foi;sh

mqj;a i`.rdj
2019 wf.dai;
a = 01

ófoksh
j,õfõ
w;a;ïud
zuyje,sh - ixys¢hdfõ .x.djZ iy z95ka miq
uyje,sZ hk .%ka: oaú;ajh ck.; lf<a ckm;sf.a
m%Odk;ajfhka' ta" cQ,s ui 24 jeks od nKavdrkdhl
cd;Hka;r iïuka;%K Yd,dfõ§' l÷rg" rcrg" W;=re
kef.kysr u;= fkd j wo jhU;a ish Èhjßka tl fia
f;ud,k uyd .x.dfõ .uk zuyje,sh - ixys¢hdfõ
.x.djZ .%ka:h ;=< wka;¾.; hs' isyskhla j mej;s
uyje,sfha ÿIalr u mßÉfþoh fudr.ylkao l¿ .Õ
uyd c,dYh we;=¿ úh<s l,dmSh jdß úiañ;fha l;dj
m%ldYhg m;a lf<a z95ka miq uyje,sZ .%ka:fhka' th
iïmdokfha uQ,sl;ajh .;af;a uyje,s wêldßh hs'
.%ka: oaú;ajfha u m%Odk ixialdrl;ajh oerefõ
fla' wdßh;=x. hs'
 ljrfha l;dj

foi;sh
2019 wf.daia;= 01

28

18
oel .kak fidndisß
ys`o hkak fykr;af.dv
ófoksh j,õfõ w;a;ïud
30
;%ia;jdoh yd udOH Ndú;h
iq¿fldg ;lkak neye

32 03
m,d,s .=jkaf;dg
ia;S% wOHd;auhg
tnqKq ia;s%h cd;Hka;rhg

35
ixidf¾
ovhlaldrhd 07
fldf<dïf;dg
38 ke; uy¨ ù
wjeis jkafka
iyDo ixfõoS ks,orejka

40 13
isõ jirl wfmalaIdj
f,dal fkÜfnda,a Y+r;dj ;=kafldka l;dny
WKqiqï

2019 wf.daia;= 01
01 foi;sh
rcfha m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j"
163" lsre<mk wejksõ"
úYaùh l,dfõ rej .=K ÿgq weh
fmd,afyakaf.dv" fld<U 05'
ixialdrl uKav,h fõÈldj" ߧ ;srh yd mqxÑ ;srh tl f,i ch .;a weh kñka whsrdx.kS
ÿ' w' 011 - 2513757 $ 0112 - 513153 fiarisxy' fkdfndaod ish Èúfha 92 jeks ie;mqï lkqj miq l< weh ;ju;a
úoHq;a ;emE, - desathiya@gmail.com
rx.kfha ksr; j isákafka iuld,Sk yd kj mrmqrg Yla;h s la fjñka'
fnÞyeÍfï wxYh
ÿ' w' 011 - 2515759$ È.=j - 232
YslI
a Kfhka ,enQ wef.a rx. m%;N s dj <ud" ;reK" uy¨ fm%l a Ia l yoj;a
fidrd .ekSug hs iu;a jqfKa' th foia" úfoia fm%la I
a ld.dr lrd f.k
fj¿u 42" l,dmh 12" 2019 wf.daia;= 01 hñka Tjqkf a .a ld,amksl f,dalhg idOdrK;ajh bgq lsÍfuka whsrdx.kS
fiarisxy mrudo¾YS pß;hla ùu Y%S ,dxlslhka f,i wm wdvïnr úh hq;=
WmfoaYl ixiAldrl lreKla'
kd,l l¨jej
rcfhA m%jD;a;s wOHlaI ckrd,a wef.a Wmka fm<m;" wOHdmk uÜgu fuka u ,enQ iudc weiqr rx.k
wëlaIK ixiAldrl Èúfha id¾:l;ajh msgm q i ;sfnk nj wm yeu okakd lreKla' tfuka u
;s,lr;ak ,shkmgne`os wef.a ksy;udkS .;s mej;=ï yd f,ka.;= nj lshd mdkafka l,dfõ È.=
.ukla hkakg thska ,efnk úYaùh wdYS¾jdoh b;d n,j;a nj hs' rx.k
ixiAldrl
ud,d u,aldka;s mrK.uf.a
lafIa;f
% ha weh jgd isák ku /ka`¥ rx.k Ys,m
a k
S a weh ms<n
s `o buy;a
.¾jfhka l;d lrkafka wef.ka ,o .=reyrelï jvd;a lD;fõ§ j isym s ;a
iyh ixialdrl lrñka'
ufyaIsld osidkdhl
PdhdrEm ixialrKh flfia fj;;a wm lk.dgq úh hq;= lreKla fï fudfydf;a isym s ;a
rE rgd iy ljr ks¾udKh lsÍu l< hq;= hs' we;eï rx.k Ys,m
a k
S "a Ys,m
a K
s h
s ka yereKq úg kj mrmqr
ixÔj fm;a;djvq fï jk úg .uka lrñka isákafka l,dfõ uqLH wruqKj q ,ska neyer jQ
úfYaIdx. f,aLlfhda .ukau`.l' tys§ lemS fmfkk ldrKh jkafka rx.kh wd¾Ól m%;, s dN
wdkkao chisxy uQ,l
s lr .ekSu;a ksis yeoEÍulska f;dr j th ú,dis;djla lr .ksñka
fvdk,aâ fiakdër ckm%hs ;ajh fidhd hdu hs' wfkla w;g we;eï ks¾udKlrejka ±kqfuka"
YHdud ikaOHdkdhlf.a l=i,;dfjka fmdaIKh fkdùu;a kj mrmqr i;= rx. l=i,;dj y`ÿkd
ldxpkd isßj¾Ok .ekSug ndOdjla ù ;sfnkjd' fï ksid l,dfõ meje;au /l .ekSug;a wm
ufkdacd iurkdhl bÈßfha ;sfnkafka úYd, wNsfhda.hla'
m%jD;a;s ks,Odß
ks,añ‚ m%kdkaÿ fï i`oyd wm l< hq;= ld¾hhka /ila ;sfnkjd' ta" j.lsj hq;= md¾Yaj
úiska l,dj hñka ;sfnk u. kej;;a fjkia lrñka tys rej .=K kj
l<ukdlrK iydh mrmqr fj; h<s <x lrùug mshjr .ekSu hs' tys§ zwhsrdx.kS fiarisxyZ jeks
pJøsld .=KfiAlr
hq.fha ±jeka; pß; ukdj yeoEÍug lghq;= lsÍu jeo.;a' furg ߧ ;srh
PdhdrEm WmfoaYl muKla fkdj c.;a ߧ ;srh o tl¨ lrkakg wehg yels jQfha weh i;= jQ
iqo;a is,ajd úYaùh rx.kfha wmuK .=Kh hs'
PdhdrEm Ys,amSka
,laisß iqNdIK w,aúiA fï ksid whsrdx.kS fiarisxy kï jQ ófoksh j,õfõ w;a;ïud wo
huqks rYañld wm wdorfhka je<`o .; hq;f a ;a weh l,dfõ mrudo¾YS pß;hla jQ ksid
o¾Yk lreKdr;ak u fkdfj hs' weh i;= udkùh .=KO¾u l,dfõ meje;aug f.k ÿka
;=is; pkaøl=udr wdYS¾jdoh u;=jg;a wmg wjYH jk ksid'
t,a' tA' frdayK
msgljrfha PdhdrEmh wehg Ñrx ch;= ææ'
ohdka ú;drK
fnÞyeÍfï l<ukdlre
ã' fla' ú;dkf.a
uqøKh
rcfhA uqøK fomd¾;fïka;=j - ixiAldrl -
m%ldYkh yd fnÞyeÍu
rcfhA m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;=j

foi;sh 02
2019 wf.daia;= 01
 foafoaYY ú;a
ú;a;;s s
m,d,s .=jkaf;dg
cd;Hka;rhg
hd mkfha m,d,s .=jka
f;dgqfmd< fï jif¾ isg YS%
,xldfõ ;=ka jeks cd;Hka;r .=jka
f;dgqfmd< njg m;aùug kshñ;
hs' tA" ,nk iema;eïn¾ udifha§
bkaÈhdj we;=¿ wdishdkq l,dmfha
rgj,a lsysmhlg isú,a .=jka fiajd
wdrïN lsÍug isú,a .=jka fiajd
wêldßh uÕska lghq;= lrf.k
hk neúka'
  fï i|yd wÈhr ;=kla hgf;a
m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmd< ixj¾Okh
lsÍu ±ka wdrïN fldg ;sfnkjd'
tA fjkqfjka l< wdfhdackh
remsh,a ñ,shk 2250la' thska
remsh,a ñ,shk 1950la YS% ,xld rch
jeh lrk w;r remsh,a ñ,shk
300l wdOdr uqo,la fï i|yd ,nd
fokafka bka§h rch úiska'
  m<uq wÈhf¾§ ±kgu;a .=jka
hdkd fufyhqï lghq;= i|yd
Ndú;hg .efkk óg¾ 2305la
È. m%Odk Odjk m:fhys óg¾
ohd ,xldmqr
hdmkfha isg
lsf,daóg¾ 16la
950l w¨;ska fldkalS%Ü we;sÍu
hs isÿ flfrkafka' th ksu jQ miq
wdik 72g wvq 'Bomberdier 100Z
ÿßka msysá m,d,s j¾.fha .=jkahdkd m,d,s .=jka
f;dgqfmd<g f.dv neiaiùug yels
.=jka f;dgqfmd<
jk nj mejiqfõ .=jka m%jdyk yd
1940 jif¾ fojeks isú,a .=jka fiajd wud;H w¾cqk
f,dal hqoaO iufha§ rK;=x.' tA m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmd<
ì%;dkHh rdclSh l,dmSh .=jka f;dgqfmd< f,i
.=jka yuqÞj úiska ixj¾Okh lsÍu wdrïN lrñka
miq.shÞ tys meje;s W;aijhg tla
bÈfldg ;sfnkakla' fjñka'
tA" Tjqkaf.a hqo .=jka
hdkd fufyhqï lghq;=   fuys§ bkaÈhdj flakaø
i|yd hs' tu hqoaOh lr.ksñka l,dmSh jYfhka
isú,a .=jka fiajd wdrïN lsÍug
wjika ùfuka miq
hs kshñ;' fuys m<uq wÈhr
ì%;dkH .=jka yuqÞj wjika ùfuka miq bkaÈhdfõ
fuh w;yer oud we;s uqïndhs" yhsødndoa" fldÑka yd
w;r miqj isú,a .=jka nex.f,da¾ wd§ .ukdka; olajd
fiajd fomd¾;fïka;=j .=jka .uka wdrïN flfrkq
we;s' m,d,s .=jkaf;dgqfmd< YS%
hg;g hs th m;a ,xldfõ ;=kajeks cd;Hka;r .=jka
jkafka' f;dgqfmd< njg m;a jkqfha tA
wkqj'
2019 wf.daia;= 01
03 foi;sh
  m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmd<
ixj¾Okh lsÍfï fojeks wÈhf¾§
m%Odk Odjk m:fha ;j;a
lsf,daóg¾ 1'5l m%udKhla w¨;ska
fldkalS%Ü we;sÍu isÿ flfrkq
we;s' m%Odk Odjk m:fha uq¿ ÿr
m%udKh jQ lsf,da óg¾ 2'3 olajd
iïmQ¾Kfhka u fldkalS%Ü we;ssÍu
f;jeks wÈhf¾§ isÿ lsÍug kshñ;
nj isú,a .=jka fiajd wêldßh
m%ldY lrkjd'
  hdmkfha isg lsf,daóg¾ 16la
ÿßka msysá m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmd<
1940 jif¾ fojeks f,dal hqoaO
iufha§ ì%;dkHh rdclSh .=jka
yuqÞj úiska bÈfldg ;sfnkakla'
tA" Tjqkaf.a hqo .=jka hdkd
fufyhqï lghq;= i|yd hs' tu
hqoaOh wjika ùfuka miq ì%;dkH
.=jka yuqÞj fuh w;yer oud
we;s w;r miqj isú,a .=jka fiajd
fomd¾;fïka;=j hg;g hs th m;a
jkafka'
  h<s fuh ilS%h jQfha 1947 jif¾§
zthd¾ isf,dakaZ .=jka iud.u
msysgqùu;a iuÕ hs' tu iud.u
i|yd vefldagd ã' iS' 3 (DAKOTA
DC 3) j¾.fha .=jka hdkd 3la ñ,
§ f.k ;snqKd' zthd¾ isf,dakaZ
.=jka .uka fufyhqï isÿ flrefKa
r;au,dk .=jka f;dgqfmd< flakaø
lr.ksñka'
  fï iud.fï m%:u ux., .=jka
.uk isÿ lr we;af;a 1947 foieïn¾
foi;sh 04
2019 wf.daia;= 01
10 od' ziS;dfoaùZ hkqfjka kï fldg
;snQ tu zvefldagdZ .=jkahdkh tÈk
r;au,dk .=jka f;dgqfmdf<a isg
u.Ska 16 fokl= o /f.k .=jka.;
ù m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmd<g f.dv
nei tys§ ;j;a u.Ska o /f.k
uÿrdish ^±ka fpkakdhs& n,d
mshdir l< nj hs YS% ,xld .=jka
b;sydih úuik úg fmkS hkafka'
tu hdkfha kshuqjd jYfhka
lghq;= lr we;af;a lms;dka mSg¾
m%kdkaÿ hs'
  ±kg jir 72lg fmr o
W;=f¾ ck;djg m,d,s isg
uÿrdishg .=jkska hdug yels
ù ;snqKd muKla fkdj Tjqkag
zthd¾ isf,dakaZ hdkd uÕska
wïmdr" uvl,mqj" r;au,dk yd
;s%l=Kdu,hg o hdug yels jqKd'
  fï w;r W;=f¾ fldá ;%ia;jd§
;¾ck wdrïN ùu;a iuÕ 1976
jif¾ § m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmd< YS%
,xld .=jka yuqÞj hg;g hs m;aj
;snqfKa' hqoaOfhka miq h<s isú,a
.=jka .uka wdrïN ùu ksid 2013
ckjdß ui 4 jeks Þ m,d,s .=jka
f;dgqfmdf<a kj u.S m¾hka;
f.dvke.s,a, újD; lrkq ,enqjd'
  m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmd<
l,dmSh .=jka f;dgq fmd<la
f,i ixj¾Okh lsÍfï§ tys
u.S m¾hka; f.dvke.s,a, o
kùlrKh flfrkjd' tA w;r
rd;S% ld,fha§ .=jka hdkd
f.dvneiaiùug yels jk mßÈ
.=jka Odjk m:fha úÿ,s nqnq¿
w¨;ska iú lsÍug hs kshñ;'
.=jka hdkd k;r lr ;eîu i|yd
wx.khla ^yeka.¾& o bÈ lsÍug
kshñ; w;r .=jka hdkd md,k
l=¨k o kùlrKh flfrk nj
hs m%jdyk yd isú,a .=jka fiajd
rdcH wud;H wfYdala wfíisxy
mjikafka'
  fï jk úg m,d,s .=jka
f;dgqfmdf<a fldgila .=jka
yuqÞj uÕska o wksla fldgi
isú,a .=jka fiajd fomd¾;fïka;=j
hgf;a o md,kh fjkjd' .=jka
yuqÞfõ .=jka hdkd fuka u isú,a
.=jkahdkd o fuys isg uÕSka yd
NdKav m%jdyk lghq;= isÿ lrkjd'
  fï wkqj wÈhr ;=fka u
ixj¾Ok lghq;= wjika jQ miq
m,d,s .=jka f;dgqfmdf<a md,k
l=¨k uÕska j¾. lsf,daóg¾ 1800
l .=jka wjldYh wdjrKh jk
mßÈ .=jkahdkd yeisrùug yels
jk nj hs isú,a .=jka fiajd
wêldßh mjikafka'
  fuys ;=ka jeks wÈhr ksu
ùfuka miq Ökh" ;dhs,ka;h
iy we;eï wdishdkq rgj,
tA 320" tA 340 wd§ zthd¾ niaZ
.=jka hdkdj,g m,d,s .=jka
f;dgqfmd<g meñŒug wjia:dj
ysñ ùu;a iqúfYaIS lreKla'
 
 ufkdacd iurkdhl

f,da l fi!LH ixúOdkfha kQ;k iólaIK

jd¾;dj,g wkqj f,dal ck.ykfhka
fndfyda msßila frda.k
S a njg fuka u urKhg
m;ajkafka ÿïfld< yd u;aøjH Ndú;h fya;f = jka'
jirlg f,dal ck.ykfhka ñ,shk 18la ñhhk
njhs f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh wkdjrKh lrkafka'
Y%S ,xldfõ ÿïmdkh ksid jirlg 20"000lg wdikak
ixLHdjla iy uoHidr Ndú;fhka 20"000lg wêl
msßila ñh hk nj;aa fy<s ù ;sfnkjd' fï ksid th
f.da,hS fi!LH .eg¨jla f,i hs y÷kdf.k ;sfnkafka'

fujeks miqìul f,dalfha úúO iïuq;"s tlÕ;d"

wOHhk" m¾fhaIK Tiafia úi÷ï fiùug mshjr f.k
we;s w;r Y%S ,xldfõ ta i|yd fm< .eiSu o úuid
ne,sh hq;f
a ;a ÿïfld< iy uoHidr ms<n s | cd;sl
wêldÍ mk; ms<n s | Èjhsk mqrd fï Èkj, úfYaI
l;dnyla f.dvkef`.ñka ;sfnk ksid' ta" 2006 wxl 27
ork ÿïfld< iy uoHidr ms<n s | cd;sl wêldÍ mk;
W,a,x>kh lrk mqo. a ,hka kS;fs ha /yekg yiqlr
.ekSug bl=;a cQ,s ui ;=kja eks i;sfha isg l%h
s d;aul
ùu;a iuÕ'

