wkdjels
fyK f.äh
m, lr;s ' fï iïnka O fhka wd¾Ól
úpdrlhka f.a u;h jkafka me,aj;a; iSks
l¾udka; Yd,dj iqÿ w,sfhla njg m;a
lrñka rfÜ uyck uqo,a ì,shk .Kkska
,nd .ekSfuka yd rfÜ ck;djg jeä
ñ,g iSks .ekSug isÿ lr,Sfuka ,xld
b;sydih ;=< nql¾ fÜÜ iud.u l¨ ,mhla
;nd we;s nj h' ,xldfõ iSks ksIamdok
l¾udka;h wid¾:l ùu b;d meyeÈ,sj
;sfnk nj;a" fijk.," me,aj;a;" ysÕ=rdk"
yd lka;f,a iSks l¾udka;hkaf.a
wid¾:l;ajh fyd¢ka u fmkajkafka ,xldfõ
jd¾Isl iSks mßfNdackfhka 90] la u
remsh,a ì,shk 35 l úhoulska wdkhkh
lsÍug isÿj ;sîfuka njo Tjqka fmkajd §
;sfí'
fï wdh;k ±ka iSks j,g jvd u;ameka
i|yd iqm%S;= ksIamdokh lrk wdh;k njg
m;a ù ;sfí' nql¾ jeks iud.ï mßmd,k
úhoï i|yd lrk f.ùï u.ska ;uka
fhojQ uq o ,a wdmiq ,nd .ka k d nj;a "
me,aj;a; i|yd fï iud.u fhojQfõ 10]
lg iudk uqo,la muKla nj;a" wjidkfha
rchg isÿjQfha ÿmam;a ckhdf.a uqo,ska fï
iud.ï kv;a;= lsÍu nj;a fmkajd fok
wd¾Ól úfYaI{fhda wka;sug isÿ jQfha
.eñhdf.a lDIsld¾ñl bvlvï yd Tjqkaf.a
ia:djr Okhj meje;s jkdka;r úkdY ù
hEu muKla nj;a wjOdrKh lr;s'

iriú isiqka hqo l|jqre mqyqKqjg

tfrysj wka;f¾ igkg nyskj¨
rg ±h rlsk rKúrejka .ek ,sheù,d
fcmamkaf.a fmdf;a fufyu¨ ;sfhkafka'

fou<g fl<sk ldf,g Wka rKúrefjdah

wmg fl<sk fldg Wka uer yuqodh
udlaia f,kska okafka fudk ,ínlafoda
.iõ .iõ ueiai je, hk w; n,,d'

.=fKhd úiska tjk ,È'

w;HdjYH NdKav ñ, wvq lrõ` jegqma §ukd jeä lrõ`

143" lsõ mdr" fld<U 02" mÈxÑ {dKisß fld;a;sf.dv jk ud úiska fld<U 02" fjf,daka mefiaÊ ys Tiaúka uqøKd,fha uqøKh lrk ,È'