ARA CKH@^HMKH

Znrckrk O/R
 Hgtk \ahmcks 2-0
Ckrkhmkh dnhas furkackh pnh`kpkt 5 - ;:
Bghtgf
Ckrkhmkh dnhas surkt ;; - ;5

Ckrkhmkh dnhas ikpgrkh ;= - <:

Ckrkhmkh dnhas rnsuon <; ‒  <0

 <0

Ckrkhmkh dnhas onolkiks n-oni <> - <1

( fkhyk sktu n-oni `alnrackh )

Ckrkhmkh dnhas onolkiks skikf sktu n-oni 2: ‒  26

 26
( `uk n-oni `alnrackh )

Ckrkhmkh dnhas furkackh pnh`kpkt Iktafkh ; 0:

Iktafkh
Iktafkh < 0;

Ckrkhmkh dnhas surkt Iktafkh ; 0<

Iktafkh < 02

;
 

Ckrkhmkh dnhas ikpgrkh Iktafkh ; 00

Iktafkh < 0>

Ckrkhmkh dnhas rnsuon Iktafkh ; 05

Iktafkh < 0=

Ckrkhmkh dnhas onolkiks n-oni Iktafkh ; 06

( fkhyk sktu n-oni `alnrackh )
Iktafkh < 01

Ckrkhmkh dnhas onolkiks skikf Iktafkh ; >: - >;

sktu n-oni ( `uk n-oni `alnrackh )
Iktafkh < >< - >2

Dkwkpkh Inhmckp >0 - ;:5

<
 

HGPK \AHMCKR

2
 

HGPK LKFKMAKH K  ‒  CK\KHMKH

 CK\KHMKH \NRZGHR PN\FK@

;. Rktu sgkikh lnr`kskrckh cgolahksa cnpnilkmkakh lkfkh rkhmskhmkh

kckh `acnouckckh `kiko lkfkmakh K ( ckrkhmkh rnspghs tnrfk` )

Cnrtks ; Lkfksk Onikyu.

<.  Duoikf okrckf ykhm `alnra akikf snlkhykc 2: okrckf.

2. Duoikf oksk ykhm `alnrackh uhtuc onhdkwkl cnrtks ; ( Lkfkmakh

K & Lkfkmakh L ) akikf < dko.

2. Zkhdkhmhyk furkakh pnikdkr fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf

pktkf
pnrcktkkh.

0. Znikdkr kckh `aoahtk uhtuc4 ( skikf sktu )

k) Onhmfurkackh pnh`kpkt

 l) Onhuias snpubuc surkt

b) Onhyn`akckh ikpgrkh

`) Onhmfksaickh rnsuon

n) Onhdkwkl n-oni ( fkhyk sktu n-oni `alnrackh `kiko sgkikh )

e) Onhdkwkl n-oni ( `uk noni `alnrackh `kiko sgkikh `kh pnikdkr

 pnriu onhdkwkl sktu `krapk`k n-oni tnrsnlut )

0
 

BGHPGF
CK\KHMKH

>
 

BGHPGF CK\KHMKH ( DNHAR F^\KACKH ZNH@KZKP )

Okciuokt `a lkwkf lnrckatkh `nhmkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko. Furkackh

 pnh`kpkt kh`k tnhtkhm pnhmkhmcutkh kwko `a Okikysak. Zkhdkhmhyk
furkakh fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

 
 \khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Znhmkhmcutkh kwko

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 ^ouo
Egrokt 4 Pak`k

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa pnhmkhmcutkh kwko
- Dnhas pnhmkhmcutkh kwko

Asa ; 4 Cnpnhtahmkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko

- onhmurkhmckh cnsnskckh ikiu iahtks
- onhdaoktckh oksk `kh onhdaoktckh cgs pnhmkhmcutkh
- onhmurkhmckh pnhbnokrkh kiko sncatkr

Asa < 4 Ikhmckf onhmmkikckh pnhmmuhkkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko

- Cnrkdkkh pnriu onhyn`akckh pnruhtuckh cfks lkma onolkacpuiaf
cnou`kfkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko
- onhahmcktckh cukhtata `kh cukiata pnhmkhmcutkh kwko.
-  pnhmuskfk
 pnhmuskfk snsnlukf pnhmkhmcutkh
pnhm khmcutkh kwko pnriuikf onhyn`akckh
 pnrcfa`oktkh ykhm inlaf pkhtks `kh
` kh neasanh

 
 Asa 24 Okskikf pnhmkhmcutkh kwko ykhm `afk`kpa
- Pkolkhm ykhm okfki
- Dkhmck oksk onhuhmmu ykhm ikok

- Cnsnikoktkh pnhuopkhm tnrkhbko

Cnsaopuikh

 pnhmmuhkkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko- lkhykc cninlafkhhyk -

onhmmuhkckh - ckn`kf - sktu `nstahksa cn sktu `nstahksa ykhm ikah

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Znhmkhmcutkh kwko ktku trkhsat kwko onrkhmcuoa snmkik sastno

 pnhmkhmcutkh ykhm okhk pnhuopkhm ta`kc lnrmnrkc onhmmuhkckh
cnh`nrkkh snh`ara. Pnr`kpkt pnilkmka dnhas pnhmkhmcutkh kwko,
khtkrkhyk akikf, tncsa, lks, I\P `kh cnrntkpa.

Znhmkhmcutkh kwko `kpkt onhmurkhmckh cnsnskckh ikiu iahtks

cnrkhk duoikf cnh`nrkkh pnrsnh`arakh `a dkikh rkyk kckh lnrcurkhmkh.
Rnikah atu, pnhmmuhkkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko onhdaoktckh oksk `kh
cgs pnhmkhmcutkh. Pkolkhm pnhmkhmcutkh kwko dkuf inlaf ourkf
 lnrlkh`ahm cgs
c gs onhmmuhkckh cnh`nrkkh snh
snh`ara.
`ara. Znhmkhmcutkh
Znhmkhmc utkh kwko
 dumk onhmurkhmckh pnhbnokrkh kiko sncatkr, bghtgfhyk, I\P
ta`kc onhmniukrckh kpk-kpk lkfkh tgcsac ykhm lnrlkfkyk snlkiachyk
onhmmuhkckh tnhkmk ninctrac uhtuc lnreuhmsa.

Lkma onhmmkikckh pnhmmuhkkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko, pafkc

cnrkdkkh pnriu onhyn`akckh pnruhtuckh cfks lkma onolkac

puiaf cnou`kfkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko . Rnikah atu, pafkc cnrkdkkh

 pnriu onhkrac pnrfktakh rkcykt `nhmkh onhahmcktckh cukhtata `kh
cukiata pnhmkhmcutkh kwko. Znhmuskfk snsnlukf pnhmkhmcutkh
kwko fkrusikf onhyn`akckh pnrcfa`oktkh ykhm inlaf pkhtks `kh
neasanh cnrkhk cninokfkh pnrcfa`oktkh `kh cninwktkh dk`uki
 pnrdkikhkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko kckh onruoatckh cnfa`upkh
oksykrkckt.