ÿïfld< mk; ta wkqj" uyck fi!LH mÍlaIljreka uÕska Èjhsk

mqrd úfYaI jeg,Sï isÿ lsÍug ÿïfld< iy uoHidr
ms<n
s | cd;sl wêldßh lghq;= l<d' 2006 jif¾§
h<s mKf.k ÿïfld< iy uoHidr ms<n s | cd;sl mk; bÈßm;a jqj o
fj<|ie,a uÕska jhi 21ka my< mqo. a ,hkag ÿïfld<
iy uoHidr wf,ú lsÍu isÿfjkjd' fg,skdgH" Ñ;%mg
iy mqj;am;a iÕrd wdÈfhys tu mk; W,a,x>kh
lrñka jl% f,i ÿïjeá iy uoHidr Ndú;h m%j¾Okh
lsÍu;a oelsh yels hs' fï wkqj fuh j<lajd .ksñka
Yla;u s ;a f,i mk; l%hs d;aul lsÍug ÿïfld< iy
2003 j¾Ifha f,dal uoHidr ms<n s | wêldßh úiska mshjr .ekSu meiish hq;=
fi!LH ixúOdkh uÕska lreKla'
ÿïjeá md,kh i|yd
m%{ma;hs la bÈßm;a 2003 j¾Ifha f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh uÕska ÿïjeá
md,kh i|yd m%{ma;h s la bÈßm;a lr we;s w;r ta i`oyd
lr we;s w;r ta i`oyd rgj,a 168la w;aika ;nd we;s nj hs i|yka jkafka'
rgj,a 168la w;aika tlai;a cd;Skfa .a b;sydifha jvd;a mq¿,a f,i u
;nd we;s nj hs i|yka wfkl=;a rgj, odhl;ajh ,enqKq m%{ma;h s fuh hs'
jkafka' tlai;a cd;Skfa .a
fï iñnkaOfhka woyia olajk ÿïfld< iy
b;sydifha jvd;a mq¿,a uoHidr ms<n s | cd;sl wêldßfha iNdm;s ffjoH
f,i u wfkl=;a rgj, md,s; wfífldak¦a zzfï m%{ma;h s g fmr isg Y%S ,xldfõ
odhl;ajh ,enqKq idrdxY.; m%{ma;h s la uoHidr yd ÿïjeá iïnkaOfhka
m%{ma;h s fuh hs' mej;=Kd' flfia fj;;a f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkfha
m%{ma;f s hka miqj 2006 j¾Ifha wxl 27 ork ÿïfld<
iy uoHidr ms<n s | mk; m%ldYhg m;ajK q d' 2007
jif¾§ ÿïfld< iy uoHidr ms<n s | cd;sl wêldßh
msyg
s jQfha o fï mk; l%h s d;aul lsÍu i|yd hs'˜

2019 wf.daia;= 01
05 foi;sh
 uyck fi!LH wdrlaId lsÍfï woyiska ÿïfld< uoHidr iy u;aøjH Ndú;h wju lsÍu iy je<elaùfï
iy uoHidr ms<n s | cd;sl m%;ms ;a;h
s la we;s lsÍu yd jevms<fs j<g isú,a ixúOdk" m%cduQ, ixúOdk iy
iólaIKh lsÍfuka ÿïfld< yd uoHidr wdY%; s .eg¨ iafõPd ixúOdk úiska mQ¾K iydh iy wkq.y % h
wju lsÍug;a Bg fhduq jkakka y÷kdf.k ta i`oyd ,nd§ug lghq;= l< hq;= hs' j¾;udk Y%S ,xldfõ isÿ
wjYH lsh% dud¾. .ekSug;a ÿïfld< ksIm a dokh iy jk fndafkdjk frda. i|yd rchg iuia; fi!LH
uoHidr ksIm a dokh" wf,úh iy mßfNdackh lrkakka úhofuka 90]la jeh lsÍug;a isÿ fjkjd' ñka jeä
w;ßka úfYaIfhka <uhska ÿïmdkh yd uoHidr ixLHdjla isÿ jkafka ÿïjeá iy uoHidr Ndú;h ksi
Ndú;hg fhduq ùu wffO¾hu;a lsÍu i|yd úêúOdk hs' j¾;udkfha fndafkdjk frda. iuia; f,dalhg
we;=<;a lsÍug ÿïmdkh yd uoHidr ksIm a dokj,g u oefkk .eg¨jla ù we;s neúka f,dalfha iS>f % hka
m%fõYhg we;s ud¾. wjysr lsÍ s fï l%hs dud¾. .ekSug;a jHdma; jk fndafkdjk frda. je<elaùu i|yd oi
fï mkf;a úêúOdk l%h s d;aul lsÍu jeo.;a' wjqreÿ ie,eiaula tlai;a cd;Skf
a .a ixúOdkh úiska
zfnda fkdjk frda. j<lajd,Su ms<ns | foaYmd,k
mk;g wkqj wjqreÿ 21g wvq mqo. a ,hka uoHidr fyda m%ldYkhZ kñka bÈßm;a lr ;sfnkjd' ta i|yd Y%S
ÿïfld< ksIm a dokh lsÍu" wf,úhg bÈßm;a lsÍu yd ,xldj w;aika ;nd wjika'˜
fhoùu iy ta ms<n s | j wkqn,§u fkdl< hq;= hs' fï
jro isÿlrk whl= remsh,a 4000lg fkdjeä ovhlg rch úiska 2025 jk úg Y%S ,xldfõ ÿïjeá Ndú;h
fyda wjqreoaolg fkdjeä ld,hla nkaOkd.dr.; lsÍu fyda fï jirg idfmalI a j wvq lsÍfï b,lal iys; j
hk folg u hg;a l< yels hs' fuh ÿïfld< Ndú;hg wjYH m%;m s ;a;s iy m%cd l%h
s dldrlï ie,iqï l< o
tfrys j .;a jeo.;a mshjrla' tfia u ÿïfld< isú,a iudcfha o iydh ,ndf.k §¾>ld,Sk u;aøjH
ksIm
a dok we;=<;a iEu melÜgqjl u fi!LHhg ydkslr ksjdrK iy m%;l s dr jevms<fs j<la l%h
s d;aul l< hq;=
njg wk;=re we`.ùu iy ksIm a dokj, wvx.= ;dr nj hs fi!LH m%j¾Ok ld¾hdxYfha wOHlaI md,s;
iy ksfldáka m%udKh ms<n s | i|yka l< hq;= hs' tu lreKdfidau i|yka lf<a' flfia fj;;a uoHidr
f,an,h melÜgqfõ m%udKh wkqj lshúh yels whqßka yd ÿïmdkh lrkakkag tfrys j igka lsÍu fjkqjg
meyeÈ,s j fmfkk fia oelaùu wjYH fjkjd' ta l< hq;fa ;a tajdfhys wk;=reodhl nj oekqï §u fuka
úêúOdk lv lrk ljrl= fyda remsh,a 2000 blaujk u uoHidr yd ÿïmdkh lsÍug W;aidy lsÍu kj;d
ovhlg fyda jirlg fkdjeä isro~qjulg fyda ovh oeóu hs' tkï weíneys ùu iuÕ igka lsÍug jvd
yd isr o~qju hk folg u fyda hg;aúh hq;= nj tu th je<elaùu myiq ld¾hhla' fï wkqj ÿïfld< yd
mkf;a i|yka fjkjd' uoHidr ms<n s `o cd;sl wêldÍ mk; kej; Yla;u s ;a
lsÍug mshjr .ekSu ta i`oyd úfYaI odhl;ajhla fokq
óg wu;r j mqo. a ,hka 30 fokl=g jeä m%udKhla we;s'
isák wjia:dfjdaÑ; mßÈ fldgq lrk ,o ia:dkhl
fyda m%foaYhl fyda ÿïmdkh l< fkdyels nj o
mkf;a i|yka' tu úêúOdk lv l< whl=g remsh,a
50"000l ovhlg iy wjqreoaolg jeä isro~qjulg hk
folg u fyda uqyKq §ug isÿfjkjd' ÿïfld< Ndú;h
uÕska rgg wjYH Y%u iïm;a wysñjkjd muKla
fkdj rfÜ ixj¾Okh úYd, miqnEulg ,lafjkjd'
Bg fya;j = ÿïfld< Ndú;fhka yDohdndO" uqL
ms<l
s d" Yajik wdndOj,g f.dÿreùu ksid mqo.a ,hl=
jevlrk ld,h" ld¾hlaIu;dj my; nisk w;r Ôú;
ydks ùfuka Y%un,ldh rgg wysñùu hs' ÿïfld<
iy uoHidr Ndú;h wju lsÍfuka È<s÷lu ;=rKaù
;srir ixj¾Ok b,lal lrd myiqfjka <Õdúh yels
nj f,dal fi!LH ixúOdkh wkdjrKh lrkjd'
ÿïfld< iy uoHidr fya;f = jka rgg orkakg isÿjk
msßjeh ÿïfld< iy uoHidr ;=rka lsÍu uÕska rfÜ
ixj¾Okhg fhdod.; yels nj hs fuhska wjOdrKh
lrkafka'

fï ms<n
s | j woyia olajk fndafkdjk frda.
tallfha wOHlaI ;s,la isßj¾Ok¦ zzY%S ,xldj úiska
w;aika ;nd we;s tlai;a cd;Skf
a .a ixúOdkfha
fndafkdjk frda. j<lajd,Su ms<ns | foaYmd,k
m%ldYfha i|yka mßÈ rch úiska l%h s d;aul ÿïjeá iy

foi;sh 06
2019 wf.daia;= 01
fldf<dïf;dg ke; uy¨ ù
YS% ,xld jrdh wêldßh
msysgqjd fï jirg jir 40la
imsfrkjd' tf;la jrdh fldñIka
iNdj" jrdh ^keõnvq& ixhqla;
uKav,h yd jrdh iei֕ yd
wdrlaIl fiajd ixia:dj hk
wdh;k ;=kla u`.ska fufyhjk
,o fld<U jrdh 1979§ wêldßhla
njg m;a flrefKa jvd;a
ld¾hlaIu fiajdjla mj;ajdf.k
hEfï wruq‚ka' lsishï rgl
jrdhla hkq tys yoj; n÷ hs'
ld¾ñl úma,jfhka miq f,dj
ish¨ u rgj,a cd;Hka;r fjf<|
/,a,g yiq jQ fyhska wd¾Ól
foayfha meje;aug yd ixj¾Okhg
rgl jrdhlska isÿjkafka wk,am
fufyhla'
ol=Kq wdishdfõ fyd|u
jrdhj,ska tlla jkafka fld<U
jrdh hs' W;=re wlaIdxYl 6-57 ;a
kef`.kysr foaYdxYl 79-51;a w;r
N++f.da,Sh msysàul we;s fld<U
jrdh ngysr yd kef.kysr hd
flfrk keõ .ukd.uk ud¾.
hl flakaø.; j msysgd ;sîu
ksid w;S;fha mgka u wrdì" .S%l"
frdau yd m¾ishdkq kdúlhka w;r
m%p,s;j mej;=Kd' tÞ fmrÈ.g
uy;a Ok iïNdrhla Wreu lr ÿka
fiao ms<s /.;a Ök hd;%djkaf.a yd
uOHOrŒ uqyqfoa ießierE fjf<|
fk!ldjkaf.a bkaÈhdkq ihqf¾
yqjudre uOHia:dkh jQfha YS%
,xldj hs' w,s we;=ka" fudKre"
we;ao<" uq;=ue‚la yd l=`Mnvq
yqjudrej tys§ isÿ flreKd' tfy;a
ngysr fjf<`o kdúlhka fld<U
jrdh y÷kd.;af;a 1505 mD;=.SiSka
furgg meñŒfuka miqj hs'
mD;=.SiSka fld<U jrdh jd‚c
jrdhla f,i Ndú; l< o Tjqkfa .ka
miq furg md,kh l< ,kafoais
hq.fha yd ì%;dkH hq.fha uq,a
ld,h f;la furg m%Odk jrdh
f,i Ndú; jQfha .d¨ jrdh hs' 1807
jif¾ fÊ' fldaâk¾ úiska ;nk
,o igyklg wkqj fld<U jrdh
mßmQ¾K jrdhla f,i ye|skaùug
;rï iqÿiq ;;a;ajhla fkd;sì neõ
i|yka fjkjd' l=vd hd;%d lsysmhla
muKla kj;d ;eîug myiqlï
;snQ tys wdrlaIs; f,i hd;%d kj;d
;eìh yels jQfha foieïnrfha
isg wfm%a,a olajd muKla neõ tys
i|yka'
1869 jif¾ iQjia we, újD;
ùu;a iuÕ tu ud¾.h Tiafia wE;
fmrÈ.g hd;%d l< fk!ld fl<ska
u <Õd jQfha .d,a, jrdhg' tu
flá uÕ Tiafia ,kavkfha isg
i;s ;=klska .d,a,g <Õd ùug yels
jQ fyhska .,a w`.=re ,nd .ekSug
yd fj<fy<|dï lghq;= i|yd;a
2019 wf.daia;= 01
ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd
jvd;a m%p,s; jQfha .d¨ jrdh hs'
tfy;a .,amr msysàu;a ksß; È.
fudaiï iufha ±ä iq<Õ;a ksid
.d,a, wkdrlaIs; jrdhla jqKd'
mS' tka' ´ kue;s keõ iud.u
i;= zu,nd¾Z kue;s fk!ldj
.d¨ jrdfha§ úkdY ùfuka miq
fndfyda keõ tu jrdhg msúiSug
ue,slula ±lajQjd' tfyhska .d¨
jrdh ixj¾Okh lsÍu fyda fjk;a
jrdhla ie,iqï lsÍu läkñka
isÿúh hq;a;la jqKd'
wrdîkaf.a yd mD;=.Siskaf.a
m%Odk keõ f;dgla jqj o fld<U
jrdfha fjr<dikak ;Srh
wk;=reÞhl m%foaYhla jqKd'
fld<U jrdhg úYd, fk!ldj,g
meñ‚h fkdyels whqßka úYd,
je,s l÷ .yK j meje;s w;r th
iQjia yd wE; fmrÈ. ud¾.fhka
ie;mqï ;syla muK wE;ska msysgd
;snqKd' tjeks miqìula hgf;a jqj
o fld<U jrdfha NdKav yqjudrej
isÿ flreKd' 1830§ fjf<|du
ms‚i tys meñ‚ keõ ixLHdj
130la jQ w;r wdkhkh l< NdKav
m%udKh fgdka úis oyila muK
jqKd'
tjl w.k.rh fuka u
foaYmd,ksl k.rh o jQfha fld<U'
m%Odk fjf<| jeú,s Èia;s%lal yd
07 foi;sh
ne÷Kq ux udj;a yd ÿïßh fiajd
ish,a, fld<U yd flakaø.; ù
;snqKd' tfyhska fld<U jrdh
kùlrKh lsÍfï jeo.;alu tjl
isá bx.S%is md,lhkag jegyqK o
m%;sixialrK msßjeh w;ska .d¨
jrdhg jvd úYd, uqo,la jeh jk
fyhska Tjqkaf.a ks.ukh jQfha .d¨
jrdh m%;sixialrKh lsÍu jeo.;a
nj hs' fuys§ jeú,slrejkaf.a
ix.uh yd fjf<| uKav,h
tu u;hg ;rfha úreoaO jqKd'
Tjqkg wjYH jQfha fld<U jrdh
kùlrKh fldg m%Odk jrdhla
f,i th Ndú;hg .ekSu hs'
flfia fj;;a bx.S%is rch
Tjqkaf.a u;hg tlÕ fjñka
fld<U jrdh mq`M,a lsÍug mshjr
.;a;d' l%ufhka th f,dj mqrd
m%p,s; jQ w;r wE; fmrÈ.g .uka
.kakd fk!ld fld<Ug meñŒu
isÿ jqKd' iQjia we, újD; lsÍfuka
miq furgg <Õd jQ m<uq fk!ldj
zú,shï ñ,¾Z kue;s fk!ldj hs' ta
1870 fmnrjdß 10 jeks Èk
ksß;È. yd BidkÈ. fudaiï
iq<Õska .d¨ yd ;s%l=Kdu,
jrdhkg ;rï n,mEula fld<U
jrdhg we;s jQfha keye' YS%u;a
fcdaka l=äf.a jd¾;djla wkqj
th ;jÿrg;a ixj¾Okh l< hq;=
njg YS%u;a y¾lshq,sia frdìkaika
wdKavqldrjrhd ;SrKh l<d' tA
wkqj fld<U .,afndlafla isg
úysfok Èhlvkhla bÈlsÍu
i|yd jk fhdackdjla Tyq 1871
§ jHjia:dÞhl uKa;%K iNdjg
bÈßm;a fldg iïu; lr .;a;d'
tu ld¾hh ls%hdjg kexjQfha Tyqg
miqj meñ‚ YS%u;a ú,shï f.%.ß
wdKavqldrjrhd úiskq hs' 1875§
ksß;È. Èhlvkh i|yd tjl
fõ,aiays l=udrhd jQ 7 jeks tâjâ
rc;=ud úiska uq,a., ;enqjd'
zzud tx.,ka;fhka msgùug fmr
hg;a úð; ld¾hd,fha meje;s
idlÉPdjl§ úuiqug ,la jQ
m%Odk ud;Dldjla jQfha ,xldfõ
jrdhkays myiqlï jeäÈhqKq lsÍu
foi;sh 08
2019 wf.daia;= 01
ishjilg wêl
ld,hla mqrd fld<U
jrdfha fufyhqï
lghq;= fm!oa.,sl
iud.ï úiailg wêl
m%udKhla hg;g m;aj
;sfnkjd' tu ld,fha
jrdh fiajlhka ±ä
ÿIalr;djkg uqyqK
ÿka neõ mejfikjd'
tfyhska Èjx.;
w.ue;s tia' ví,shq'
wd¾' ã' nKavdrkdhl
uy;d jrdfha keõ nvq
fufyhqu cki;= lsÍug
mshjr .;a;d'
ms<sn|j hs' iq`M uqo,lska .d¨ jrdh
wk;=re rys; jrdhla njg m;a
lrkjdo@ ke;skï wêl úhoula
ord fld<U jrdh ,xldfõ m%Odk
jrdh njg m;alrkjdo hk
mekh wmg ;snqKd' w.ue;sjrhd
we;=`M weue;s uKav,fha woyi
jQfha wju uqo,lska .d¨ jrdh
ixj¾Okh lsÍu hs' bv myiqlï
iys; wk;=re rys; kùk jrdhla
bÈ lsÍfuka tys meñ‚h yels
keõ ixLHdj ms<sn| j Tjqkaf.a
wjOdkh fhduq jQfha keye' tfy;a
.d¨ jrdfha wk;=reÞhl ;;a;ajh
ud w;aúkaÞ' tx.,ka;fha isg
.d,a,g meñK f.dvniskakg
hdfï§ ud Èfha fkd.s,S fírefKa
wkQkjfhka' uf.a NdKavj,ska
fldgila úkdY jqKd heZZhs
Èhlvkhg uq,a ., ;enQ wjia:dfõ
úfYaI m%ldYhla l< YS%u;a ú,shï
f.%.ß wdKavqldrjrhd m%ldY l<d'
1884 jif¾ w.Nd.fha wä
ydroyia foish oyhla È.e;s
ksß;È. Èhlvkfha bÈlsÍï wjika
jqKd' tA i|yd jeh jQ iuia; jeh
rkamjqï y;a ,laIhla' l%ufhka
keõ úYd, m%udKhla fld<U
jrdfha kjd;eka me;=jd' tfyhska
;j ÿrg;a th mq`M,a l< hq;= jqKd'
tA wkqj 1893 bÈßm;a flreKq
ie,iqï wkqj wä 800l yd 700l
uqjfÞr hq.<la iys;j wä 1100la
È. BidkÈ. Èhlvkh o wä
2470la È. jhUÈ. Èhlvkh o
ksu lrkq ,enqjd' tu`.ska wdjrKh
flreKq c,dYs%; m%foaYh wlalr
yhish y;<sia ;=kla' fld<U
jrdh mQ¾K wdrlaIs; jrdhla
jQfha 1906§ BidkÈ. Èhlvkh
yd 1912§ ksß;È. Èhlvkh ;j;a
È.= lsÍfuka miqj hs' 1882 isg
fld<U jrdfha md,kh mej;sfha
zydn¾ fndaâZ kue;s mßmd,k
uKav,fhka' 1913 miq th fld<U
jrdh fldñIka iNdjg mejreKd'
1950 miq jrdfha md,k lghq;=
mejrefKa zfld<U mßmd,k
mk;Z kï wd× mk; hg;g'
1950 § jrdfha ixj¾Ok lghq;=
m%xY iud.ulg mejreKq w;r
Tjqka hgf;a /ðk md,u yd
fv,a*aÜ ;gdlh bÈflreKd' tu
lghq;= i|yd jeh flreKq uqo,
remsh,a 56342270la' ishjilg
wêl ld,hla mqrd fld<U jrdfha
fufyhqï lghq;= fm!oa.,sl
iud.ï úiailg wêl m%udKhla
hg;g m;aj ;sfnkjd' tu ld,fha
jrdh fiajlhka ±ä ÿIalr;djkg
uqyKq ÿka neõ mejfikjd' tfyhska
Èjx.; w.ue;s tia' ví,sh'q wd¾'
ã' nKavdrkdhl uy;d jrdfha
keõ nvq fufyhqu cki;= lsÍug
mshjr .;a;d' tA 1958 wf.dai;a = 1jeks
Èk fv,a*Ü a ;gdlfha kex.=rï ,d
;snQ iagd¾,hska tkag¾m%hi
s a kï
fk!ldfõ isg hs' t;eka isg 1979
jk ;=re keõnvq fufyhùfï
lghq;= Ndr jQfha jrdh ^keõnvq&
ixhql; a uKav,h" jrdh fldñIka
iNdj yd jrdh iei֕ yd wdrlaIl
fiajd ixia:djg hs' wdh;k ;=kla
u`.ska fufyùï lghq;= isÿ lsÍfï§
mek keÕ=Kq ÿIalr;d wju lr
.ekSu i|yd 1979§ jrdh wêldßh
ìys flreKd' fï jk úg th jir
40la imqrd ;sfnkjd'