 
 Khtkrk okskikf pnhmkhmcutkh kwko ykhm `afk`kpa akikf tkolkhm
ykhm okfki. Rnsntnhmkf pnhmkhmcutkh kwko onhmnhkckh lkykrkh
ykhm tahmma. Rnikah atu,  dkhmck oksk onhuhmmu ykhm ikok  dumk
onhaoluickh cnsuiatkh `kiko ckikhmkh pnhuopkhm. Rnsntnhmkf

 pnhmkhmcutkh kwko dumk onhynlklckh cnsnikoktkh pnhuopkhm

tnrkhbko. Rackp ta`kc lnrtkhmmuhmdkwkl ykhm `akokickh ginf
snsntnhmkf pnokh`u onhlkfkykckh hykwk pnhuopkhm.

Cnsaopuikhhyk, pnhmmuhkkh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko onokhm lkhykc

cninlafkhhyk dack `alkh`ahmckh `nhmkh pnhmmuhkkh cnh`nrkkh
 pnrsnh`arakh. Rnlkmka rkcykt Okikysak ykhm ladkc `kh bnrokt, catk
 pnriuikf onhmmuhkckh pnhmkhmcutkh kwko snlkmka ckn`kf uhtuc
 lnrmnrkc `kra sktu `nstahksa cn sktu `nstahksa ykhm ikah.

;:

 
 BGHPGF CK\KHMKH ( DNHAR R^\KP )

Mkolkr `kh okciuokt `a lkwkf onhuhducckh okskikf pnh`ktkhm

tkhpk azah `a ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki kh`k. Rnlkmka sngrkhm pnh`u`uc
ykhm prafktah, tuias snpubuc surkt cnpk`k pafkc lnrcuksk tnopktkh
uhtuc onhmk`uckh okskikf pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah `a ckwkskh tnopkt
tahmmki kh`k `kh bk`khmckh tah`kckh ykhm pnriu `akolai. Zkhdkhmhyk
surkt kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

;;

 
 \khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Okskikf pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 a) Okskikf
aa) Bk`khmkh/ ikhmckf
Egrokt 4 Rurkt Caraokh \ksoa

Znh`kfuiukh
- Onopnrcnhkickh `ara
- Onhyktkckh tudukh onhuias surkt

Asa ; ( Cnk`kkh ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki )

- cndk`akh cnburakh `kh rgopkckh
  lnrcnikcukh ta`kc sgpkh cnpk`k
- lnrcnikcukh cnp k`k pnh`u`uc-pnh`
pnh`u`uc-pnh`u`uc
u`uc
- cnmaktkh dnhkykf snpnrta pnhykikfmuhkkh `k`kf snrtk lnrdu`a

Asa < ( Cnskh iaopkfkh pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah )

- onhynlklckh pnrmk`ufkh `a khtkrk pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah `nhmkh

 pnh`u`uc
- Cnk`kkh ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki ykhm curkhm snikokt `kh tnrkhbko
onolaolkhmckh pkrk pnh`u`uc lnikckhmkh aha.

;<

 
 Asa 2 ( bk`khmkh tah`kckh ykhm fkrus `akolai )
- onhahmcktckh ckwkikh `kh pnhmkwkskh `a ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki
- onolukt snrlukh `kh onhkhmckp pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah
azah `a
ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki ckoa

-  onhdktufckh fucuokh ykhm lnrkt tnroksuc fucuokh okh`ktgra

Znhutup
- fkrkpkh
  pnhmfkrmkkh
- pnhmfkrmkkh

;2

 
 Ckrkhmkh pnhuf4
<0-2L,
Pahmckt Bnopkck >,
Pkokh Mnolark,

0<=:: Lkhtahm,
Rnikhmgr @krui Nfskh.

Cntuk Lkika,
Lkika Zgias Cikhm Rniktkh,
Dkikh Mn`uhm \kdk Kl`uiikf,
0;>5: Cikhm,
Rnikhmgr @krui Nfskh. 2: OKB <:<:

Pukh/Zukh,

Okskikf Znh`ktkhm Pkhpk Azah `kh Bk`khmkh Pah`kckh ykhm Znriu

@akolai

Rnlkmka sngrkhm pnh`u`uc Pkokh Mnolark, tudukh skyk onhuias surkt

aha k`kikf uhtuc onhmk`uckh okskikf pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah aha ykhm
onhdk`a ekctgr lnrikcuhyk pnilkmka okskikf sgsaki snfahmmk
onhmkhmmu cntnhtnrkokh pnh`u`uc `a ckwkskh aha. Rkyk dumk ahmah
onhmntnhmkfckh lnlnrkpk bk`khmkh tah`kckh ykhm
y khm pnriu `akolai `noa
cnpnhtahmkh pkrk pnh`u`uc ckwkskh aha.

;0

 
 <.  ^htuc okciuokh tukh/pukh, laikhmkh pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah ykhm
snokcah onhahmckt onhaoluickh lnlnrkpk okskikf cnpk`k pkrk
 pnh`u`uc. Okskikf pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah aha su`kf tnhtu onhahmmkickh

cnskh hnmktae snfahmmk onhmkhmmu cntnhtnrkokh pnh`u`uc. Khtkrkhyk

tnroksucikf cndk`akh cnburakh `kh rgopkckh, lnrcnikcukh ta`kc sgpkh
cnpk`k pnh`u`uc-pnh`u`uc akatu onhmkhmmu mk`as-mk`as ykhm puikhm
ikolkt `kra cnrdk `kh cnmaktkh dnhkykf snpnrta pnhykikfmuhkkh `k`kf
snrtk lnrdu`a.

2.  Rackp `kh pnrluktkh hnmktae pnh`ktkhm ksahm tkhpk azah aha
onhynlklckh pnrmk`ufkh `a khtkrk pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah `nhmkh
pnh`u`uc `a ckwkskh aha. Cnk`kkh ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki ykhm
curkhm snikokt `kh tnrkhbko aha onolaolkhmckh pkrk pnh`u`uc
 lnikckhmkh aha.

0.  Ckoa lnrfkrkp pafkc tukh/pukh `kpkt onhmkolai tah`kckh kwki

`noa cnsnikoktkh pnh`u`uc ckwkskh aha cnrkhk onhbnmkf inlaf lkac
`krapk`k onhmulkta. Khtkrk tah`kckh ykhm ckoa bk`khmckh akikf
onhahmcktckh ckwkikh `kh pnhmkwkskh `a ckwkskh tnopkt
tahmmki ckoa supkyk cndk`akh dnhkykf `kpkt `alkhtnrks. Rnikah atu,
ckoa lnrfkrkp pafkc lnrcuksk `kpkt onolukt snrlukh `kh
onhkhmckp pnh`ktkhm tkhpk azah `a ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki
ckoaa u
cko uht
htuc
uc onolnh`uhm
onolnh`uhm iaopkfkh
iaopkfkh pnh`ktk
pnh`ktkhm
hm ksahm tkhpk azah.

;>

 
 Onrnck ykhm `alnrcks snfkrushyk `adktufa fucuokh ykhm lnrkt
tnroksuc fucuokh okh`ktgra.

Kcfar cktk, skyk lnrfkrkp kmkr pafkc tukh/pukh onhmkolai tah`kckh

snmnrk `noa cnsnikoktkh `kh cntnhtnrkokh pnh`u`uc `a ckwkskh aha.

Cnrdkskok tukh/pukh kokt skyk fkrmka.

Rncakh, tnraok cksaf.

 Kzfkr
(KTFK\ RFK\^@AH LAH OGF@ IKPAZ)
Znh`u`uc Pkokh Mnolark, Cikhm.

;5

 
 BGHPGF CK\KHMKH ( DNHAR IKZG\KH )

Lkfkh mrkeac `a lkwkf onhuhducckh pgstnr pnstk lucu khdurkh

Znrlk`khkh Cnokdukh Hnmnra Rnikhmgr ( ZCHR ). Znrsktukh Lkfksk
Onikyu sncgikf kh`k tnikf onhmk`kckh ikwktkh skolai lnikdkr cn pnstk
 lucu tnrsnlut. Rnlkmka sntakuskfk Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu,
Onikyu , kh`k
`aoahtk uhtuc onhuias ikpgrkh tnhtkhm ikwktkh tnrsnlut uhtuc
`atnrlatckh `kiko okdkikf sncgikf. Puias ikpgrkh atu `nhmkh
sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk surkt kh`k fnh`kcikf
fnh` kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <::
 pktkf pnrcktkkh.

;=

 
 \khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Ikwktkh cn Znstk Lucu Khdurkh ZCHR

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 ^ouo
Egrokt 4 Ikpgrkh

Znh`kfuiukh
- Rakpk ykhm onhmk`kckh ikwktkh `kh sakpk pnhmkhdurhyk
- Pkracf, fkra `kh tnopkt pnstk lnrikhmsuhm
- Rakpk ykhm tnrialkt

Asa ;
- Pudukh ikwktkh
- Kpk ykhm `apkonrckh `kiko pnstk

Asa <
- Fkrmk lucu
- Zrgogsa

Asa 2
- Cntnrkhmkh pnrtkh`ahmkh ykhm `ak`kckh

Znhutup
- Lnrtgikc pk`k pucui lnrkpk
- Znrkskkh

- Fkrkpkh

;6

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Ikpgrkh Ikwktkh cn Znstk Lucu khdurkh ZCHR

Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Dkikh

Lucat tnikf onhmk`kckh ikwktkh skolai lnikdkr cn pnstk lucu khdurkh
ZCHR. Ikwktkh atu tnikf `ak`kckh pk`k 0 Okb <:;1 lnrskokkh fkra
Ashah. Znstk lucu tnrsnlut tnikf `ak`kckh `a Zuskt Cghvnhsynh Rfkf
Kiko (RKBB). Ckoa lnrtgikc `kra sncgikf pk`k pucui 6.2: pkma
`nhmkh onhkaca lks sncgikf. Rnrkoka 0: grkhm oura` tahmcktkh tamk
`kh tamk grkhm muru pnhmarahm tnikf onhynrtka ikwktkh atu.

Pudukh ikwktkh atu `ak`kckh k`kikf uhtuc onhkhko oahkt

onolkbk pnilkmka dnhas lucu `kiko `ara pnikdkr-pnikdkr. Znilkmka
 dnhas lucu tnikf `apkonrckh `kiko pkonrkh atu. Khtkrk lucu-lucu
lucu -lucu
ykhm `apkonrckh akikf lucu eacsynh `kh luckh eacsynh. Lucu eacsynh
tnr`ara `krapk`k lucu-lucu bnratk `kh cgoac okhkckik lucu luckh
eacsynh tnr`ara `krapk`k lucu lnrlnhtuc aioakf snpnrta sndkrkf , lucu
nhsacigpn`ak `kh ikah-ikah.

Ckoa onhudu cn sntakp mnrka lucu ykhm `asn`akckh. Cnlkhykckh

 lucu ykhm `apkonrckh
`ap konrckh onrupkckh lucu tnrlatkh tnopktkh. Lucu-lucu
`aduki `nhmkh fkrmk ykhm lnrpktutkh, inlaf ourkf lnrlkh`ahm fkrmk
 lucu `a cn`ka lucu. Rnouk lucu ruduckh `kh iktafkh `alnrackh `asckuh

snlkhykc <> pnrktus okhkckik snouk lucu bnratk `kh cgoac `alnrackh

;1

 
 `asckuh snlkhykc ;: pnrktus. Ckoa oniukhmckh oksk uhtuc oniafkt
`kh onolninc-lninc lucu ykhm `apkonrckh `a sntakp mnrka.

Ckoa dumk lnrpniukhm onhmacuta kbkrk sniahmkh ykhm `asn`akckh ginf

 pafkc pnhmkhdur. Rnikah kbkrk bklutkh lnrtkuf, tnr`kpkt pnrtkh`ahmkh

ykhm `ak`kckh uhtuc ononrakfckh ikma pkonrkh lucu . Khtkrk
 pnrtkh`ahmkh ykhm `ak`kckh akikf pnrtkh`ahmkh lnrbnratk, pnrtkh`ahmkh
onwkrhk `kh pnrtkh`ahmkh ndkkh lkfksk Onikyu. Ckoa, snikcu wkcai
Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Dkikh Lucat,
tnikf onhynrtka pnrtkh`ahmkh lnrbnratk.

Ckoa lnrtgikc uhtuc puikhm cn sncgikf pk`k dko < pntkhm. Ikwkt
Ikwktkh
kh
cn pnstk lucu tnrsnlut snonokhmhyk skhmkt onhynrghgcckh. Ckoa
 lnrfkrkp kmkr pnstk lucu `ak`kckh `kra oksk cn oksk uh
uhtuc
tuc onoupuc
onoupuc
 lu`kyk onolkbk `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt, tnrutkokhyk pnikdkr-
 pnikdkr.

Ikpgrkh `asn`akckh ginf, = OKB <:;1

Hasfk

( HARFK K/Z K\UAH@\KH )

Rntakuskfk,
Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu,
Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Dkikh Lucat.

<:

 
 BGHPGF CK\KHMKH ( DNHAR \NR^ON )

Acikh-acikh `a lkwkf onhuhducckh snlkfkmakh `krapk`k acikh cnrdk

cgsghm. Lnr`kskrckh acikh-acikh ykhm `alnrackh, sn`akckh rnsuon `ara
kh`k ykhm inhmckp lkma pnrogfghkh sktu pncnrdkkh ykhm kh`k oahkta.
Zkhdkhmhyk rnsuon kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf
 pnrcktkkh.

<;

 
 \khmck ckrkhmkh4

***Fkhyk sn`akckh rnsuon `ara kh`k ykhm inhmckp lkma pnrogfghkh

sktu pncnrdkkh ykhm kh`k oahkta.