fkdìf|k ìf|k n÷ka
ú YajúoHd," mdi,a"
m¾fhaIK wdh;k"
wdfrda.HYd,d we;=¿
rdcH iy fm!oa.,sl
wdh;k i|yd wjYH
jk úoHd;aul ùÿre
NdKav (Scientific
Glassware) wdkhkh
lsÍug Y%S ,xldj
jd¾Isl j jeh
lrkafka úYd, uqo,la'
fï ùÿre NdKav
blaukska ìf|kiq¨
neúka kej; kej;
wdkhkh lsÍug o isÿ
fjkjd'
úoHd;aul ùÿre WmlrK
w¨;ska u ksmoùu;a levqKq" ñ,
wêl úoHd;aul ùÿre WmlrK
kej; Ndú;hg .; yels jk fia
ieliSu;a le,‚h úYajúoHd,fha
úoHdmSGfha ùÿre WmlrK
ks¾udK uOHia:dkh uÕska isÿ
flfrkafka msgrgg .,d hk
m¾fha
m¾fhaIIKK
ldxpkd isßj¾Ok
úYd, uqo,a m%udKhla b;sß lrñka'
we;eï m¾fhaIK i|yd wjYH jk
úfYaIs; úoHd;aul ùÿre WmlrK
wjYH;dj wkqj ilid §u o
fuys§ isÿ flfrkjd'
úoHd;aul ùÿre WmlrK
ks¾udK uOHia:dkfha
iïnkaëldrl ridhk úoHd
wxYfha uydpd¾h pkaÈud chiQßh
ta iïnkaOfhka woyia oelajQfha
fuf,iska¦ zzúoHd.dr ;=< Ndú;
jk úoHd;aul ùÿre WmlrK
;ekSu i|yd fhdod .kafka
wêl WIaK;ajhg Tfrd;a;= fok
ta jf.a u laI‚l WIaK;aj
úoHd.dr ;=< Ndú; jk fjkiaùïj,§ fkdìf|k" bß
úoHd;aul ùÿre WmlrK fkd;,k úfYaIs; ùÿre j¾.hla'
;ekSu i|yd fhdod fï ùÿre wêl WIaK;ajhlg
r;alr øj njg m;a lsÍfuka
.kafka wêl WIaK;ajhg
wjYH yevh ilia lr.kakjd'
Tfrd;a;= fok ta jf.au
bkamiq WIaK;ajh b;du;a fiñka
laI‚l WIaK;aj wvq lrñka ldur WIaK;ajhg hs
fjkiaùïj,§ fkdìf|k" m;a lr.kafka' fï i|yd wjYH
bß fkd;,k úfYaIs; hkaf;%damlrK iy mqyqKq Ys,amSka
wm uOHia:dkh i;= hs' we;eï
ùÿre j¾.hla'
2019 wf.daia;= 01
09 foi;sh
m¾fhaIlhkag wjYH fjkjd
;uka úiska ks¾udKh lrk
fudaia;rh wkqj úfYaIs; ùÿre
WmlrK idojd.ekSug' fï
uOHia:dkfha§ tjeks úfYaIs;
wjYH;d wkqj ùÿre WmlrK
ieliSu o isÿ fjkjd' úoHd.drj,
mßyrKfha§ leãhk ñ, wêl
ùÿre NdKav ms<silr lsÍu flá
ld,hla we;=<; isÿ l< yels
w;r ta i|yd jeh jkafka o
iq¿ uqo,la' fï iïnkaOfhka
oekqj;a msßi ta fiajdj wfmka
,nd.kakjd' fï ms<sn| mqyqKq
mdGud,d o wm úYaúúoHd,h
uÕska mj;ajk w;r bÈßfha§
mqyqKqj i|yd n|jd .kakd
msßi jeä lsÍug;a ie,iqï lr
;sfnkjd'ZZ
foi;sh 10
2019 wf.daia;= 01
úYajúoHd,hSh uQ,H m%;smdok
úoHd.drj, mßyrKfha§
uÕska úoHd;aul ùÿre ksmoùu
leãhk ñ, wêl ùÿre iy ms<silr lsÍfï uQ,sl myiqlï
NdKav ms<silr lsÍu ridhk úoHd wOHhk wxYh ;=<
flá ld,hla we;=<; ia:dms; flrefKa 1990 jif¾§'
ta" tjlg ridhk úoHd wxYfha
isÿ l< yels w;r ta fcHIaG lÓldpd¾hjrhl=
i|yd jeh jkafka o iq¿ f,i lghq;= l< wdpd¾h lS¾;s
uqo,la' fï iïnkaOfhka úl%uisxyf.a ixl,amhlg wkqj
uydpd¾h tï' tï' fÊ' udrisxy
oekqj;a msßi ta fiajdj
Wml=,m;sjrhdf.a mQ¾K iyfhda.
wfmka ,nd.kakjd' fï fhka' ta wdldrfhka ridhk úoHd
ms<sn| mqyqKq mdGud,d o wOHhk wxYfha wdrïN jQ fï
wm úYaúúoHd,h uÕska myiqlu wo jk úg jvd;a ÈhqKq ù
we;af;a jeo.;a mshjr .Kkdjla
mj;ajk w;r bÈßfha§ Tiafia'
mqyqKqj i|yd n|jd
le,‚h úYajúoHd,h yd
.kakd msßi jeä lsÍug;a
ì%;dkHfha .a,diaf.da úYajúoHd,h
ie,iqï lr ;sfnkjd' w;r ia:dms; jQ Ôj ridhk
úoHd iyfhda.s;d jevigyk
hgf;a hs fï úoHd;aul ùÿre
WmlrK ks¾udK uOHia:dkh
werfUkafka' fuys§ ì%;dkH
ljqkais,h uÕska iemhQ uqo,a
m%;smdok u; ridhk úoHd
wOHhk wxYfha ld¾ñl ks,OdÍ
tï' ;s,lr;ak fhduq lf<a
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,enQ m<uq ,dxlslhd Tyq hs'
1999 jif¾§ úoHd yd
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WmlrK ks¾udK uOHia:dkh wo
mj;sk ;;a;ajhg f.k taug w;s
oejeka; msgqjy,la ù ;sfnkjd'
fï uOHia:dkh cd;sl uÜgfï
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fuys lemS fmfkk ldrKhla'
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2019 cqks ui 17
jeks Èkg jir 60
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ksñ;af;ka'
le ,‚ iriú b;sydihg
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wdl%uKfhka miq tf;la mej;s
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msßila ìys lsÍu fujeks w.%.kH
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jykafia jkafka mKaä;dpd¾h
r;au,dfka YS% O¾udf,dal iajdóka
jykafia hs' Wkajykafia ls'% j' 1860
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Ydia;% Yd,djla wdrïN lr .sys meúÈ
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mshjfrys kj mßÉfþohla ,xld
b;sydifha iksgy q ka lrñka' tu
hq. fufyjr bÈßhg mj;ajd f.k
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jykafia jQfha;a tA m%Yia; .=re
N+ñldj ksid' tA id¾jfN!u mKaä;
r;au,dfka YS% O¾udrdu iajdñka
2019 wf.daia;= 01
iajdñka jykafia wmj;aùfuka 50
jeks .=Kdkqiu a rK mqfkHda;ia jfha§
O¾udf,dal úoHd,h;a .=rel=,
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iajdóka jykafiaf.a iufha§'
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úYajúoHd,hla f,i kS;. s ; jQ
úoHd,xldr úYajúoHd,fha m<uq
l=,m;s iajdñka jykafia jQfha
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11 foi;sh

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le|úh hq;= hs'
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msßñ isik q a muKla thg we;=<;a
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jQfha ndOdjla' thg úi÷ula
jYfhka 1960 - 1961 j¾Ij,§
o¿.u zuhsk¾ lEïmaZ kue;s wlalr
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foi;sh 12
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ks, jYfhka wdrïN jQfha' tA wkqj
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yels iqúfYaIS ,laIKhla' tA wkqj
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úoHd,xldr uKavmhZ f,i ye¢ka
jQ úYajúoHd,h 1977 ckjdß 01
jeks Èk isg le,‚h úYajúoHd,h
kñka iajdëk úYajúoHd,hla njg
m;a jqKd' t;eka isg Wml=,m;sjre
17 fokl= hgf;a md,kh jQ
le,‚h úYajúoHd,fhys 60 jeks
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ämaf,daud wfmalI a lhka fooyi
blaujñka le,‚ iriúfha
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fufyhqulg iïnkaO ù ;sîu hs'
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foi;sh 14
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md¾Yajh o iïndOl ,sys,a lsÍug
leue;a; m< l<d'
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ksyd,a mSßia isákafka wehg mek.; fkdyels
; ud w.ue;s Oqrfhka b,a,d
wiajk nj ì%;dkHfha
ysgmq w.ue;sks f;f¾id fï
miq .sh cqks udifha ksfõokh
lsÍu;a iuÕ ld ;=<;a l=;=y,h
±k jQ ldrKh jqfKa trg B<Õ
w.ue;sjrhd ljqreka jkq we;a
o hkak hs' udi tlyudrlg
wdikak ld,hla ;siafia we§
.sh ls%hdj,shlska wk;=re j ±ka
trgg w¨;a w.ue;sjrhl= ,eî
;sfnkjd' Tyq l,la f;f¾id fï
f.a leìkÜ uKav,fha úfoaY
f,alïjrhl= f,i o lghq;= l<
fndßia fcdkaika' fndßia miq.sh
cq,s 24 jeks Èk fojeks t<sifn;a
uy /ðk yuq ù ì%;dkHfha kj
w.ue;sjrhd f,i jev Ndr.;a;d'
ysgmq w.ue;sks f;af¾id fï o Bg
fmr uy /ðK uqK .eiS ;udf.a
b,a,d wiaùu .ek ks, jYfhka
±kqï ÿkakd'
flfia fj;;a weh uqyqK ÿka
w¾nqohg miqìï jQ .eg¨ ;ju;a
úi£ fkdue;s w;r fndßiag o
bÈßfha§ b;d wiSre wNsfhda.
/ilg uqyqK §ug isÿjkq we;s
nj ryila fkdfj hs' f;f¾id
fï Oqrfhka úis ù hdug n,mE
m%Odku ldrKh jQfha fn%laisÜ
(Brexit) fyj;a ì%;dkHh hqfrdamd
ix.ufha idudðl;ajfhka
bj;a ùfï ls%hdj,shg ksis
wdldrfhka kdhl;ajh §ug;a th
l<ukdlrKh lr .ekSug;a weh
wiu;a ùu hs' ±ka lõre;a n,d
jQ fï lvq,a, ch .ekSug fndßia
fcdkaika iu;a jkq we;a o lshd hs'
f;f¾id fïg ;j jir 3 lg
lsÜgq ld,hla w.ue;s Oqrfha
lghq;= lsÍug b;sß j ;sìh§
wehg yÈisfha tu Oqrfhka b,a,d
wiaùug isÿ jQfha ukao hkak o
fuys§ isysm;a lsÍu jeo.;a' fndßia
fcdkaika yuqfõ we;s wNsfhda.
f;areï .; yels jkafka o fuf;la
È. yereKq tu isÿùï Þuh wjfndaO
lr .ekSfuka muK hs' tys jeo.;a
u wjia:djla jQfha 2016 jif¾
trg meje;s cku; úpdrKh hs'
tys§ PkaoÞhlhkaf.ka úuid
n,k ,oafoa ì%;dkHh ;jÿrg;a
hqfrdamd ix.ufha idudðlhl=
f,i isáh hq;= o keoao hkak hs'
ì%;dkH ck;djf.ka nyq;rhla
;SrKh lf<a tu idudðl;ajfhka
bj;a úh hq;= nj' rgj,a 28
lska iukaú; hqfrdamd ix.uh
;=< isàfuka ì%;dkHfha wd¾Ól
ksoyi" ixialD;sl wkkH;dj jeks
ldrKdj,g n,mEula t,a, jk nj
fmdÿ ms<s.ekSu jqKd'
cku; úpdrKfhka miqj
f;f¾id fï w.ue;skshg mejreKq
úYd,u j.lSu jQfha ì%;dkHh
hqfrdamd ix.ufhka fjkaùug
wÞ< .súiqï ilia lsÍfï§ ì%;dkH
md¾Yajhg kdhl;ajh §u hs' §¾>
iy fjfyilr ls%hdÞuhlska
miq fuhg udi lsysmhlg fmr
fï ms<sn| .súiqï flgqïm;la
ilia flreKd' lsysm jrla u
fï flgqïm; md¾,sfïka;=fõ §
2019 wf.daia;= 01
mrdchg m;a jQ w;r wjidkfha
ysgmq w.ue;sksh iïnkaOfhka
md¾,sfïka;=fõ fuka u mCIfha o
jeä msßilf.a úYajdihla ke;s nj
fmkqKd' mlaIfha kdhl;ajfhka
fuka u w.ue;s Oqrfhka o bj;a
ùug wehg n, flfrk ;;a;ajhla
we;s jQfha fï miqìu ;=< hs'
flfia fj;;a f;f¾id fï f.a
kdhl;ajfhka hq;=j ilia l<
.súiqug jvd fyd| .súiqula ilia
lr .ekSug fndßia fcdkaikag
yels fõú o@ fuh b;d ixlS¾K
m%Yakhla' thg tla fya;=jla kï
fï .súiqu iïnkaOfhka hqfrdamd
ix.uh o b;d ±ä ia:djrhl
isàu hs' Tjqka ±kg ;sfnk .súiqfï
ixfYdaOk isÿ lsÍug t;rï leue;s
njla fmfkkakg ;snqfKa keye'
th f;f¾id fï o uqyqK ÿka
.eg¨jla jqKd' fndßia fcdkaika
mjikafka Tjqka thg iQÞkï
ke;skï .súiqulska f;dr j
ì%;dkHh hqfrdamd ix.ufhka bj;a
lr .ekSug ;uqka mshjr .kakd
nj hs' kuq;a fujeks mshjrla jqj
o ì%;dkHhg ys;lr fkdjkq we;s
njg we;eï md¾Yaj fj;ska woyia
m<fjkjd' tfia kï l< hq;af;a
l=ula o@ fndßia fcdkaika fï
w¾nqoh ljrdldrfhka ch.kq we;a
o hkak ±ka ì%;dkH cd;slhka
muKla fkdj cd;Hka;r ldrKd
.ek Wkkaÿj olajk ljqre;a
l=;=y,fhka hq;=j n,d isák
ldrKhla njg m;a j ;sfnkjd'
15 foi;sh
 ksyd,a mSßia
y|g mekak
fhdaO msïu mD
nyskk
Óúfhka msg; ie;mqï ,laI .Kkla
wE; msyá
a ñksik
s fjk;a zf,dalhlgZ f.dv
q ga yels jkq we;e hs wE;
w;S;fha úiQ wfma uq;k = a ñ;a;ka lsiús fgl
fkdis;kakg we;s' tfy;a tA is;ú s ,s fndre
lrñka" ie;mqï 240"000 la ^ls'ó' 380"000la&
wE; wyfia wm jgd .uka lrñka ;sfnk
i| u; md ;eîug fuhg jir 50 lg
fmr m<uq j;djg ñksik q a fofokl= iu;a
jqKd' th ñksia j¾.hd ,enQ w;s±jeka;
ch.%yKhla' wNHjldY .fõIKfha iy
thg wÞ< ;dCIKfha fhdaO bÈß msïula
iksgyq ka lsÍug fï isoê a h iu;a jQ nj lsj
yels hs'

kS,a we,avka wdïiafg%dk a a iy tâúka

bhqðka ´,aäk % a hk weußldkq wNHjldY
.dóka fofokd fï wdldrfhka m<uq jrg
i| u; md ;enqfõ 1969 cQ,s ui 21 jeksÞ
hs' Tjqka fofokd ;j;a .uka i.hl= jQ
uhsl,a fld,ski a a o iuÕ mDÓúfhka msg;a
jQfha cq,s 16 jeksÞ hs' weußldkq wNHjldY
wdh;kh jk kdid wdh;kfha fufyhqula
jQ fï jHdmD;sh ye¢kajf q Ka zwemf,da
11Z hkqfjka' Bg fmr lsis Þ w;ayÞ n,d
fkd;snK q q fï .uk ieneúka u Ôú;h
mrÿjg ;nd hd hq;= .ukla jqKd' tA ksid
fï wNHjldY.dókaf.a wd;au úYajdih"
tä;rnj iy ffO¾hh o úfYaIfhka
i|yka l< hq;= ldrKd' hï fyhlska
l=ula fyda wlr;eínhla isÿ ù kS,a iy
tâúka fofokd i| u; fldgq jqKd
kï l=i.skf a ka ñh hdug fyda Èú kid
.ekSug Tjqkg a isÿjkakg ;snK q q nj fï
pdßldfjka miq tla ks,Odßhl= i|yka lr
;snKq d'

cQ,s ui 16 jeksÞ mDÓúfhka msg;a jQ

kS,"a tâúka iy uhsl,a ;sfokd if|ys
lCIhg <Õd jQfha Èk ;=klg miqj"
tkï cQ,s 19 jeksÞ hs' thska miq uhsl,a
fld,ski a a m%Odk hdkh i| jgd mojdf.k
hñka isáh§ kS,a iy tâúka fofokd
thg iïnkaO lr ;snQ ;j l=vd hdkhlg
we;=¿ jqKd' Tjqka fofokd i| u; f.dv
niskk a g kshñ; j ;snf q Ka fï l=vd pkaø
hdkfhka' th kï lr ;snf q Ka zB.,aZ
^rdcd,shd& hkqfjkq hs' wk;=re j fï

foi;sh 16
2019 wf.daia;= 01
pkaø hdkh zfldf,dïìhdZ kñka
ye¢kajKq q uõ hdkfhka fjka
flreKq w;r th fifuka my;g
.uka lr cQ,s ui 20 jeks Èk i|
u;g f.dv neiaid' B.,a hdkh
m%Odk hdkfhka fjka ù i| olajd
.uka lrk w;r;=r b;d ;%dickl
wjia:d lsym s hlg u uqyK
q §ug
tys isá fofokdg isÿ j ;snK q d'
jrla hdkh ;=< ;snQ mß.Klj,ska
tl È.g u jdf.a wk;=re weÕùï
ix× ksl; = a ùug mgka .;a nj;a
th úi|d .; fkdyels jQ ;ek i|
u; f.dvneiSu wj,x.= lr kej;
meñfKkjd o hk woyi mjd u;=
jQ nj;a i|yka fjkjd' tfy;a
wk;=re weÕùfï ix× mß.Klfha
hï .eg¨jla ksid u;= jQ tAjd
nj fidhd .ekSu;a iuÕ f,dl=
wk;=rla ke;s nj jgyd .ekSfuka
miq hdkh i| u; f.dv neiaiùug
;SrKh l<d' B.,a hdkh f.dv
neiaiùug is;df.k isá ia:dkhg
th f.dv neiaiùug fkdyels
ùfuka o hï jHdl+,;ajhla u;=j
;snQ w;r hdkfha bkaOk uÜgu
wvq ùfï .eg¨jla o we;s ù ;snK q d'
miqj tys fÞr újr lr .ekSfï
m%Yk
a hla mek ke.=Kq nj;a i|yka
fjkjd' flfia fj;;a" fï lsij s la
f,dl= m%Yka njg m;a fkdjQ ksid
m<uq i| .uk lsiÿs .eg¨jlska
f;drj id¾:l lr .ekSug yels
jqKd' tfy;a hdkh ;=< by; lS
.eg¨ u;= fjoa§ kS,a iy tâúka
fofokd ;rula fkdikaik q a ù isá
njla o jd¾;d fjkjd'
Tjqka fofokd B.,a hdkfha
fÞr újr lrf.k bka msg;g
ú;a i| u; md ;enqfõ cQ,s ui 21
jeks Èk .sk% É
s fõ,dfjka w¨hï
ld,fha hs' i| u; md ;enQ m<uq
ñksid ùfï f.!rjh ysñ jQfha
kS,a wdïiafg%dk
a g
a hs' tA jk úg
39 jeks úfhys miq jQ Tyq b;d
m<mqreÿ" olaI kshuqjl= f,i hs
ie,l=fKa' iuia; i| .ufka m%Odk
wK fok kshuqjd f,i lghq;=
lf<a;a Tyq hs' uhsl,a fld,skia a
zfldf,dïìhdZ hdkfha kshuqjd jQ
w;r ´,aäk % a B.,a hdkfha kshuqjd
f,i lghq;= l<d' fï i| .uk
i|yd mqyK q ù q ï iy w;ayÞ ne,Sïj,
ksr;j isáh § Bg fmr jif¾ ^1968&
jrla kS,a wdïiafg%dka a urKfhka
.e, ù ;snf q Ka wkQ kjfhka'
hï w;ayÞne,Sula i|yd hdkhla
mojñka isáh§ tys md,l moaO;sj,
we;s jQ fodaIhla fya;f = jka hdkh
Tyqf.a md,kfhka .s,y s S .shd' th
fmdf<djg lvd jefgkakg wdikak
j ;sìh§ kS,a Tyqf.a merIqgh
wdOdrfhka msg;g mek .ekSug
iu;a jQ w;r Bg fudfyd;lg miq
hdkh lvd jeà .sks cd,djla njg
m;a j ;snK
q d'
kS,a wdïiafg%dk
a a cQ,s ui 21
jeks Èk i| u; m<uq md igyk
;nñka mejiQ joka tl /hska f,dj
B.,a hdkh f.dv
neiaiùug is;df.k
isá ia:dkhg th f.dv
neiaiùug fkdyels ùfuka
o hï jHdl+,;ajhla u;=j
;snQ w;r hdkfha bkaOk
uÜgu wvq ùfï .eg¨jla
o we;s ù ;snK
q d' miqj
tys fÞr újr lr .ekSfï
m%Yka hla mek ke.=Kq
nj;a i|yka fjkjd'
mqrd m%ios ê
a hg m;a jqKd' zfuh tla
ñksil=f.a l=vd mshjrla muK hs'
tfy;a ñksia ixy;sh mskQ fhdaO
msïulaZ hehs Tyq tys§ m%ldY l<d'
kS,a iy tâúka meh 2 l=;a úkdä
12 l muK ld,hla hdkfhka msg;
.; l<d' tys§ hï hï m¾fhaIK
isÿ lsÍug lghq;= l< w;r if|ys
mia iy .,a idïm, /f.k tAu o
Tjqka fj; mejÍ ;snQ lghq;;
a la'
fï fofokd i| u; isáh tl,
weußldfõ ckdêm;s moúh ±rE
ßpâ ksli a ka Oj, ukaÈrfha isg
Tjqka iuÕ ÿrl;kfhka l;dnyl
2019 wf.daia;= 01
ksr; jQ nj o mejfikjd' fuh
Oj, ukaÈrfha isg .kakd ,o
ft;sydisl u ÿrl;k weu;=u
jkq we;e hs Tyq tys § i|yka lr
;sfnkjd' ksli a ka ckdêm;sjrhd
fï wNHjldY.dókaf.a lghq;= uy;a
fia w.h lrñka l;d lr ;snK q ;a
tA jkúg jeä fokl= fkd±k isá
;j;a l;djla Tyq iQÞkï lrf.k
isá nj hs mejfikafka' hï fyhlska
.uk jer§ kS,a iy tâúka fofokd
ioyg u i| u; fldgq jQjd kï Tyq
cd;sh wu;d lrkakg isá l;dj hs
tA' wcgdldY.dóka fofokdg i| u;
Ôú;h mqo lsÍug isÿjk ;;a;j a hla
brKu úiska ;Skÿa lrkq ,en we;s
nj tys i|yka jqKd' ;uka fírd
.ekSu .ek n,dfmdfrd;a;= ;eìh
fkdyels neõ kS,a iy tâúka okakd
nj;a" tfy;aa Tjqka l< mß;Hd.h
ñksia j¾.hd fj; n,dfmdfrd;a;=
/ila b;sß lrkakla nj;a tys
i|yka jqKd'
flfia fj;;a tjeks lsisÿ
wdmÞjla isÿ fkdjQ w;r kS,a iy
tâúka kej; ish pkaø hdkfhys
keÕS if|ka msg;a jqKd' pkaø
hdkh i| u; ;snQ uq¿ ld,h meh
21 l=;a úkdä 36 la nj i|yka
fjkjd' B<Õg ;snqfKa pkaø
hdkh kej; fldf,dïìhd uõ
hdkh iuÕ iïnkaO lsÍu hs' b;d
;SrKd;aul lghq;a;la jQ fuh o
id¾:l j ksu lsÍug yels jQ w;r
bkamiq kS,a" tâúka iy uhsl,a
;sfokd cQ,s ui 24 jeks Èk
kej; mDÓúh fj; fiakaÿ jqKd'
zwemf,da 11Z m<uq i| .uk
tf,i iksgqyka l<;a th tlu
i| .uk jQfha keye' ñksiqka i|
fj; /f.k .sh ;j;a jHdmD;s
lsysmhla u thska miqj o ls%hd;aul
jqKd' tys wjika jHdmD;sh jQfha
1972 jif¾ ls%hd;aul jQ wemf,da
17 jHdmD;sh hs' kS,a iy tâúka
fofokdf.ka miq ;j;a wcgdldY
.dóka 10 fokl= i| u; md
nkakg iu;a jqKd'
17 foi;sh
PdhdrEmh - ohdka ú;drK