Zaiafkh dkwktkh ykhm `aoahkta4

  Lag`ktk @ara
•

-   Hkok4
-  ^our4
-  Pnopkt ikfar4
-  Dkhtahk4
 
- ]krmkhnmkrk4
-  Lkhmsk4
-  Rtktus4
-  Kikokt

  Iktkr Lnikckhm Kck`noac

•

•
  Znhmkikokh Cnrdk

  Cnokfarkh @ara
•

  Zgtnhsa @ara
•

  \uduckh
•

<<

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Dkwktkh ykhm `aoahkta akikf Muru Pk`ack

Lag`ktk @ara Cnokfarkh Lkfksk

 Hkok4 Rfkeaqkf Kzrahk Lahta Znogfgh lginf lnrcgouhacksa
Ogfkon` Kora `kiko tamk dnhas lkfksk ykhm
^our4 <2 tkfuh  lnrikahkh, akatu Lkfksk Onikyu,
Pnopkt ikfar4 Fgspatki Zusrkwa, Lkfksk Ahmmnras `kh Lkfksk
Zntkiahm Dkyk, Rnikhmgr. Bahk. Znogfgh onoaiaca sadai
Dkhtahk4 Znrnopukh  pnrlukikh ksks Lkfksk Bahk.

]krmkhnmkrk4Okikysak
Lkhmsk4 Onikyu Cnokfarkh ahtnrpnrsghki
Rtktus4 Ludkhm Rnlkmka sngrkhm lncks muru

Kikokt4 Hg 2>5, Dkikh Ruitkh, tk`ack ykhm lnrpnhmkikokh,

05=:: Zntkiahm Dkyk,  pnogfgh onopuhyka

onopuhy ka cnokfarkh

Rnikhmgr @krui Nfskh.  lnrcgouhacksa `kh lnrahtnrkcsa

`nhmkh ckhkc-ckhkc. Khtkrkhyk,

Iktkr Lnikckhm Kck`noac  pnoacarkh crnktae, cnsklkrkh `kh

cgouhacksa vnrlki.
Znogfgh onoaica Radai Znikdkrkh
Okikysak `nhmkh pudkkh `kiko oktk
 pnikdkrkh Lkfksk Onikyu, Lkfksk Zgtnhsa @ara
Ahmmnras, Cnsuskstnrkkh Onikyu,   Znogfgh sngrkhm
• sngr khm ykhm pgsatae

Znh`a`ackh Rnha Uasuki `kh `kh ta`kc ou`kf putus ksk

Znh`a`ackh Ouzac. Znogfgh onoaiaca

<2

 
 Adkzkf Rkrdkhk Znh`a`ackh (Znh`a`ackh `kiko onolaolahm ckhkc-
Kwki Ckhkc-ckhkc). ckhkc.
•   Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm sklkr
Znhmkikokh cnrdk onikykh ckrnhkf ckhkc-

Znogfgh onrupkckh lncks muru tk`ack ckhkc.

`a Pk`ack Rnra @niaok, Rulkhm Dkyk •   Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm
snikok 5 tkfuh. Znogfgh dumk pnrhkf  lnrtkhmmuhmdkwkl `kiko
 lncnrdk snlkmka muru tksck `a Pksck onhyakpckh tumks ykhm
Rfkiazk, Zntkiahm Dkyk. `akokhkfckh `kh lginf
`apnrbkyka.
•   Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm
 pnhykykhm onh`a`ac ckhkc-
ckhkc.

\uduckh
Dack ononriuckh okciuokt
ikhdut tnhtkhm `ara pnogfgh
( skyk ), saik fuluhma4

•   Zukh Rata Rurkyk, Znhmntuk

Pk`ack Rnra @niaok, Rulkhm
Dkyk.
•  Bac Oaoa Kziahk, Muru Pksck
Rfkiazk, Zntkiahm Dkyk.

<0

 
 BGHPGF CK\KHMKH ( DNHAR ONOLKIKR N-ONI )
Lkbk n-oni `a lkwkf `nhmkh tniatahyk. Kh`k `acnfnh`kca onhdkwkl
n-oni `a lkwkf. Puias n-oni kh`k atu sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk n-oni
kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

@krapk`k4 kiaefkcaoW:6=>Jmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  kiaefkcaoW:6=>Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 aokhekrfkh:0Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4  aokhekrfkh:0Jykfgg.bgo
Ruldnc4 Cnastaonwkkh pnrokahkh trk`asaghki

Rkiko fgrokt Aokh,

Kpk cfklkr7 Okke cnrkhk su`kf ikok skyk ta`kc onhmfkhtkr n-oni
cnpk`k kwkc. Rkyk sn`khm onikcuckh pnhynia`ackh lnrckatkh
 pnrokahkh trk`asaghki `a Okikysak. Lginfckf kwkc lnrcghmsa tnhtkhm
cnastaonwkkh pnrokahkh ttrk`asaghki7
rk`asaghki7 K`kckf pnrokahkh trk`asaghki
snokcah `apahmmarckh ginf mnhnrksa ou`k7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Kiae Fkcao

<>

 
 \khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Znrokahkh trk`asaghki

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Cnastaonwkkh pnrokahkh trk`asaghki

Egrokt 4 N-oni

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa pnrokahkh trk`asaghki
- Dnhas pnrokahkh trk`asaghki

Asa ; ( Cnpnhtahmkh ; 4 ]kraskh lu`kyk Okikysak )

- onikolkhmckh k`kt, lu`kyk `kh a`nhtata snsuktu lkhmsk
- wkraskh turuh-tnouruh ykhm pnriu `ainstkrackh uhtuc tktkpkh mnhnrksa
kckh `ktkhm

Asa < ( Cnpnhtahmkh < 4 Kikt falurkh )

- onhmasa oksk ikpkhm.
- onhmurkhmckh strnss `kh onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh snsngrkhm
- onhmucufckh fuluhmkh oksykrkckt

Asa 2 ( Cnpnhtahmkh 24 prg`uc pnikhbghmkh )

- onhmuhtuhmckh hnmkrk
- onhkrac oahkt pnikhbghm ksahm uhtuc lnrbuta `a Okikysak
- kiarkh oksuc oktk wkhm ksahm cn `kiko hnmkrk onhahmckt

<5

 
 Znhutup
- mnhnrksa ou`k cnrkhk onrnck curkhm onhmnhkia euhmsa `kh
cnpnhtahmkh pnrokahkh trk`asaghki

- pnriu
  `ainstkrackh uhtuc `adk`ackh kikt pnhmfuluhm saikturkfao khtkrk
mnhnrksa `uiu `kh caha

<=

 
 Ckrkhmkh pnhuf4

@krapk`k4 aokhekrfkh:0Jykfgg.bgo
@krapk`k4  aokhekrfkh:0Jykfgg.bgo k
 k
Cnpk`k4 iaefkcaoW:6=>Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  iaefkcaoW:6=>Jmokai.bgo

Ruldnc4 Cnastaonwkkh pnrokahkh trk`asaghki

Rkiko fgrokt Kiae,

Rkyk kokt mnolark kpklaik onh`kpkt n-oni aha `krapk`k kwkc. Rkyk
sncniukrmk safkt wkikeakt. Rkyk ckmuo `nhmkh cnsuhmmufkh kwkc
uhtuc onhmckda tnhtkhm pnrokahkh trk`asaghki `a Okikysak.
Znrokahkh trk`asaghki onrupkckh pnrokahkh ykhm `aokahckh ginf
mnhnrksa pk`k zkokh hnhnc ogykhm catk sndkc `kfuiu ikma. Khtkrkhyk
akikf pnrokahkh mksahm, wku `kh bghmckc.