foi;sh 18
2019 wf.daia;= 01
ljrfha l;dj
ljrfha l;dj
ófoksh j,õfõ
w;a;ïud
whsrdx.kS fiarisxy
weh f¾Ldfõ l;sßkd'
nlauy §f.a <ud;ekS'
i jia hdufha weh ;u ksjfia
wd,skoa fha wiqka f.k wjg
mßirfhka kefÕk l=re¨ l+ckhg
ijka § isákjd' ksfji bÈßmi we;s
hfYdardjfha iqÿ úi,a wei< .iska .s,f s yk u,afm;s
ydñfka' ¥orefjdays ñÿ, mqrd mdjv t,d we;s fia hs' fmr
fuka läir j jevlghq;j = , ksr
s ;
v,ais wdÉÑ' fï úh fkdyelss jqj o weh ;ju;a ;u
ish¨ pß; tl u rx.k Èúhg kej;Su ;nd keye'
yqfol,dfõ is;ú s ,s w;r lsñfok
rEmldhl leá jQ
iEu fudfyd;l u wef.a is;ú s ,s
nyqúO pß;' weh iam¾Y lrkafka rejkaje,af,a uQÿf.
whsrdx.kS frdlaidkd duqj .ïudkfha ófoksh j,õfõ
f.jqKq ;u <ud úh hs' udjjq,kaf.a"
ófoksh' újdyfhka fldrjlalkaf.a f;drf;daxÑhla
miq fiarisxy njg m;a ke;s lE.eiSï" .eñ f.orl
w;a;ïud flkl= nK fmd;l
weh isxy, yd bx.S%is msgqjla lshjk y~"
fõÈldj" iskudj iy .=ref.dv Tfha mdre mÈkakkaf.a
mdre lú wef.a u;lhg kefÕkjd'
rEmjdysksh hk l,d tA ish,a, isyf s kka .E iqj|la hehs
udOHh ;=k u ch.;a wehg ysf;kjd' fï jk úg weh
92 yeúßÈ w;a;ïud flfkla' ;u
;ju;a rx.kfha
Ôú;h ;udg u mykla fldg
fhfok wm w;r isák fkd.;a weh ;ud Wmka ìfï
jfhdjDoaO u tfuka u ck;dj fj; o tA wdf,dalh /f.k
.shd' mdi,a fõÈldfjka rx.khg
olaI;u pß;dx. msúis weh ;ju;a ;u rx.k
ks<sh hs' úYajúoHd, l=i,;dfjka iqjyila rislhkaf.a
Ôú; wdf,dalfhka mqrjd,kjd'
Wmdêhla w;e;s j
iskudjg msúis m%:u weh f¾Ldfõ l;sßkd' nlauy
§f.a <ud;ekS' hfYdardjfha iqÿ
ks<sh jkafkao wehhss' ydñfka' ¥orefjdays v,ais wdÉÑ'
2019 wf.daia;= 01
ms%hkacka iqf¾Ia o is,ajd
fï ish¨ pß; tl u rEmldhl
leá jQ nyqúO pß;' weh whsrdx.kS
frdlaidkd ófoksh'
újdyfhka miq fiarisxy njg
m;a weh isxy, yd bx.Si% s fõÈldj"
iskudj iy rEmjdyskh s hk
l,d udOHh ;=k u ch.;a ;ju;a
rx.kfha fhfok wm w;r isák
jfhdajDoaO u tfuka u olaI;u
pß;dx. ks<h s hs' úYajúoHd,
Wmdêhla w;e;s j iskudjg msúis
m%:u ks<hs jkafkao weh hs's
1927 cqks 21 jeks Èk
rejkaje,a,g wdikak uQÿf.duqj
.ïudkfha ófoksh j,õfõ Wm;
,o whsrdx.kS ófoksh fld<U
idka; ì%cÜ lkHdrdufhka" ìfIdma
úoHd,fhka yd uykqjr Wiia
nd,sld úoHd,fhka wOHdmkh
,enqjd' idka; ì%cÜ lkHdrdufha
l=vd ±ßhl f,i mdi,a fõÈldfõ
zfjdag¾ fíîiaz kï kdglfha rÕk
úg wef.a jhi wjqreÿ 6 hs' miqj
uykqjr Wiia nd,sld úoHd,fha
Wiia fm< yÞrk wjÈfha mdi,a
fõÈldjg f.k wd n¾kdâ fIdaf.a
zms.fa u,shkaZ kdgHfha m%Odk
pß;h rÕmEfõ weh hs' Wiia fm<
iu;a jQ wehg 1947 § úYajúoHd,hg
msúiSfï jrï ysñ jqKd' tfy;a wef.a
mshd jQ Tlai* a ¾â úYajúoHd,fha
W.;a ófoksh rfÜ uy;a;hd ;u
19 foi;sh
Èh‚h úYajúoHd,hlg hkjdg
t;rï leu;s jqfKa keye' zzTn
tA úIu;dfjka msreKq .=ydjg
hkjg ux leu;s keyeZZ hkak
wef.a mshdf.a u;h jqKd' tA jk
úg;a wef.a ×;s fidfydhqrl=
úYajúoHd, wOHdmkh ,nñka
isá w;r Tyq rfÜ uy;a;hdg
whsrdx.kS úYajúoHd,hg hjk
fuka lrk ,o weúá,s ksid
wjidkfha wehg tA i|yd wjir
,enqKd' weh úYajúoHd,fha
m<uq jir f.joa§ wef.a mshd
fuf,dj yer .shd'
fhdjqka úfha mgka weh ;=<
iudcjd§ woyia jefvkakg
jqKd' Bg n,mEfõ wef.a
×;shl= jQ jfï jHdmdrfha
n,lKqjla j isá tiaukaâ
úl%uisxy yd wef.a ×;s
fidfydhqrkaf.a wdNdih hs'
,xld úYajúoHd,h wef.a
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u Wiia kdgHhla rx..;
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;j;a jir folla ,kavka rx.
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foi;sh 20
2019 wf.daia;= 01
kdgH l,d wOHdmkh
,nd h<s furgg meñ‚
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2019 wf.daia;= 01
iy .dñŒg ,enqKd' ug u;l hs
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pß;h ms<sn| j ukd wjfndaOhlska
miq;,hg meñfKk weh jeks
l,dldßkshka iuÕ lghq;= lsÍu
kd,ka fukaäia
m%ùK Ñ;%mg wOHlaI
wOHlaIljrhl=g fndfydu myiq
hs' zwïuhs ;d;a;hsZ"zmdrd§ihZ"zTn
ljqoZ"z¥jreZ jeks fg,skdgHj,oS
th ud fyd|ska w;aÿgqjd'
hï cjksldjla m<uq wjia:dfõ
u ksjerÈ j leurd ldpfha
igyka lsÍug yels wkaofï
rx. m%;sNdjla weh i;= nj ud
okafka w;aoelSfuka' wksl=;a
rx.k Ys,amSka iuÕ mj;ajk
iïnkaO;dj úfYaIfhka w.h
l< hq;= hs' fcHIaG yd kjl
k¿ks<shka hkqfjka fjkila
ke;sj u weh ish,a,ka iuÕ
lghq;= lrkafka b;du;a iqyo
j' weh fonia WÉpdrKh
lrk wdldrh kjlhkag fyd|
wNHdihla ,ndfokjd' hï ks¾udK
lghq;a;lg iïnkaO jQ miq b;d
u iyfhda.fhka lghq;= lrk
l,d Ys,amskshla úÈyg hs ud wehj
y÷kd.kafka'
ffjoH Wmfoia fkd;ld
weh uE;la jk;=re u rx.k
fg,skdgHl uQ,ls moku
;sfnkafka msgmf;a' msgm;
iuÕ fyd¢ka .kqfokq lr
;d;aúl rx. m%;sNdj
;ukaf.a pß;h ms<n s |j
ukd wjfndaOhlska miq;,hg
fm%alaIl yo fidrd .;a;d
meñfKk weh jeks
l,dldßkshka iuÕ lghq;=
lsÍu wOHlaIljrhl=g
zf¾
ks¾udKfhka
LdjZ
iskud
zid.rhla ueoZ
iskudmgfha
mrïmrd l=,
fndfydu myiq hs' whsrdx.kS .¾jfhka ysi
fiarisxy Wÿïud.;a jhia.;
lghq;=j, ksr; jQfha rx.kh rx. l,djg ro< ldka;djlf.a
;rug i;=gla f.kfok ;j;a ,ndÿkafka iajrEmh weh úiska
hula wehg fkdjQ neúka' jhia.; iqúfYaI ksrEmKh lrkafka
ùu;a iuÕ we;sjk YdÍßl ÿn,;d jákdlula' o úYsIag wkaoñka'
mjd uÕyrjd .ksñka ;uka m%:u j;djg wm ߧ ;srfha fuka
Ndr.;a ks¾udK lghq;a;g Wmßu isxy, ߧ ;srfha u mqxÑ ;srfha
idOdrKhla bgq lsÍug weh lrk ;d;aúl rx.kh o weh bÈßm;a
lemlsÍu m%YxikSh hs' kj mrmqf¾ ÿgqfõ wehf.ka' lf<a m%Yia;
l,dYs,amSkag iy Ys,amskshkag w;sYfhdala;sh" fia u m%YxikSh
wehf.a Ôú;fhka Wlyd.; yels Ndjd;sIh jQ rx.khla'
.=Kdx. fndfydauhla ;sfnkjd' rx.k ú,dih rùkaø rkafoksh z¥orefjda Z jeks
;=< isr j isá m%ùK rx.Or fg,sjD;a;dka;j,
fg,skdgH lafIa;%h ;=< weh wm j thska oßø;dfjka u
j ksrka;rfhka f;dard .ekqfKa .,jd .ksñka" weh jfrl ug .=rejßhl fkdfm¿K o my<
ujf.a pß;hg' tfia jqj;a tys fmdf<dfõ o jQ j. ud úfYaIfhka uOHu mdx;sl
iqúfYaI;ajh jQfha weh ksrEmKh mh .id Ôj;a mjq,l ish,a, ord
l< ish¨ uõjrekaf.a pß; jk ñksiqkaf.a i|yka l< hq;= hs' ud isák ldka;djl
tllg tlla yd;amiska u fjkia ienE iajrEmh ,hk,a fjkaâÜ rx. Ys,am f,i wef.a
iajrEmhla .ekSu hs' úúO iudc iskudjg Yd,sldfõ rx.kh yoErE pß; ksrEmKh
mka;sj, uõjrekaf.a pß; weh m%:ufhka u wjêfha weh wmg lgy~ w;súYsIag hs' ud
ksrEmKh lr ;sfnkjd' z¥orefjdaZ we;=¿ lf<a o
fg,skdgHfha weh ksrEmKh lf<a
yeisrùu iïnkaOfhka weh i,lkafka
weh hs' b;d u foaYSh iskudfõ
uOHu mdx;sl mjq,l ujlf.a l=vd wjÈfha fndfyda foa ls h d ÿka k d' w.%.KH rx.k
pß;hla' zkEoEfhdaZ fg,skdgHfha kerUQ zf¾LdjZ iskudmgfha Ys,amskshl jYfhka' wef.a
by< uOHu mdx;sl mjq,l ujla' whsrdx.kS fiarisxy ksrEmKh l< pß; ksrEmKfha ksrka;rfhka
weh ta ta iudc mx;s ms<sn| ukd ì;a;r fjf<kaÈhf.a pß;h wo o y÷kd.; yels iqúfYaI;ajh
wjfndaOhla we;sj hs wehg ysñ ud isysm;a lrkafka uE;l kerUQ jkafka pß;fha iajrEmh l=ula
pß;h ksrEmKh lf<a' fuf,i iskudmghl pß;hla f,iska' jqK;a weh tu pß;h wm w;r
msgmf;ka ;ukag mejfrk pß;h t;eka mgka fy< iskudj ;=< Ôj;a jk iÔù pß;hla ;rug
l=uk mx;shl l=uk ;rd;srul weh ksrEmKh l< N+ñldj, jQ wmg ióm lrùu hs' pß;h ljrla
pß;hla o@ hkak uekúka wjfndaO úúO;ajh iy weh ta ta pß;j,g jqj;a fma%laIl yoj; wNHka;rhg
lrf.k idOdrK pß; ksrEmKhla Ôjh ÿka wdldrh foaYSh iskud weh msúfikafka iÔù rEmldhla
lsÍfï yelshdj weh i;= hs' wef.a jxYl;dfõ muKla fkdfj hs úYaj f,iska' ;d;aúl;ajhg ta ;rug
m%Yia; rx.kh fma%laIl u;lfhka rx.k b;sydifha;a igyka jkafka u ióm ùfï yelshdj rx.k
.s,syS fkdhkq we;e hs hkak hs fkdueflk whqßka' Ys,amskshlg fyda Ys,amshl=g
uf.a úYajdih' ,efnk úYd, Nd.Hla f,i hs ud
zrkai¿Z jeks iskudmgj, i,lkafka' 1956 isg wo olajd u
weh Ôjh ÿka by< uOHu mdx;sl l%shdldÍ j rx.kfha kshef<k
ldxpkd isßj¾Ok l=, ldka;djlf.a pß;h fia u whsrdx.kS fiarisxy fma%laIl yo
2019 wf.daia;= 01
25 foi;sh
ika;dkfha yeu úg u by<
;,hl Tijd ;enqfõ wef.a úYsIag
rx. m%;sNdj hs'

weh jfrl ug .=rejßhl o

jQ j. ud úfYaIfhka i|yka l<
hq;= hs' ud ,hk,a fjkaâÜ rx.
Ys,am Yd,sldfõ rx.kh yoErE
wjêfha weh wmg lgy~ yeisrùu
iïnkaOfhka fndfyda foa lshd
ÿkakd' rx.k Ys,amshl=f.a lgy~
yeisrùu" y~ Ndú;h tys§ úfYaI
hs' b;du;a u úoHd;aul miqìul
lgy~ yeisrùu wfma .=re;=ñh
w;ska uekúka bgqjqKd' .=rejßhl
jYfhka wE ;=< jQ fY%aIaG;ajh
iy hula meyeÈ,s j wjfndaO
lr§ug weh .;a W;aidyh úYsIag
hs' rx.kh i|yd ;ukaf.a lgy~
Ndú;h ms<sn| tx.,ka;fha
z,kavka welvñ T*a v%dud
wekaâ iamSÉZ wdh;kfha úfYaI
mdGud,djla yeoErE weh rx.khg
fia u rx.kh b.ekaùug úfYaI
iqÿiqlï ,ndisá ldka;djla'

weh iskud rx.kfha §

lsysmjrla u uf.a ujf.a pß;hg
mKÿka nj wu;l l< fkdyels
hs' tfia u lsisjl=;a fkdis;k
wkaoñka zysu l;rZ iskudmgfha
weh uf.a Nd¾hdj f,i pß;
ksrEmKfhka odhl jqKd' w;S;fha
ojil weh;a uu;a Ñ;%mg foll
weh oek isáhd
pß; ksrEmK fjkqfjka fyd| u
ks<sh iy fyd| u k¿jd iïudk
Èkd.;af;a tl u fõÈldjl' rx.k
rx.kh ;sfnkafka
Ys,amskshl f,iska weh j b;du;a
ióm j weiqre lsÍug ud ,enqfõ
ú{dkfha nj
jákd wjia:djla' ta ióm weiqr
ksid weh flfrys ksrka;rfhka
u mej;s iy oekg;a Èfkka osk
h ï lsis l,d lD;shla wjika
jkafka i;=glska kï tu l,d
lD;sh mj;sk iudc l%uhg Woõ
wm fndfyda úg olskafka fYdalh
uqiq rx.khla ksid mj;sk my<
uOHu mdka;sl iudc rgdjg
j¾Okh jk f.!rjh;a weh wfma lsÍug ke;skï th hqla;siy.; f.fkk úfõpkhla wef.a r`.mEu
jD;a;sfha idudðldjla ùu ms<sn| lsÍug WmldÍ jk nj;a hï l,d ;=< biau;= fjkjd' tys§ wef.a
oefkk wNsudkh;a iod ud isysm;a lD;shla fYdalhlska fl<jr ;d;aúl rx.kh thg bgq lrk
lrkafka f.!rjfhka' weh wfma fjkjd kï th mj;sk l%uh idOdrK;ajh fjk;a rx. Ys,amSka
fYa%IaG;u rx.fõÈksh nj hs ud úfõpkh lrk nj;a Theodor ;=<ska u;= jkafka keye'
woykafka¡ Adorno kï c¾udkq úpdrlhd
mjid ;sfnkjd' fuys§ whsrdx.kS Y%S ,xldfõ fg,skdgH iy
ldxpkd isßj¾Ok fiarisxyf.a rx. m%;sNdj ;=<ska isxy, rx. l,djg fndfyda úg

foi;sh 26
2019 wf.daia;= 01
wj;S¾K jkafka my< ueo mka;sh
hs' tfy;a whsrdx.kS fiarisxy
rx.khg msúfikafka by< mka;sh
ksfhdackh lrñka' weh ,nd .;a
wOHdmkh jf.a u wef.a iudc
mka;sfha YsIag;ajh;a wef.a id¾:l
rx.khg fya;=jla' hïlsisjl=
wú{dksl j hula bIag lr .ekSug
jpk Ndú;d lsÍfukq hs YsIag;ajhg
meñfKkafka' tys§ jpkj,
wdêm;Hh jeä hs' ueo mka;sfha
iajNdjh th hs' fndfyda k¿
ks<shka tys§ jpkj, w¾:hg jvd
úfkdaohg hs uq,a ;ek fokafka'
tfy;a whsrdx.kS fiarisxy jpkfha
w¾:hg uq,a ;ek fok w;r
úfkdaohg hs fojeks ;ek ,nd
fokafka'
whsrdx.kS fiarisxy r`.mEu
iïnkaOfhka ,ndf.k ;sfnk
úfoia mqyqKqj wehf.a rx.k
Ôú;fha id¾:l;ajhg n,mdk
m%Odk ldrKdjla' ;sr msgm;g
wkqj r`.mEu j¾;udkfha fndfyda
úg ±ls h yels hs' tfy;a rx.kh
ms<sn`o tjeks úfYaI yeoEÍula l<
flkl=g msgm;g Ndjuh rx.kh
tla l< yels hs' rx.k Ys,amshl=f.a
fyda Ys,amskshlf.a ld¾hh jkafka
msgmf;a rx. iajNdjh u;= lr,Su
hs' Ndj W;amdokh fm%alaIlhkag
whs;s ld¾hhla' mqyqKqj u`.ska rx.
Ys,amshl=g Ndj ksrEmKh oDIaáuh
jYfhka fmkaúh yels w;r
krUkakdg tys wdNdih ,nñka
Ndj p,kh isÿ lr .; yels hs'
wjidkfha tu Ndjh {dkfhka
fl<jr lr .ekSu hs iqúfYaI
jkafka' flfia fj;;a olaI ks<shla
hkq hïlsis lD;shla u`.ska ;ukaf.a
fm%alaIlhd fjkilg Ndckh
lsÍu hs' th ,efnkafka úêu;a
rx. wOHhkhlska muK hs' fï
iïnkaOfhka ,xldfõ ,,s; l,d
mqyqKqj ÈhqKq uÜgul fkdue;sùu
lk.dgqjg lreKla'
i ych miqj hs y`ÿkd
.efkkafka' th bkaÈhdkq
ri ksIam;a;sh ke;fyd;a
fi!kao¾hfõofhkq hs
meñfKkafka' tfy;a ri
ksIam;a;shg jvd kQ;k l,d
lD;sj, fi!kao¾hh ^Esthetic&
ke;fyd;a úkaokhg hs ;ek
,efnkafka' iqpß; .ï,;af.a
isg fndfyda fokd u;= lf<a l,d
lD;shl im%fhdackj;aNdjh iy
úkaokh hs' foaYmd,k lshùula
l,d lD;shlg lrkjd kï ±ka
;sfnkafka ks¾úkaokh lrk l,d
lD;s ^Anesthesia& hs' fï ksid
oSma;s l=udr .=Kr;ak
iskud úpdrl
iych ud i,lkafka fidndúl
Wreuhla f,i fkdj ixialD;sl
ks¾udKhla f,i hs'
kd¾ iskud l,dj 1940 oYlfha
fojeks f,dal hqoaOfhka miq
weußldfõ m%p,s; jQjla' w`ÿre
fyj;a ksYdpr iskud l,dj
hkqfjka y`ÿkajk fuys olakg
,efnkafka mjq,a w¾nqoh ke;skï
mjqf,a ì`o jeàu Ndjuh jYfhka
ksrEmKh lsÍula' zksOdkhZ"
zfof,djla w;rZ" zje,s l;rZ jeks
Ñ;%mg ìysjkafka fï iskudfõ
wdNdih ,nñka' uOHu mka;sh
Idkrh fldg .;a kd¾ iskud
lD;sj, t,sifn;a fÜ,¾ jeks
ngysr ks<shkaf.a rx.k wdNdih o
whsrdx.kSg ,enqKd'
2019 wf.daia;= 01
weh l,dj fjkqfjka lem
jQ flfkla' ;ukag iSud mkjd
.ksñkq hs weh rx.kfhys ksr;
jqfKa' wo mrmqf¾ ;sfnkafka
mßfNdack ixialD;shla' lsisjla
mß;Hd. lsÍug leu;s keye' Tjqka
rx. uQ,h f,i i,lkafka we`ÿï"
me<`ÿñ" jdyk ú,dis;d iy YÍr
w,xlrKh hs' tfy;a whsrdx.kS ±k
isáhd rx.kh ;sfnkafka ú{dkfha
nj' tfy;a weh fuka wfkla
ks<shka rx.kfha wdNdih Wreuhla
fldg .kafka keye' tys úhelS
hdul= hs olakg ,efnkafka'
f,iag¾ jeks wOHlaIjre
hg;a úð; hq.fha wOHdmkh
ukdj yeoEre wh' Tjqka weiqf¾
lghq;= lsÍug whsrdx.ks
fiarisxyg yelsùu;a wehf.a rx.k
fl!I,Hh ÈhqKqùug n,mEjd'
wo weh jeks olaI ks<shka ìys
fkdùug Rcq j n,mdkafka tjeks
ks¾udKlrejkaf.a wvqj hs'
kQ;k Okjdohg l,dj wjYH
keye' tfy;a l,dj mj;sk
weußldj" tx.,ka;h jeks Okj;a
rgj, fï i|yd by< jákdlula
;sfnkjd' fï ksid wjYH jkafka
iú×ksl md,lhka ìys lr
.ksñka l,djg mqkre;am;a;sh §ug
wfmalaId lsÍu hs'
,xldfõ ,,s; l,d wOHdmkh
úYajúoHd, uÜgñka úêu;a lsÍu
wjYH hs' tu mdGud,d Tiafia
YslaIKh ,nk úoHd¾Òka ìys úh
hq;= hs' furg ,,s; l,d f,i
y`ÿkd .kafka Wvrg kegqï" my;
rg kegqï" fldfydU lxldßh
wdÈh hs' tfy;a kQ;k ñksidf.a
ufkdaNdj úYaf,aIKh lsÍug
wjYH kHdhhka ;sfnkjd' fï
ksid úfoaYSh úoaj;=kaf.a o iydh
u; fï wdh;k yd mdGud,d
m%;sixialrK lsÍu wjYH hs'
ud,d u,aldka;s mrK.uf.a
27 foi;sh
 w;Sw;S;; ießir
ießir
oel .kak
fidndisß
ys`o hkak
fykr;af.dv
t,a' ví,sõ' wdßhr;ak

b x.S%is cd;sl i¾ fykaß fjda¾â

wdKavqldr;=ud úiska fld<U - kqjr
lkao Wvrg ÿïßh ud¾.h wdrïN lf<a
1853 wf.daia;= ui 03 jeks Èk hs' fï jif¾
wf.daia;= ui 03 jeks Èkg thg jir 166la
iïmQ¾K fjkjd'

  fï ÿïßh ud¾.fha bÈ jQ fiiq m%Odk ÿïßh

ia:dk lsysmfhka fykr;af.dv ÿïßh ia:dkh
o b;d úfYaIs; hs' fld<U - kqjr m%Odk ÿïßh
ud¾.h bÈlr ksud jQfha jir yhlg miq' tjlg
fykr;af.dv ÿïßh ia:dkh o idÞ ksu lr ;snQfhka
1864 foieïn¾ ui 27 jeks Èk m<uqjrg fï ud¾.fha
Odjkh l< ÿïßh fykr;af.dv ÿïßh ia:dkfha
o k;r lrkjd' fï wjia:dj fykr;af.dv wjg
.ïjdiSkag úYauhckl o¾Ykhla jQjdg iel keye'
  hqfrdamd mqkreoh;a iuÕ hqfrdamd cd;Ska j¾I 1400
ld, jljdkqfõ isg ls%hd lf<a foaY .fõIKh lrñka
wd.u m%p,s; lsÍug;a l=¿ nvqj, jd‚c n,h ;yjqre
lr .ekSug;a'
  mD;=.Sis yd ,kafoais cd;slhkaf.ka miq YS% ,xldjg
meñ‚fha ì%;dkH cd;slhka' Tjqkaf.a wjOdkh
m%Odk jYfhka fhduq jQfha jeú,s wd¾Ólhg tA
fya;=fjka 1870 jir muK jk úg ,xldfõ m%Odk
Ofkdamdhk ud¾.h jQfha fldams' tA jk úg Èjhsfka
wd¾Ól lghq;= ish,a, u fldams l¾udka;h u; hs r|d
mej;sfha'
  tfy;a l÷lr mdrj,a Tiafia fld<Ug fldams
m%jdykh lsÍu ÿIalr jQjd fia u úhoï wêl
ld¾hhla o jqKd' tu ksid blauka yd ,dNÞhs
wdldrhg fldams mgjd tùfï l%u wjYH jqKd'
hqfrdamfha fndfyda rgj, ÿïßh mdrj,a iE§u
wdrïN lr ;snQ ksid ,xldfõ o ÿïßh mdrla iE§fï
wjYH;dj ì%;dkH md,lhkag fmkajd ÿkafka
fykr;af.dv WoHdkh miqld,Sk
j kï jQfha fykr;af.dv WoaNso
WoHdkh kñka' fykr;af.dv
ÿïßh ia:dkh tÞ ia:dms; lsÍu
ksid miqld,Sk j .ïmy k.rh o
ckdlS¾K m%foaYhla njg hs m;a
jqfKa' tÞ wo fuka u.S m%jdyk
nia fiajd fkdjQfhka m%Odk m%jdyk
ud¾.h jQfha ÿïßh'
jeú,slrejka úiska' tA Wvrg j;=lrfha isg wvq ñ,g
fldams mgjd tùug ÿïßh ud¾.hla ke;s jqjfyd;a
fldams l¾udka;h msßfykq we;e hs jeú,s lrejka
l,amkd l< ksid' tu wjYH;dj imqrd .ekSug
jeú,slrejka Woaf>daIKhla lsÍug hs lghq;= lf<a'
  fï lreK uq,alrf.k ,xldfõ m%:u jrg jd¾;d
jkafka jeú,s lrejkaf.a fï Woaf>daIKh hs' fï
fya;=fjka fld<U isg uykqjr olajd ÿïßh mdrla
iE§fï l¾udka;h mejerefKa bx.S%is fjf<| iud.
ulg'
  tA wkqj YS% ,xldfõ ÿïßh ud¾.hla ;ekSfï
ft;sydisl wjia:dj iksgqyka jQfha 1858 wf.daia;=

foi;sh 28
2019 wf.daia;= 01

ui 03 jeks Èk' tA" fykaß fjdaâ wdKavqldr;=ud
ÿïßh mdr iE§fï m%:u mia msve,a, lemSu;a iuÕ'
tfy;a 1861 jif¾§ tys jev k;r lrk ,oafoa
wjdikdjka; f,i hs'
  Bg fya;=j jQfha ÿïßh mdr fjkqfjka
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jQ úhoug jvd ;=ka .=Khla muK
úhoïjk nj fmkS .sfhka' miqj 1863 jif¾§ kej;
jev wdrïN lf<a ì%;dkH wdKavqj úiska u fï
l¾udka;h l< hq;= hehs ;SrKh l< ksid' tu ÿïßh
ud¾.fha jev ksudlr ,xldfõ m%:u jrg ÿïßhla
Odjkh lrjk ,oafoa 1864 foieïn¾ 27 jeksÞ'
,xldjg meñ‚ fn,aðhfï Tgqkak ysñ l=udrhd jQ
n%enkaÜys wdÈmdo;=ud /.;a fï úfYaI ÿïßh Odjkh
jQfha fld<U isg wfòmqiai olajd' 1867 § fld<U
isg uykqjr olajd ÿïßh ud¾.h idÞ wjika jQ
fyhska fld<U yd kqjr w;r ÿïßh .ukd.ukh
wdrïN jqKd'
  fï jk úg >k le,Ejla j mej;s .ïmy t<s
fmfy<s lr t<suyka lsÍu 1815ka miq wdrïN jQ
njg idCIs orkafka hg;a úð; iufha f,aLk' tA
,xldfõ bx.S%is cd;sl miajeks wdKavqldrjrhd jQ i¾
tâjâ ndkaia uy;df.a ld,fha§'
  1825 § fld<U- kqjr uyd ud¾.h ;ekSfï lghq;=
wdrïN lsÍfï wjia:dfõ§ ndkaia wdKavqldrjrhd
.ïmyg o meñ‚ nj i|yka fjkjd'
tâuâ ndka i a wdKa v q ldrjrhdf.a iufha §
±kg .ïmy k.rh ms ys á ia : dkfha
meje;s fha >k le,Ejla ;= <s ka jeà
;s n Q wämdrj,a ' tA ufÕys ,ka ;Ereï
iúlr.;a nr lr;a ; uykq j r is g
fld<U ola j d flda ms /f.k .uka l<
w;r lr;a ;lrejka .s uka yeÍug úfõl
.;a ia : dkh j¾;udkfha ye`os ka fjka f ka
ñßia j ;a ; kñka '
  ÿïßfhka .uka l< bx.S % i s cd;s lhka g .uka
úvdj uÕyrjd .ekS u ms ‚ i tl, Ndú;d
lf<a fykr;a f.dv m% foa Yh' tA fya ;= fjka tys
jfkda oHdkhla bÈls Íug ms hjr .;a f;a bx.S % is
cd;s lhka úis ka ' tfy;a Whfka is ß krUd úvdj
ika i s ÷ jd .ekS ug ÿïßfhka nei jfkda oHdkh
fj; hdug is ÿ jq K d' ÿïßh kej;= ï ia : dkhla
fykr;a f.dv bÈls Íug bx.S % i s md,lhka ls % h d
lf<a tys m% ;s M ,hla jYfhka ' fykr;a f.dv ÿïßh
ia : dkh ia : dms ; jka fka tf,i hs '
  fykr;a f.dv WoHdkh miq ld,S k j kï jQ f ha
fykr;af.dv WoaNos WoHdkh kñka' fykr;af.dv
ÿïßh ia : dkh tÞ ia : dms ; ls Íu ks i d miq l d,S k
j .ïmy k.rh o ckdlS ¾K m% foa Yhla njg hs
m;a jq fKa ' tÞ wo fuka u.S m% j dyk nia fia j d
fkdjQ fhka m% O dk m% j dyk ud¾.h jQ fha ÿïßh'
  mer‚ fykr;a f.dv ÿïßh ia : dkh mq rd
úoHd;a ul jákdlula we;s ia : dkhla jYfhka
.eiÜ lr ixrla IKh lrka fka mq rdúoHd
fomd¾;fïka ;= j úis ka ' fï fm!rd‚l ia : dkfha
jákdlï ±k ls hd .ekS fï whs ;s h wkd.; mrmq r g
ys ñ hs '
2019 wf.daia;= 01
29 foi;sh
 udOH
udOH

;%ia;jdoh yd jeä lr.ekSu hs' ñksik q f

a .a yeÕSï"

udOH Ndú;h wdfõ." l=;y= ,h" Nh" wdYdj mdúÉÑ

lrñka mqj;am;a úYd, jYfhka
wf,ú jqKd' fuh j¾;udkfha o

iq¿fldg ;lkak neye oelsh yels ;;a;j

a hla'

fhf,da c¾k,siïj, jHdma;h s ;a

iuÕ by< m%jD;a;s jákdlula we;s
m%jD;a;s udOH úiska wksjd¾fhka m<

.e gqï l<ukdlrKh kï
úYd, úIh m:h ;=< we;s
tla lafIa;h
% la f,i ;%i; a jdoh
1800 uq,a oYlfha mej;=fKa
jdKsc mqj;am;a' ta mqj;am;a
mj;ajdf.k .sfha oekaùïj,ska
lrk nj fmkShEfuka wrdðljd§ka
f;areï .;af;a hïlsis m%jD;a;s
jákdlula we;s l%h s dud¾.hla
iy udOH y÷kd.; yels hs' fuys§ ,efnk wdodhfuka' ta ld,fha u we;s l<fyd;a udOHg th jd¾;d
jeä ie,ls,, a la oelaúh hq;fa ;a foaYmd,k mlaI úiska o mqj;am;a fkdlr isáh fkdyels neúka tjeks
;%i;
a jd§ l%h
s djka wdjrKh lsÍfï§ m< l<d' tajd oekaùï u; hemqfKa isoê
a hlska ,efnk wjOdkh Ndú;
udOHfõ§ka ikakoaO úh hq;= keye' uqøKh lf<a foaYmd,k lr ;ukaf.a u;jdoh iudc.;
wdldrh ms<n s |j hs' mlaIj,ska ,efnk wruqo,aj,sk'a ta l< yels nj hs' ta wkqj Tjqka isÿ
mqj;am;aj, idlÉPd lf<a hïlsis lrkafka ckudOH wdl¾IKh
;%i;
a jd§kag wjYH jkafka mlaIhlg wod< foaYmd,k u;jdo lr.ekSug m%pKav;ajh mdúÉÑ
iudch ;=< úhjq,la we;s fldg .ek' úfYaIfhka u tajdfha m< lrñka ta yryd ;ukaf.a mKsúvh
úkdYhla isÿ lsÍug hs' fï ksid jqfKa rdcH n,h tla mqo. a ,hl= iudc.; lsÍu'
úfYaIfhka m%cd;ka;j % d§ rduqjla jgd flakøa .; ùug úreoaO j
;=< lghq;= lrk udOHfõÈhl=g OfkaIj a r mx;sfha m%cd;ka;j% d§ kQ;k ;%i;a jdohg udOH ke;s j
;%i;a jdoh iy ;%i; a jd§kaf.a udOH woyia' fï isÿùï ish,a, úYd, mej;sh fkdyels hs' udOH b,lal
Ndú;h ms<n s | ;sìh hq;f a ;a ksjerÈ úma,jhlg ,lajf q Ka frdgß lrf.k hs ;%ij a d§ka m%pKav;ajh
wdl,amhla' ;%i; a jd§kaf.a wruqKq fm%ia ;dlaIKh fidhd.ekSu;a we;s lrkafka' úkaÈ;hl= b,lal
idlaId;a lr.ekSug bv fkd§ iuÕsk'a tys wdrïNh;a iuÕ u lrñka Ôú; iy foam< úkdY
udOHlrKfha fhÈh yelafla túg zfhf,da c¾k,siïZ kñka ckudOH lsÍfï§ ;%i;
a jdÈhdf.a wjidk
hs' fuys§ ;%i;a jd§ka iy udOH w;r iïm%odhla we;s jQfha weußldj wruqK iy uQ,l s wruqK jkafka
we;s iïnkaOh;a ;%i; a jd§ka udOH uQ,l
s lrf.k' úkaÈ;hdg jk ydksh mdúÉÑ
Ndú; lrk wdldrh;a uekúka lrñka hïlsis .%dyl msßilg
jgyd .; hq;= hs' fhf,da c¾k,siïj,§ mqj;am;a mKsúvhla §u hs'
hemqfKa oekaùïj,ska fyda
kQ;k ;%i; a jdoh iuÕ foaYmd,k o¾Yk iudc.; lsÍfuka ;%i;
a jdÈhd" úkaÈ;hd yd .%dylhd
m%xY úma,jhg we;af;a meyeÈ,s fyda fkdfj hs' mqj;am;a whs;l
s rejka ;%i;
a m%ydrhl b;d u jeo.;a wx.
iïnkaOhla' m%xY úma,j iufha jgyd .;a;d mqj;am;a úlsŒu uÕska ;=kla' m%pKav;ajh we;s jQ ;eklg
úYd, msßila fj; <Õd úh úYd, wdodhula ,eìh yels nj' ta udOH wefokafka m%pKav;ajhg
yels ckudOH mej;=fKa keye' ksid wmrdO" hqoO
a iy ,sx.sl;ajh by< m%jD;a;s jákdlula we;s
miq lf,l isÿ jQ ckudOHfha jeks foaj,a úl=Kkak mgka .;a;d' ksid' wf,úh i|yd m%jD;a;u s h
m%.ukfha§ wrdðljd§ka ;%i; a jdoh mqj;am;aj, ìh" l=;y = ,h we;s lrk jákdlula we;s m%pKav;ajh wjYH
Ndú; l< wdldrh;a iuÕ hs kQ;k mqj;a m< jqfKa f,dl= wl=frka' neúka m%pKav;ajh yryd ;%i; a jd§ka
;%i;a jdoh l%udkql,
+  j bÈßhg tajdhska we;eï mqj;a w¾O i;H hs' udOH wjOdkh Èkd.ekSfuka ;u
meñKsfha' fhf,da c¾k,siïj, wruqK jqfKa wruqK bIag lr.ekSug lghq;=
j.lSula bgq lsÍu fkdj wf,úh lrkjd'