Znrokahkh trk`asaghki pnhtahm cnrkhk ak onrupkckh wkraskh lu`kyk

Okikysak ykhm ta`kc tnrhaika fkrmkhyk. Ak onikolkhmckh k`kt,
 lu`kyk `kh a`nhtata snsuktu lkhmsk. Znrokahkh trk`asaghki onrupkckh

wkraskh turuh-tnouruh ykhm pnriu `ainstkrackh uhtuc tktkpkh mnhnrksa

kckh `ktkhm.

Znrokahkh trk`asaghki `kpkt `adk`ackh snlkmka kikt falurkh uhtuc

onhmasa oksk ikpkhm. @nhmkh lnrokah pnrokahkh trk`asaghki,
snsngrkhm `kpkt onhmurkhmckh strnss `kh onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh

<6

 
 snsngrkhm. Ak turut onhmucufckh fuluhmkh oksykrkckt catk ykhm
 lnrlaikhm lkhmsk `kh snhtaksk saluc onhmndkr
onhm ndkr cnckykkh `uhakwa.

Rnikah atu, pnrokahkh trk`asaghki onrupkckh skikf sktu prg`uc

pnikhbghmkh ykhm onhmuhtuhmckh hnmkrk. @asnlklckh pnrokahkh

trk`asaghki onopkonrckh cnuhackh lu`kyk, pnikhbghm iukr kckh
tnrpnmuh oniafkt cnuhackh tnrsnlut. Rnbkrk ta`kc ikhmsuhm,
 pnrokahkh trk`asaghki onhkrac oahkt pnikhbghm ksahm uhtuc lnrbuta
`a Okikysak `kh kiarkh oksuc oktk wkhm ksahm cn `kiko hnmkrk kckh
onhahmckt.

Rnsuhmmufhyk, pnrokahkh trk`asaghki snokcah `apahmmarckh ginf

mnhnrksa ou`k cnrkhk onrnck curkhm onhmnhkia euhmsa `kh
cnpnhtahmkh pnrokahkh trk`asaghki. Znrokahkh trk`asaghki pnriuikf
`ainstkrackh uhtuc `adk`ackh kikt pnhmfuluhm saikturkfao khtkrk
mnhnrksa `uiu `kh caha. Rnlkmka rkcykt Okikysak ykhm onhmfkrmka
wkraskh trk`asa snfkrushyk lnrmkh`ahm lkfu lkmka kur `nhmkh
tnlahm `kiko uskfk onhmnckickh pnrokahkh trk`asaghki aha.

Fkrkp pnhdnikskh skyk kckh onolkhtu kwkc `kiko onhyakpckh

 pnhynia`ackh atu.

Rkfklktou,
Aokh Ekrfkh

<1

 
 BGHPGF CK\KHMKH ( DNHAR ONOLKIKR RKIKF RKP^ N-ONI )

Lkbk cn`uk-`uk n-oni `a lkwkf `nhmkh tniata. Kh`k `acnfnh`kca

onhdkwkl sktu `krapk`k n-oni `a lkwkf. Puias n-oni kh`k atu
sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk n-oni kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk
<:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.
n-oni ;

@krapk`k4 sfkzkWhktksfk:0Jmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  sfkzkWhktksfk:0Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 `krvahoabfkniW65Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  `krvahoabfkniW65Jmokai.bgo
Ruldnc4 Okskikf strns

Rkiko fgrokt @krvah,

Kpk cfklkr7 K`kckf kwkc su`kf lnrsn`ak uhtuc onh`u`uca

Znpnracskkh RZO ykhm lkcki onhdnikhm7 Rndkc cnlnikckhmkh aha,
skyk lnrksk skhmkt tnrtnckh. Lginfckf kwkc bk`khmckh lnlnrkpk bkrk
uhtuc onhkhmkha strns `kh okhekkt-okhekkt ykhm `kpkt skyk rkaf
`krapk`khyk7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Rfkzk

2:

 
 n-oni <

@krapk`k4 hk`akWavkhJykfgg.bgo
@krapk`k4  hk`akWavkhJykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4 sgeak>>Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  sgeak>>Jmokai.bgo

Ruldnc4 Okskikf glnsata

Rkiko fgrokt Rgeak,

Kpk cfklkr7 Rndkc cnlnikckhmkh aha, skyk kmkc tnrtnckh cnrkhk

onhmkikoa okskikf glnsata. Lnrkt lk`kh skyk snokcah onhahmckt.
Lginfckf kwkc bk`khmckh lnlnrkpk bkrk uhtuc onhmktksa okskikf
glnsata `kh okhekkt-okhekkt ykhm `kpkt skyk rkaf `krapk`khyk7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
 Hk`ak

2;

 
 ****Znikdkr fkhyk pnriu onolkiks skikf sktu n-oni ( skok k`k n-oni
; ktku n-oni < )

Bghtgf tnikf `alnrackh uhtuc n-oni ; `kh n-oni < .

Bkrk onhdkwkl n-oni ;

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Rtrns
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Bkrk onhkhmkha strns `kh okhekkthyk
Egrokt 4 N-oni

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa strns

Asa ; ( Bkrk ; 4 Onikcuckh kctavata rak`kf )

- onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh kwkc
- onhmniukrckh pniuf `kra lk`kh

- onhyahmcarckh tgcsah `kiko lk`kh

- onhdk`ackh lk`kh kwkc inlaf bnrmks.

Asa < ( Bkrk < 4 Ladkc onhmurusckh oksk )

- onhyn`akckh dk`uki wkctu lnikdkr
  pnhyn`akkh dk`uki wkctu lnikdkr onolkhtu onhmurusckh
- pnhyn`akkh onhmurusckh oksk snbkrk
 lnrcnskh

2<

 
   pnhyn`akkh dk`uki onolnra rukhm ykhm bucup uhtuc onolukt
- pnhyn`akkh
 pnrsn`akkh kwki

Asa 2 ( Bkrk 2 4 Onh`kpktckh rnfkt ykhm bucup )

- onh`kpktckh ta`ur ykhm onhbucupa
- rnfkt `kh ta`ur ykhm onhbucupa kckh onhdk`ackh lk`kh lnrtnhkmk,
onhdk`ackh oah`k `kh pnoacarkh tnhkhm

Znhutup
  Hksafkt
- Hksafkt

- Fkrkpkh

22

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

@krapk`k4 `krvahoabfkniW65Jmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  `krvahoabfkniW65Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 sfkzkWhktksfk:0Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  sfkzkWhktksfk:0Jmokai.bgo

Ruldnc4 Bkrk onhkhmkha strns `kh okhekkthyk

Rkiko fgrokt Rfkzk,

Rkyk safkt wkikeakt `a saha. Rkyk sn`khm onolukt pnrsakpkh uhtuc

onh`u`uca Znpnracskkh RZO ykhm lkcki onhdnikhm . Rkyk kmkc rasku
`nhmkh cnk`kkh kwkc cnrkhk tnckhkh lginf onhynlklckh kwkc
onhmkikoa cnta`kcstklaikh eazacki ktku onhtki. Pnckhkh ktku strns
kckh onhmkcalktckh cnskh hnmktae tnrfk`kp pnolnikdkrkh kwkc.

Khtkrk bkrk onhkhmkha strns akikf onikcuckh kctavata rak`kf.

Bghtgf cnmaktkh rak`kf akikf lnrnhkhm, lnrlksacki `kh lnrokah
 lk`oahtgh. Kctavata rak`kf `kpkt onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh kwkc. Fki
aha `acktkckh `noacakh cnrkhk kctavata suckh ononriuckh pnrmnrkckh

 lk`kh ykhm kctae. @nhmkh onikcuckh kctavata rak`kf, kwkc `kpkt

onhmniukrckh pniuf `kra lk`kh kwkc ykhm onhyahmcarckh tgcsah
`kiko lk`kh. Kctavata rak`kf `kpkt onhmurkhmckh strns, snckia mus
onhdk`ackh lk`kh kwkc inlaf bnrmks.

Rntnrushyk, kwkc pnriu ladkc onhmurusckh oksk . Kwkc lginf

onhyn`akckh dk`uki wkctu lnikdkr `kh pkstackh kwkc onhmacutahyk

20

 
 `nhmkh lnr`asapiah. Znhyn`akkh dk`uki wkctu lnikdkr kckh onolkhtu
kwkc uhtuc onhmurusckh oksk snbkrk lnrcnskh supkyk kwkc kckh
onopuhyka oksk ykhm onhbucupa uhtuc onhmuikhmckda pnikdkrkh
`nhmkh inlaf onhyniuruf `kh lnrsakp sn`ak uhtuc onhmfk`kpa

 pnpnracskkh. Znhmuruskh oksk

oksk ykhm bnckp kckh onolnra kwkc rukhm
ykhm bucup uhtuc onolukt pnrsn`akkh kwki supkyk kwkc `kpkt
onhbkpka cnbnonrikhmkh `kiko pnpnracskkh hkhta.

Kwkc dumk pnriu onh`kpktckh rnfkt ykhm bucup. Kwkc pnriu

onh`kpktckh ta`ur ykhm onhbucupa, sncurkhm-curkhmhyk 6 dko
supkyk oah`k kwkc ta`kc tnrtnckh. \nfkt `kh ta`ur ykhm onhbucupa
kckh onhdk`ackh lk`kh kwkc lnrtnhkmk, oah`k `kh pnoacarkh kwkc
tnhkhm, sntnrushyk onhmurkhmckh ck`kr strns.

Pnckhkh turut onrupkckh suolnr ogtavksa, dustnru tkhpk tnckhkh,

fa`up curkhm lnrsnra uopkok pgcgc ykhm ta`kc lnrluhmk. Kwkc
 pnriu snhtaksk lnreacarkh pgsatae `kh cukt onhmfk`kpa tnckhkh. Rkyk
 lnrfkrkp bkrk-bkrk
b krk-bkrk tnrsnlut `kpkt onolkhtu kwkc uhtuc onhkhmkha
strns.

Rkfklktou,
@krvah

2>

 
 Bkrk onhdkwkl n-oni <

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Cnsafktkh
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Bkrk onhkhmkha glnsata `kh okhekkthyk
Egrokt 4 N-oni

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa glnsata

Asa ; ( Bkrk ; 4 Znhmkwkikh pnhmkolaikh okckhkh)

- `kpkt onhmnikcckh okckhkh ykhm tahmma ckh`uhmkh ckigra

- lkhykcckh
  okckh skyur-skyurkh
skyur -skyurkh `kh lukf
lukf-lukfkh
-lukfkh cnrkhk ak
onolkhtu onhmurkhmckh ck`kr cnmnouckh.

Asa < ( Bkrk < 4 Lkhykckh onikcuckh kctavata rak`kf )

- onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh kwkc
- onhmniukrckh pniuf
- onhyahmcarckh tgcsah `kiko lk`kh

Asa 2 ( Bkrk 2 4 Onolukt pnonracskkh cnsafktkh )

-  lginf
 lginf onh`kpktckh hksafkt `gctgr
`gctg r onhmnhka stktus cnhbahm okhas,
 lkbkkh tnckhkh `krkf tahmma, `kh lkbkkh `nmupkh
`nm upkh dkhtuhm.

Znhutup
  Hksafkt
- Hksafkt

- Fkrkpkh

25

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

@krapk`k4 sgeak>>Jmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  sgeak>>Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 hk`akWavkhJykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4  hk`akWavkhJykfgg.bgo

Ruldnc4 Bkrk onhmktksa okskikf glnsata `kh okhekkthyk

Rkiko fgrokt Hk`ak,

Rkyk safkt wkikeakt `a saha. Znpnracskkh kcfar tkfuh skyk lkru skfkdk
 lnrkcfar oahmmu inpks `kh buta kcfar tkfuh tnikf lnrouik . Rkyk kmkc
rasku `nhmkh cnk`kkh kwkc cnrkhk glnsata onrupkckh cnk`kkh
 pnrulktkh `a okhk inokc lk`kh lnrinlafkh ykhm tnrcu
tnrcuopui
opui snfahmmk
cn sktu tkfkp ykhm lginf onhdndksckh cnsafktkh.

Khtkrk bkrk onhkhmkha glnsata akikf pnhmkwkikh pnhmkolaikh

okckhkh. Kpklaik kwkc onhmkwki pnhmkolaikh okckhkh `kh
fkhyk okckh okckhkh ykhm lnrcfksakt, kwkc `kpkt onhmnikcckh
okckhkh ykhm tahmma ckh`uhmkh ckigra snpnrta okckhkh ykhm

 lnrinokc `kh lnrmuik. Rntnrushyk, lkhykcckh okckh skyur-skyurkh

skyur-sky urkh
`kh lukf-lukfkh cnrkhk ak onolkhtu onhmurkhmckh ck`kr
cnmnouckh.

Rntnrushyk, lkhykckh onikcuckh kctavata rak`kf. Bghtgf cnmaktk

cnmaktkh
h
rak`kf akikf lnrnhkhm, lnrlksacki `kh lnrokah lk`oahtgh. Kctavata
rak`kf `kpkt onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh kwkc. Fki aha `acktkckh

2=

 
 `noacakh cnrkhk kctavata suckh ononriuckh pnrmnrkckh lk`kh ykhm
kctae. Ak kckh onhmniukrckh pniuf `kra lk`kh kwkc ykhm
onhyahmcarckh tgcsah `kiko lk`kh, snckia mus onolkhtu kwkc
onhmurkhmckh ck`kr cnmnouckh.