foi;sh 30
2019 wf.daia;= 01
 fuys§ ;%i;
a jd§kag wjYH
jkafka b,lal.; .%dylhdf.a
yeisÍu fjkia lsÍu hs' m%pKav;ajh
uÕska yeisÍu fjkia l< yels hs
n,lsÍfuka' m%pdrKhg yelshdj
;sfnkjd fm<Uùfuka ñksik q f
a .a
yeisÍu fjkia lsÍug' fï wkqj
m%pKav;ajh iy m%pdrKh fol
u Ndú; lsÍfuka ;%i; a jdofhka
n,dfmdfrd;a;= jkafka iudch
fuf;la l,a yeisreKq wdldrh hï
wdldrhlg fjkia lsÍu hs'
idïm%odhsl udOH iy kQ;k
udOHhg wu;r j ;%i; a jd§ka ;u
m%pdrKh i|yd lgl;d" foaYk"
l=vd lKavdhï i|yd idlÉPd iy
jevuq¿ meje;aùu jeks wúêu;a
m%pdrK Wml%u o Ndú; lrkjd'
flfia fj;;a udOH" ;%i; a jd§ka
Ndú; lrk tl fuj,ula muK hs'
w,alhsvd ixúOdkfha ksfhdacH
kdhlhl= j isá Ayman all -
Zawahiri jrla m%ldY lr we;af;a
zzwm igkl fhÈ,d bkafk' ta
igfka nd.hla u isoOa fjkafka
udOH igka ìfï'''ZZ hkqfjka'
fï wkqj udOHfõ§kag we;af;a
;%i;a jd§kaf.a WmlrKhla njg
m;aùfï úYd, wjodkula'
ì,a,dvka lshd isáfha —fï
ishjfia udOH hqoO a h m%pdrl
wr.,h Èkd.ekSfï Yla;u s ;a u
udOH hs' tys wkqmd;h uQ,l s igka
iQodkñka 90]la olajd úh yels hs'˜
hkqfjka' ;%i; a jd§kaf.a u oDIaá
fldaKfhka n,k úg ;%i; a jdoh
iïnkaOfhka udOH Ndú;h
iq¿fldg ;lkakg neye'
;%i;
a jd§kaf.a Yla;hs iy
n,dêldßfha wjodkï iy.; nj
iy fkdyelshdj fmkaùu;a rcfha
u¾ok ;ukaf.a jdishg yrjd
.ekSu;a ;%i;
a jd§kaf.a i;=rka
wffO¾h lsÍu iy Tjqkg a iyh
olajk msßiaj, Ñ;a; ffO¾h
j¾Okh lsÍu;a ;%i; a jd§kaf.a
wruqKq fjkjd' tfia u ixúOdkh
fjkq f jka ck;d leue;a ;
,nd.ekS u iy j¾Okh lr.ekSu;a
ck;dj /äl,aNdjhg m;a lsÍu iy
NS;hs " jHdl+,;ajh we;sjk f,i
foaYmd,k jd;djrKh fn§ulg
,lalÍ s u;a fuka u ùr;ajh
wjOdrKh lsÍu iy m%pKav;ajh
w;HjYH nj ta;; a = .ekaùu;a Bg
wh;a'
tu wruqKq bgqlr .ekSug
Tjqka Ndú; lrk Wml%u f,i
uQ,ls j y÷kd.; yelafla m%pKav
l%h
s dj m%jD;a;u
s h jákdlula uQ,l
s wruqK hs'
lrf.k isÿ lsÍu" ixúOdkhg
;j;a msßia n|jd .ekSug m%pdrK
ÈfkaIa fÞvkaf.dv
ckdêm;s fPHIaG
udOH WmfoaYl
isÿ lsÍu" ;%ia;l%shd i|yd jvd;a
u iqÿiq fõ,dj iy ia:dkh
f;dard.ekSu" m%ydrhlg miqj
ksfõok ksl; = a lrñka Wml%ñl
f,i ;ukaf.a wruqKq bgqlr.ekSu
fjkqfjka Ndú; lsÍu" udOHfõ§ka
iuÕ in|;d meje;aùu" ;%i; a l%h
s d
iïnkaOfhka j.lSu Ndr.ekSu iy
úYd, jYfhka ixfla; Ndú;d lsÍu
yryd ikakf s õokh isÿ lsÍu hs'
;%i;a jdoh mrdch lsÍu i|yd
m<uqfjka u ;%i; a jd§kag ta;;a =
.ekaúh hq;= hs Tjqkga ch.%yKh
l< fkdyels nj' fojeks j Tjqkg
,ndÈh hq;= hs È.ska È.g u m%ydr
t,a, lsÍug Tjqka i;= udkj iïm;a
iy fN!;sl iïm;a m%udKj;a
ke;e hs hk woyi' ta" m%;;s i
% ;a
jHdmdrhl§ ks¾udKh l< hq;=
udkisl wruqKq hs' flfia fj;;a
mdial= m%ydrfhka miq j w,an.avdä
ksl;= a l< ùäfhdaj furg udOH
uÕska m%pdrh fkdlsÍu i;=gg
lreKla' w,a n.avdä tu ùäfhdafõ
lshd isákafka zzw,a,d foúhka
wmg lsõfj ðydâ hqoO a h l%h
s d;aul
lrkak hs' th ch.%yKh lrkak
lsh,d lsõfj keye'ZZ hkqfjka'
tuÕska Tyq bj;a lroeóug W;aidy
.kafka fmr lS m<uq udkisl
m%;;s i
% ;
a jHdmdrhl§ tu
;%i; a jdoh ksfhdackh lrk ck
fldÜGdihg wdKavf q jka isÿ jk
i;H fyda l,am; s fyda widOdrKh
foaYmd,k" iudc iy ixialD;sh
ms<ns | .eg¨ u;= lsÍug fya;j = la
jk nj úfYaIfhka ie,ls,, a g .;
hq;= hs' flfia fj;;a ;%i; a jdoh
u¾okfha§ udOHhg hï iSudjla
olajd muK hs l%h s d;aul úh
yelafla' ;%i; a ixúOdkfha meje;au
iy úkdYh ms<n s | úYd, u j.lSu
we;af;a wdKavj q g' fï w;r udOH
j.lSula ke;=j yeisfrk njg
fodia kÕñka udOH jdrKh .ek
o l;dnyla we;s jqKd' ;%i; a jd§
jHdmdrhla mej;sh§ udOH
iïnkaOfhka wkq.ukh l< yels
ms<fs j;a ;=kla y÷kd.kak mq¿jka'
ta" udOHg wjeis f,i lghq;=
lsÍug bvyeÍu" jdrK mekùu
iy ;ukaf.a j.lSu ms<n s | j
wjfndaOfhka iajhx jdrKhla
we;s lr.ekSug ckudOHfõ§ka j
fm<Uùu hs'
fcÍ wevïia lshd isáfha —udOH"
;%i;a jd§kag Tlaics ka iemhQj;a
jdrKh úI u;aøjHhl n,mEu
wdKavj q g imhkjd˜ hkqfjka' udOH
jdrKh ienúka u úI u;aøjHhla'
tksid isÿ l< hq;f a ;a idlÉPd
iy jevuq¿ yryd ;%i; a jdohg
uqyK
q §fï§ udOHfõÈhdf.a
j.lSu l=ulao hkak ms<n s | ksis
a wjfndaOhla Tjqkg a ,nd§u hs'
rcfha m%jD;a;s fomd¾;fïka;f = õ
mej;s udOH iïuka;K % hla weiqßka'
ldxpkd isßj¾Ok
2019 wf.daia;= 01
31 foi;sh
idys ;;HH úhuk
idys úhuk
ia;S% wOHd;auhg
tnqKq ia;s%h
re ishka NdIdj hehs lshQ
muKska idys;Hh wm isyshg
ke`.=K o yska§ lshQ ú.i wm
u;lhg kef`.kafka yska§ .S; iy
Ñ;%mg hs' ta ;rug yska§ iskudj
fmdÿ l,djla iy úfkdaohla njg
f,dalh mqrd m;aj ;sfnkjd' yska§
iskudj ;rug yska§ idys;Hh
f,dalh je<| fkd.;a;;a th úúO
idys;H Odrd Tiafia jefvñka
me;sfrñka iudc" wd¾Ól"
ixialD;sl fuka u foaYmd,ksl
miqìï yd .egqKd' tfuka u úúO
oDIaájdo Tiafia .uka lrñka kj
m%jK;d ilid .ksñka f,dalhg
mq¿,a o¾Ykhla odhdo l< úmq,
idys;Hhla'
yska§ idys;Hfha kQ;k hq.fha
uqÿkska u isák idys;HOdßkshl
jk W!Id m%shkajod ia;%S wd;auh"
ia;%shf.a meje;au iy ia;%shf.a
iudc Ndú;h iqlaIu iy ixfõoS
f,i úodrKh lsÍug W;aidy
.;a l,dldßkshla f,i hs jvd;a
lemS fmfkkafka' W!Id m%shkajod
iy wef.a flál;dj ms<sn`o l=vd
foi;sh 32
2019 wf.daia;= 01
iqNd r;akdhl
ndysr lÓldpd¾h ^yskaoS&
fudrgqj úYajúoHd,
is;=jula u;= lr.ekSug hs fï
werUqu'
bkaÈhdjg ksoyi Wod ùfuka
miq werfUk kj flál;d
jHdmdrh y`ÿkajkafka zkhS lydksZ
f,i hs' tu idys;H iïm%odhg
kj uqyqKqjrla ,nd§fï§
zW!Id m%shkajodZ f.a N+ñldj
woaú;Sh hs' yska§ idys;Hfha úfYaI
Odrdjla jk m%jdiS idys;Hfha o
^úfoia rgl mqrjeisNdjh ,enQ
bkaÈhdkqjka úiska tu rgj, isg
yskaÈ niska ,shk ,o idys;Hh
m%jdiS idys;Hh hs'& m%uqL mqrella
jk weh ;u ks¾udKYS,s f,aLkh
iudc.; lrkafka flál;dj yd
kjl;dj Tiafia hs' bka jvd;a lemS
fmfkkafka flál;dj hs'
kQ;k yska§ flál;dj
wdlD;sluh jYfhka fuka u
Ndjuh jYfhka o fjkilg
Ndckh lsÍug W!Id iu;a
jqKd' kj flál;d Odrdj ;=<
wef.a flál;dj u`.yer hd
fkdyels jkafka ta fya;=fjka'
W!Id m%shkajodf.a idys;Hh
uq,a wjêh iy miq wjêh f,i
fldgia follska hq;=j we.hSug;a
úu¾Ykhg;a ,la l< yels hs' ;u
uõ rfÜ fjfiñka ;ud Ôj;a
jQ mßirh miqìï lr.ksñka
,shQ flál;d wef.a uq,a hq.fha
flál;d f.dkakg wh;a' oaú;aj
mqrjeisNdjh ,nñka weußldfõ
fjfiñka weh ,shQ flál;d wh;a
jkafka miq hq.hg'
bkaoshdkq ixialD;sh ;=<
ia;%shla ùu ksid u .eyeksh uqyqK
fok wNsfhda." wjysrlï iy
mSvdj ksrEmKh lsÍug wef.a
uq,ald,Sk flál;dfõ jeä
wjldYhla fjkafjkjd' fï Bg
WodyrK imhk wef.a uq,ald,Sk
flá;djlska fldgila'
 —;d;a;d udj .syska oeïud
biamsß;df,g''''' ug orefjl=;a
yïnjqKd' thd mqf;la' orejj
wkd: ksjdfig Ndr ÿkakg miafia
wjqreoaola hklï ug bf.k .kak
i,a,s ÿkafka ;d;a;d' ta;a f.or
b`oka fkfõ' f.or ñksiaiqkag
;du;a uu ueßÉp flfkla' tod
b`oka uu yefudaf.ka u jyka
fjù Ôj;a fjkjd' orejd hYa
jf.au hs' Ôj;a fj,d bkakjd kï
oeka wjqreÿ yh yudrla fj,d
we;s'˜ ksrdhdifhka u .,d hñka
;snQ l`ÿ¿ weh msi fkdoeuqjd h'
^úisreKq len,s <d o,a,la - W!Id
m%shkajod &
W!Id m%shkajod
weußldfõ Ôj;afjñka
mßK; .eyekshla f,i Ôú;hg
uqyqKfok úg weh w;aú¢ ienEu
w;aoelSï iajlSh ks¾udKlrKh
Wia-uy;a lr.ekSug wehg WmldÍ
fjkjd' W!Idf.a Ôjk oDIaáh fmr
;snQ mgq iSudj w;sl%uKh lr mD:q,
iSudjlg fiakaÿ jkafka t;ek§'
W!Id m%shkajod Wmkafka
bkaÈhdfõ W;a;r m%foaYa m%dka;fha
ldkamQ¾ k.rfha uOHu mdx;sl
mjq,l' ta 1930 foieïn¾ 24 jeks
od hs' wef.a mshd foaYmd,khg
iïnkaO" W.;a" bvï ysñ mjq,l
jeäu,d' fmd; m; weiqr iy
idudkH .eyekqq orejl=g jvd
fjkia j is;Sfï mqreoao iy
yelshdj wehg ,efnkafka msh
Wreufhka' mshdf.a yÈis wNdjh
ksid hï hï wd¾Ól wmyiq;dj,g
uqyqK fokak wehg isÿfjkjd'
tfy;a wehg jvd;a ÿIalr jQfha
.eyekq orejl= ùu ksid u iudc
ixialD;sl mgq rduqj ;=< isrùug
isÿùu hs' Wiia wOHdmkh ,eîug
weh ÿgq isyskh" kj ux fm;a
Tiafia Ôú;h È.yerùug ;snQ
,d,idj imqrd .ekSug wehg
m<uq j wr.,hl fhfokakg isÿ
jQfha mjq, ;=<ska u hs'
b,ydndoa úYajúoHd,h"
Ydia;S%h j fuka u oDIaáuh
jYfhka o W!Idj ikakoaO l<
f;da;ekak hs' b,ydndoa .sh
W!Idg oekqfKa gexlshl isrù isá
ud¿jl=" .`.lg oeóug miq we;sjk
ye`.u
S  hs' kQ;k yska§ idys;Hfha
úYsIag n,lkq weiqre lsÍug wehg
wjia:dj Wodjkafka tys§ hs' ;u
flál;d ix.%yhl fmrjofka§
weh fufyu ,shkjd'
—b,ydndoaj, iEu ijiajrejla u
ud .; lf<a yß jxYardhs nÉpka"
iqñ;%dkkaoka mkaka" O¾uù¾ Ndr;S
jeks úYsIaghka iu`.' kj úIhka"
kj ixl,am" w¨;a fmd;am;a ud
jglr.;a;d' ud udkisl j meiqKq
mqoa.,hl= njg mßj¾;kh jqKd'
uf.a Ñka;kh kj oDIaáhlska
wdf,dalu;a jqKd' uf.a m<uq
flál;dj ìysjkafka tys
m%;sM,hlska'˜
2019 wf.daia;= 01
b,ydndoa úYajúoHd,fha
bx.S%is wdpd¾hjßhl jYfhka
fiajhg tlaùfuka miq weh
weußldj n,d msg;ajkafka
mYapdoa wOHdmk lghq;= i`oyd
ysñlr.;a YsIH;ajhlska' 1965
§ W!Id weußldfõ úialdxiSka
úYajúoHd,fha ol=Kq wdishdkq
wOHhk wxYfha" bkaÈhdkq idys;Hh
ms<sn`o uydpd¾hjßhl f,i
jev wdrïN lrkjd' W!Idf.a
bÈß Ôú;h u f.fjkafka f,dj
n,j;a u rdcHfha hs' tfy;a wef.a
yia;fhka ksuqjqKq iEu idys;H
lghq;a;l u udOHh jQfha wef.a
uõni' tkï yska§ NdIdj'
weußldfõ mÈxÑ jQ ú.i u yska§
flál;d ix.%y folla m< l<;a
mdGl-úpdrl hk fom¾Yajfha u
iud.u;a iïNdjkdj;a wysñùu
fya;=fjka weh wl¾uKH fjkjd'
kj ixialD;sl Ôú;hg msúiSu"
kj iudc iïnkaO;dj,g
wdl¾IKh ùu" wd¾Ól
iajdëk;ajh iy weußldfõ§ weh
w;aú`È wiSñ; ksoyi ksid wef.a
yia;fhka f,aLk l,dj álska ál
.s<syS hkjd' weh u mjik ú,i"
—f,aÅldjl f,i ud hgm;a jQ iEu
wjia:djl u uu is; ikid.;af;a
idys;Hhg jvd Ôú;fha wxY=ud;%h
o jákafka h hk ;df.da¾f.a
lshuk isyslr.ksñka'˜
Ndjuh m%nkaO w;f¾ meg,S
;snQ W!Idf.a flál;d idys;Hh"
l%ufhka ksYaÑ; ikaêia:dkhlg
/f.k tkafka weußldfõ f.jQ
Ôú;h ;=< weh ,enQ w;aoelSï
iy ta Tiafia Wia uy;a jQ wef.a
Ñka;kh hs' W!Idf.a uq,ald,Sk
flál;dfõ flakaø ìxÿj
jQfha ia;%shg t,a, jQ iudc iy
ixialD;sl úfrdaOh hs' miqld,Sk
wef.a flál;dj o ia;%sh jgd
t;S ;snqK;a tys ia;%s pß;j,
iajNdjh iy ia;%s wd;auh ú.%y
lsÍu" fmrg jvd yd;amiska u
fjkia uqyqKjrla .kakjd'
ñksia Ôú;j,g lvd jeÿKq
33 foi;sh
Okjdoh úiska ñksidg Wreu
l< WodiSk;ajh" yqol,dj" ;r`.
ldß;ajh" wd;aóh iïnkaO;dj,
Èhdre nj w;f¾ ia;%S wd;aufha
m%fõYh ufkdaúYaf,aIKd;aul j
ksrEmKh lsÍfïÈ weh oelajQ
h:d¾:djfndaOh yd mßmQ¾K
ks¾udKfõYh m%YxikSh hs'
wef.a miqld,Sk flál;dj,
zia;%shf.a uqyqKqjrZ i¿ fmdgg
uqjd ù lÿ¿ i`.jk idïm%odhsl
is;=jug yd;amiska u fjkia' ta
fjkqjg wmg yuqjkafka bkaoshdkq
ixialD;sl fijKe,a,g iïmQ¾K
f,i hg fkdjqKq" wd¾Ól jYfhka
iajdëk" bx.%SiS W.;a" u;ameka
mdkh iïNdjH Ôjk ú,dihla
njg m;alr.;a" zújdyhZ Ôú;fha
isÿjQ w;ajeroSula hehs is;k" orejl=
ìyslsÍu Ôj úoHd;aul ixisoaêhla
muKla hehs úYajdi lrk"
újdyfhka miq o úl,am fm%au iy
,sx.sl in`o;dj,g msúfik kQ;k
ysiagßl .eyeKq pß;' zlsrkaZ W!Id
m%shxjodf.a miqld,Sk flál;djl
l;d kdhsldj hs' úYajúoHd,
wdpd¾hjßhla jk lsrka weußldfõ
fjfik foore ujla' bkaÈhdkq
ieñhl=f.a m;skshla' tfy;a iqÿ
cd;sl uelaia kï uydpd¾hjrhd
iu`. úl,am ,sx.sl in`o;djlg
msúfik weh" W!Idf.a uq,ald,Sk
flál;dj, wmg yuqjk bkaÈhdkq
ia;%shg wNsfhda. lrk l=gqïNh
iy iudch foi /äl,a woyia
ork kQ;k .eyekshla f,i hs
biau;=jkafka' lsrkaf.a Ñ;a;fõ.
W!Id fufyu wl=re lrkjd'
—th l=uk ye`.Sulaoe hs yßyeá
jgyd .kakg lsrkag fkdyelsúh'
m<uq j th .eUqre ksrdYdckl
ye`.Suls' uelaiaf.a iam¾Yh
wysñùfuka lSmoskl isg wef.a
isrer oefjñka ;snqfKah' wdmiq
tk .uk mqrd weh is;ñka isáfha
t<fUkakg kshñ; fydardjl§
uelaiaf.ka ysñjk ta ñysß myi
.ek muKs' túg wef.a fof;d,a
u`ola újr ù ySka yskdjlska Tm
jefgkakg úh' ksjig <xfj;a u
foi;sh 34
2019 wf.daia;= 01
uelaiaf.a iam¾Yh
wysñùfuka lSmoskl
isg wef.a isrer
oefjñka ;snqfKah'
wdmiq tk .uk mqrd
weh is;ñka isáfha
t<fUkakg kshñ;
fydardjl§ uelaiaf.ka
ysñjk ta ñysß myi
.ek muKs'
fmdmshk wdYdjlska weh ;j ;j;a
msßmqkaj .shdh'˜
^fldÉpr f,dl= fndrejlao@ (
W!Id m%shkajod&
W!Idf.a iEu flál;djl u
flakaøh ia;%sh hs' tfy;a ia;%sh
uqyqK fok .eg¨j,g iy
wef.a wiykhg fya;=j yqfola
msßñhd nj yqjd olajñka msßñ
ixy;shg tfrys j .eyeksh Tijk
ia;%SjdÈkshla f,i zW!Id m%shkajodZ
wmg lsisúgl;a yuqjkafka keye'
iudc mßj¾;k fndfydauhla isÿ jQ
wdOqksl hq.fha ia;%sh;a" mqreIhd;a
fofokd u fmdÿfõ ú`oùulg ,la j
isák nj weh úYajdi l<d' th
iduqysl f,i iudchla w;aú`Èk
ú`oùula' fï fy<sorõj wef.a
miqld,Sk flál;d ;=<ska u;= ù
wdfõ úYajikSh f,aLk yrUhla
Tiafia' ia;%Sh fjkqfjka fmkS
isáfï§ fyda ia;%Sh hkq ljfrlaoe hs
y`ÿkajd§fï§ fyda W!Id
ia;%SjdÈkshl fkdùu miqld,Sk
yska§ f,aÅldjkag weh ,ndÿka uyd
wdo¾Yhla'
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iqúfYaIs hs' weh ;u idys;Hhg
fhdod .;a iqug" iq,,s;" Ndjd;aul"
ir, ni mdGlhdf.a nqoaê
uKav,h úlis; lsÍug jvd"
iu;ajQfha Tjqkaf.a is; ixfõoS j
le<Uùug hs' W!Id Ôú;fha jeä
bvla .;lf<a uydpd¾hjßhl
f,i úYajúoHd,j, hs' úYajúoHd,
Ydia;%Sh jgmsgdj iy tys iajNdjh
wef.a miqld,Sk flál;dj,
úYd, rEmfm<la w;am;a lr.kafka
ta fya;=fjka' kjl;d yhlska"
flál;d foiShlg wdikak
m%udKhlska yska§ idys;Hh .¾Nh
iYS%l l< W!Id ;u ks¾NS;
idys;Hh fiajh fjkqfjka 2007
jif¾oS zmoau N+IKZ iïudkhg o
Wreulï ,enqjd'
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.E ;enqjd' zzuf.a Ôú;h ieneúka u
tla;rd lD;shls' ud Ôú;h mqrd
/ia l< Okhla fõ kï ta" tu
lD;sfha wka;¾.;h hs' tys hï hï
;eka flkl=g ud ;=<ska meyeÈ,s j
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flfiaj;a oel .; fkdyels f,i
ie`.ù ;sfí'˜
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idys;Hhg mdGlhd jy jyd
wdl¾IKh jkafka tys we;s fmdÿ
ñksiaNdjhg hs' ñksid msáka fmak
;rug YS,dpdr fyda Y=oaO fyda
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flál;dj,ska kslafuk n,j;a u
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;rï tìlï lsÍula l< f,aÅldjla
yska§ idys;Hfha W!Idg fmr wmg
yuqjkafka keye' fyd`o jqK;a
krl jqK;a wef.a flál;dj,
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uDÿ jqK;a .| jqK;a iqj| jqK;a
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ng m%uqLhl= fia ihsuka
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j kï úfgl ÿrjfndaO
tfy;a we;=<;ska w;sYh
ióm f;aud yd pß;
Tiafia Ôú;h o iudch o
lshjkq ms‚i Tyq W;aiql
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;sfnkjd' tA" j¾;udk wjia:d yd
w;S; wjia:d oa;ajhla jYfhka'
w;S; wjia:d ,dxflah iskudfõ
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ziqoaÈ,df.a l;djZ ^1985& iskudmgh
ie,flkafka tys wOHlaI
O¾uisß nKavdrkdhlf.a iskud
Ndú;fha j¾OkSh wjia:djla
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  ihsuka kj.;af;a.u
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l< yels ksje/È iskudmgh zixidf¾ ovhlaldrhdZ'
u wdldrh inqoaêl Bg mdol fldgf.k we;af;a
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muK fmr ,shd m< l<
iskud Yd,dfjka kslau hk
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wkqj NslaIQka jykafia isÿùï Þuhla úêu;a ms<sfj<lg
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m%ldYlhd f,i hs' iskud Ndú;h fuys§ tu
wmyiq;dj m%Yak lrkakg iQÞkï'
2019 wf.daia;= 01
35 foi;sh
  fuysoS zovhlaldrhdf.a l;dfjZ
ys m<uq mßÉfþoh tfyu msáka u
zixidf¾ ovhlaldrhdZ iskudmgh
lrd /f.k fkd tAug hs m%ikak
W;aiql jkafka' we;a; jYfhka
u Tyqg yiqjkafka tys wd tla
ksfïIhla' th m%j¾Okhg m%ikak
olajk leue;a; lemS fmfkkjd'
fu;ek§ mek k.skafka m%ikak
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wka mßK; iskudlrejl=
j¾;udkfha§ wm w;r isákafka o
hk m%Yakhla'
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fma%laIlhd ;e;s .kajñka'
le,Eno .ï mshfia tk
.rd jegqKq úydria:dkfha
§ oï foiqulg ijka
fhdud isák f.dauÍ
kue;s hqj;sh jyd ke.sg
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hkjd' wE miqmi Èj tk
mqreIhdj jiÕ lr.kq
ms‚i f.dauÍ yeisfrkafka
m%pKavldÍ j'
foi;sh 36
2019 wf.daia;= 01
  iskudmgh werfUkafka
fma%laIlhd ;e;s .kajñka' le,Eno
.ï mshfia tk .rd jegqKq
úydria:dkfha § oï foiqulg
ijka fhdud isák f.dauÍ kue;s
hqj;sh jyd ke.sg jkdka;rh
n,d Èj hkjd' wE miqmi Èj tk
mqreIhdj jiÕ lr.kq ms‚i
f.dauÍ yeisfrkafka m%pKavldÍ
j' yßhg fldáhl= ish f.dÿr
weof.k hkakdla fuka f.dauÍ o
fï mqreIhd ;u oE;ska we|f.k
ruKhg iqÿiq ia:dkhla lrd
meñfKkjd' Tjqkaf.a ruKh
l=ßre hs' w;sOdjkldÍ hs' f.dauÍ
iqr;dka;hg m;a fjñka isák
fudfydf;a§ u t;ekg lvdmd;a
jk jkdka;rjdiS fldáhd ish,a,
wka rEmhlg fmr<kjd'
  NslaIQka jykafiag wjeis
jkafka t<efUk fjilaa fmdfydh
Þ idriqndjg wd.ñl lghq;=
bIag isoaO lrkakg' tfy;a
jkdka;rfha fldgila n÷
ovhlaldrhd l,amkd lrkafka
ñksia f,a ri jegqKq fldáhdj
urd fkd±uqjfyd;a isÿjk úkdYh
.ek' iskudlre m%ikak fu;ek§
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miqìu ks¾f,daNs j ilid fokjd'
tA NslaIQka jykafiaf.a wNsm%dh yd
ovhlaldrhdf.a wNsm%dh .eUqre
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uqyqKq ms<sn| ixjdohla' fN!;sl
f,dalh blaujd wdOHd;añl
biõjla lrd fï ixjdoh fhduq
lrk m%ikak fma%laIlhd yuqfõ
È. yßkafka Þ¾Yksl miqìula'
inqoaêl fma%laIlhkg fï jgmsgdj
.fõIKh lrñka Ôú;h u;=
fkdj iudch o lsheùfï udyeÕs
wjia:djla WÞlr .kak mq¿jka'
tfy;a Bg WÑ; bvyir imhd
fokakg m%ikak ;rul ue,slula
olajkjd' tA iskudmgh úiska b,a,d
isákq ,nk jmißh ixialrKhg
m%ikak mshjr .kakd ksid' fï
ksid isÿjkafka fma%laIlhkaf.a
m<dhdula' bka wjOdrKh flfrk
wkd.; yqfol,dj iïnkaOfhka
m%ikak fkdmudj l,amkd l< hq;=
fjkjd'
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iskud Yd,dfjka kslau hk úg'
túg hs iskudmgfha rej .=K
m%;slsheùulg ,la l< yels
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a k
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kakg mq¿jka' ovhlaldrhd
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u ixialD;sh yd iajNdjO¾uh
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wkaj¾:kdufhka áka
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w;r 2011 jif¾§ iaàjka iamS,an¾.a úiska Ñ;%mghlg o
jqKd' fï jirg áka ákaf.a jhi wjqreÿ 90la' áka
kÕkq ,enqjd' th wefußldkq fvd,¾ 375l wdodhula
áka fh!jk jd¾;dlrefjla' Tyq f,dj mqrd ixpdrh
Wmhkak iu;a jqKd'
lrkafka ;u f*dlaia fgßh¾ n¨ iqr;,d jk iafkdaù
iuÕ hs' fï pß;j,g mdol jQfha y¾ð iy Tyqf.a
fidfydhqre fmda,af.a ienE w;aoelSï' uq,a u l;d
2019 wf.daia;= 01
37 foi;sh