Rnikah atu, skyk onykrkhckh kmkr kwkc onolukt pnonracskkh

cnsafktkh. Onikiua pnonracskkh tnrsnlut, kwkc lginf onh`kpktckh
hksafkt `gctgr onhmnhka stktus cnhbahm okhas, lkbkkh tnckhkh `krkf
tahmma, `kh lkbkkh `nmupkh dkhtuhm. Rnlniuo hksa onhdk`a lulur,
kwkc fkrusikf onikcuckh pnonracskkh cnsafktkh aha supkyk kwkc
`kpkt onhbnmkfhyk `kra snckrkhm.

Okskikf glnsata onokhm onh`ktkhmckh lkhykc cnluruckh snpnrta

tnr`n`kf cnpk`k pnhykcat crghac, okskikf psacgigma `kh
onolktksckh pnrmnrkckh eazacki `kh sgsaki. Kwkc pnriu snhtaksk
 lnreacarkh pgsatae `kh dkhmkh putus ksk. Rkyk lnrfkrkp bkrk-bkrk
tnrsnlut `kpkt onolkhtu kwkc uhtuc onhmktksa okskikf glnsata.

Rkfklktou,
Rgeak

26

 
 IKPAFKH

21

 
 IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR F^\KACKH ZNH@KZKP )

Iktafkh ;
Mkolkr rkdkf `a lkwkf lnrckatkh `nhmkh kiko sncatkr. Furkackh
 pnh`kpkt kh`k tnhtkhm pnouiafkrkkh
p nouiafkrkkh kiko sncatkr. Zkhdkhmhyk
Zkhdkhmhy k furkakh
fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

0:

 
 Iktafkh <
Okciuokt `a lkwkf lnrckatkh `nhmkh kokikh lnrsuckh. Furkackh
 pnh`kpkt kh`k tnhtkhm kokikh lnrsuckh. Zkhdkhmhyk furkakh
fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

0;

 
 IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR R^\KP )

Iktafkh ;
Mkolkr `kh okciuokt `a lkwkf onhuhducckh okskikf mkhmmukh
 lnckikh kar `a ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki kh`k. Rnlkmka sngrkhm wkcai
 pnh`u`uc, tuias snpubuc surkt cnpk`k pafkc lnrcuksk tnopktkh uhtuc
onhmk`uckh mkhmmukh lnckikh kar `a ckwkskh tnopkt ttahmmki
ahmmki kh`k `kh
bk`khmckh tah`kckh ykhm pnriu `akolai. Zkhdkhmhyk surkt kh`k
fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

0<

 
 Iktafkh <
Lkfkh mrkeac `a lkwkf onhuhducckh acikh dkwktkh cgsghm `kh tap-tap
onhdk`a pncnrdk ykhm bnonrikhm. Rnlkmka sngrkhm saswkzkf iuiuskh
 duruskh pnhmuruskh, kh`k lnroahkt uhtuc onogfgh dkwktkh ykhm

`aacikhckh `kiko ahstatusa cnwkhmkh lnrcnhkkh. Puias surkt atu `nhmkh

sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk surkt kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <::
 pktkf pnrcktkkh.

02

 
 IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR IKZG\KH )

Iktafkh ;
Lkfkh mrkeac `a lkwkf onhuhducckh pgstnr Znrtkh`ahmkh Lkfks Kik

Zkriaonh Znrahmckt @knrkf Rnrnolkh khdurkh Dklktkh Znh`a`ackh

 Hnmnra Rnikhmgr. Rncgikf kh`k, Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh
Rnrnolkh Dkyk <, tnikf `apaiaf snlkmka tukh ruokf pnrtkh`ahmkh
tnrsnlut. Kh`k onrupkckh sntakuskfk Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu ykhm
`atumksckh uhtuc onhyn`akckh ikpgrkh pnrtkh`ahmkh atu. Puias ikpgrkh
atu `nhmkh sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk surkt kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>:
fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

00

 
 Iktafkh <
Lkfkh mrkeac `a lkwkf onhuhducckh pgstnr Ckrhavki Cnrdkyk khdurkh
ROC Pkokh Rnk. Rnlkmka sntakuskfk Cnikl Cnrdkyk, kh`k `aoahtk
uhtuc onhuias ikpgrkh tnhtkhm ckrhavki tnrsnlut uhtuc `atnrlatckh

`kiko okdkikf sncgikf. Puias ikpgrkh atu `nhmkh sninhmckphyk.

Zkhdkhmhyk surkt kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf
 pnrcktkkh.

0>

 
 IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR \NR^ON )

Iktafkh ;
Acikh-acikh `a lkwkf onhuhducckh snlkfkmakh `krapk`k acikh cnrdk
cgsghm. Lnr`kskrckh acikh-acikh ykhm `alnrackh, sn`akckh rnsuon `ara
kh`k ykhm inhmckp lkma pnrogfghkh sktu pncnrdkkh ykhm kh`k oahkta.
Zkhdkhmhyk rnsuon kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf
 pnrcktkkh.

05

 
 Iktafkh <
Acikh-acikh `a lkwkf onhuhducckh snlkfkmakh `krapk`k acikh cnrdk
cgsghm. Lnr`kskrckh acikh-acikh ykhm `alnrackh, sn`akckh rnsuon `ara
kh`k ykhm inhmckp lkma pnrogfghkh sktu pncnrdkkh ykhm kh`k oahkta.

Zkhdkhmhyk rnsuon kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf

 pnrcktkkh.

0=

 
 IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR ONOLKIKR N-ONI )
****( fkhyk sktu n-oni `alnrackh )

Iktafkh ;

Lkbk n-oni `a lkwkf `nhmkh tniatahyk. Kh`k `acnfnh`kca onhdkwkl

n-oni `a lkwkf. Puias n-oni kh`k atu sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk n-oni
kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

@krapk`k4 sykeaqkfWktfarkfJmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  sykeaqkfWktfarkfJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 `krsfahaWsurnsf:5==Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  `krsfahaWsurnsf:5==Jmokai.bgo
Ruldnc4 Cnastaonwkkh pnrokahkh trk`asaghki

Rkiko fgrokt @krsfaha,

Kpk cfklkr7 Okke cnrkhk su`kf ikok skyk ta`kc onhmfkhtkr n-oni
cnpk`k kwkc. Rkyk lkru skfkdk onh`kpkt cnputuskh pnpnracskkh
 pnrbulkkh ZP2. Dudurhyk, skyk skhmkt cnbnwk `nhmkh cnputuskh
skyk. Lginfckf kwkc lnrcghmsa lnlnrkpk tap onhmnhka bkrk lnikdkr
ykhm lnrcnskh7 Kpkckf pnrkhbkhmkh `kh pnrsn`akkh ykhm pnriu skyk
ikcuckh uhtuc onhbkpka cnputuskh ykhm lkac `kiko pnpnracskkh
snlnhkr Zt2 hkhta7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,