wjeis jkafka
iyDo ixfõoS ks,orejka
l jr uÜgul rcfha fiajlhl=
jqj;a Tjqka ish¨ fokd u
fiajh lrkafka fï rfÜ fmdÿ
ck;dj fjkqfjka' fï ksid
rcfha fiajlhl=g udkj in|;d
hkak b;d u jeo.;a' hym;a rdcH
fiajdjla uekeúka mj;ajdf.k
hdu i|yd th w;HjYH jQ
ldrKhla' ljr ;rd;srul
fiajlhl= jqj;a jeo.;a jkafka
ufyaYdlH ,S,dfjka isáñka
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fj; meñfKk wirK ñksiqkaf.a
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fõokdj,g weyqïlka §ug kï
tAjd ;ukaf.a njg m;a lr .;
hq;= hs' tA i|yd iqÿiq u ud¾. jkafka
l,dj idys;Hh weiqre lsÍu hs'
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úh yels hs'
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yels hs' Tyq m%dfoaYSh wdÞhï nÿ
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foi;sh 38
2019 wf.daia;= 01
Tyqf.a woyi fld;rï wjHdc
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riú¢k fm%alaIlhka th ;ukaf.a
lrf.k w~d je<fmñka ;ukaf.a
ÿl ;=kS lr .kakd w;aoelSï Tng;a
;sìh yels hs' ñksiqkaf.a wdfõ.
l,d ks¾udK njg m;a lr .ekSug
W;aidy .kakjd kï iudcfha
.eg¨ fld;rï úi|d .; yels
o@ iudch fld;rï kï iqkaor o@
m%Yakhlg uqyqK§fï§ iqyo j l;d
nia lr tAjd úi|d .ekSug iqÿiq
udkisl uÜgul mdi,a orejka
fkdisàu;a fÄojdplhla'
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rcfha fiajlhl=g
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wdfõ. md,kh lr .; yels l%u
2la mj;skjd' tla ud¾.hla jkafka
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kQ;k .S;h ie,l+ úg th
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wdl¾YkSh l,dx.hla f,i hs
ye¢kaúh yels jkafka' riúkaokh
i|yd yrj;a jQ .S; f;dard .ekSu;a
wm yuqfõ ;sfnk wNsfhda.hla'
iEu úg u lghq;= lrkafka ñksiqka
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th iudc m%cdjg u wh;a l,djla'
Tn ljr kï jQ jD;a;slhl= jqj;a
Tng risl;ajfhka neyer úh
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§ Tjqkaf.a ng¾ len,s ;=kla ksid
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