Rykeaqkf Ktfarkf
06

 
 Iktafkh <
Lkbk n-oni `a lkwkf `nhmkh tniatahyk. Kh`k `acnfnh`kca onhdkwkl
n-oni `a lkwkf. Puias n-oni kh`k atu sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk n-oni
kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk <:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

@krapk`k4 sklrahkdkonsJykfgg.bgo
@krapk`k4  sklrahkdkonsJykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4 bfigndnhmonaJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  bfigndnhmonaJmokai.bgo
Ruldnc4 Fgla uhtuc onhmasa oksk ikpkhm `kh okhekkthyk

Rkiko fgrokt Bfign,

Kpk cfklkr7 Rkyk safkt `a saha. Rninska su`kf pnpnracskkh kcfar tkfuh
skyk oahmmu inpks `kh buta kcfar tkfuh tnikf lnrouik. Rkyk ahmah
onikcuckh kctavata ykhm lnrekn`kf snoksk buta kcfar tkfuh aha.
Lginfckf kwkc bk`khmckh lnlnrkpk fgla uhtuc skyk onhmasa oksk
ikpkhm `nhmkh lnrekn`kf snoksk ousao buta aha `kh okhekkt ykhm
kckh skyk rkaf `krapk`khyk7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Rklrahk

01

 
 IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR ONOLKIKR RKIKF RKP^ N-ONI )
****( @uk n-oni `alnrackh )

Iktafkh ;
Lkbk cn`uk-`uk n-oni `a lkwkf `nhmkh tniata. Kh`k `acnfnh`kca
onhdkwkl sktu `krapk`k n-oni `a lkwkf. Puias n-oni kh`k atu
sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk n-oni kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk
<:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.
n-oni ;

@krapk`k4 `khani:2;;Jmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  `khani:2;;Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 sfkzwkhWkeae00Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4  sfkzwkhWkeae00Jykfgg.bgo
Ruldnc4 Rnokhmkt pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk

Rkiko fgrokt Rfkzwkh,

Kpk cfklkr7 Rkyk `kh ckwkh-ckwkh skyk sn`khm onolukt cnrtks

cnrdk onhmnhka snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk `a
Okikysak. Kpkckf pnh`kpkt kwkc onhmnhka snokhmkt pktragtason

`kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk `a Okikysak7 Lginfckf kwkc bk`khmckh

 lnlnrkpk bkrk uhtuc onoupuc snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh
rnokdk `kh okhekkt-okhekkt ykhm `kpkt `arkaf `krapk`khyk7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
@khani

>:

 
 n-oni <

@krapk`k4 hkktaqkf;;<2Jykfgg.bgo
@krapk`k4  hkktaqkf;;<2Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4 onadkhn20Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  onadkhn20Jmokai.bgo

Ruldnc4 Rnokhmkt cndarkhkh `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt

Rkiko fgrokt Ona Dkhn,

Kpk cfklkr7 Rkyk `kh ckwkh-ckwkh skyk sn`khm onolukt cnrtks

cnrdk onhmnhka snokhmkt cndarkhkh `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt `a
Okikysak. Kpkckf pnh`kpkt kwkc onhmnhka snokhmkt cndarkhkh
`kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt `a Okikysak7 Lginfckf kwkc bk`khmckh

 lnlnrkpk bkrk uhtuc onhmucufckh snokhmkt cndarkhkh `kiko

ckikhmkh oksykrkckt Okikysak `kh okhekkt-okhekkt ykhm `kpkt
`arkaf `krapk`khyk7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
 Hkktaqkf

>;

 
 Iktafkh <
Lkbk cn`uk-`uk n-oni `a lkwkf `nhmkh tniata. Kh`k `acnfnh`kca
onhdkwkl sktu `krapk`k n-oni `a lkwkf. Puias n-oni kh`k atu
sninhmckphyk. Zkhdkhmhyk n-oni kh`k fnh`kcikf khtkrk ;>: fahmmk

<:: pktkf pnrcktkkh.

n-oni ;

@krapk`k4 hktfkh==Jykfgg.bgo
@krapk`k4  hktfkh==Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4 oabfniinJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  oabfniinJmokai.bgo
Ruldnc4 Znhmmuhkkh ahtnrhnt snbkrk lnrfnokf

Rkiko fgrokt Oabfniin,

Kpk cfklkr7 Rkyk ahmah lnrcghmsa snsuktu `nhmkh kwkc. Rkyk tnikf
onolkbk snlukf krtacni snokiko onhmnhka pnhmmuhkkh ahtnrhnt
snbkrk ladkc. Ahtnrhnt snonokhmhyk skhmkt pnhtahm `kiko cnfa`upkh
fkrakh hkouh skyk onh`kpkta rkoka ykhm onhmmuhkcckh ahtnrhnt
snbkrk ta`kc lnrfnokf, tnrutkokhyk `kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk.

Lginfckf kwkc bk`khmckh lnlnrkpk pnrkhkh alu lkpk `kiko

onh`a`ac rnokdk uhtuc onhmmuhkckh ahtnrhnt snbkrk lnrfnokf `kh
okhekkt-okhekkt ykhm `kpkt `arkaf `krapk`khyk7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
 Hktfkh

><

 
 n-oni <

@krapk`k4 keaqkf;;;;Jykfgg.bgo
@krapk`k4  keaqkf;;;;Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4 dkonsoktfnwJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  dkonsoktfnwJmokai.bgo

Ruldnc4 Znrsn`akkh \nokdk @kiko Onhmfk`kpa Bklkrkh Fa`up

Rkiko fgrokt Dkons,

Kpk cfklkr7 Okke cnrkhk su`kf ikok skyk ta`kc onhmfkhtkr n-oni
cnpk`k kwkc. Rkyk kmkc saluc snlniuo aha `nhmkh pnpnracskkh kcfar
tkfuh. Pudukh skyk onhmfkhtkr n-oni aha k`kikf uhtuc onoahtk
bk`khmkh kwkc. Rkyk kmkc cniaru tnhtkhm pnrsn`akkh rnokdk `kiko

onhmfk`kpa bklkrkh fa`up. Lginfckf kwkc bk`khmckh lnlnrkpk

 pnrckrk pnhtahm ykhm fkrus rnokdk sn`akckh uhtuc onhmfk`kpa
bklkrkh fa`up `kh okhekkt-okhekkt ykhm `kpkt `arkaf `krapk`khyk7

Rkyk onhkhtackh rnspghs `krapk`k kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Keaqkf

>2

 
 DK]KZKH
INHMCKZ

>0

 
 DK]KZKH - IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR F^\KACKH
ZNH@KZKP )

Iktafkh ;

\khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Znouiafkrkkh kiko sncatkr

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 ^ouo
Egrokt 4 Pak`k

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa kiko sncatkr
- Ciksaeacksa kiko sncatkr

Asa ; 4 Rnlkl-snlkl pnouiafkrkkh kiko sncatkr

- onh`kpktckh suolnr kar ykhm lnrsaf `kh ta`kc tnrbnokr

- ononiafkrk fklatkt eigrk `kh ekuhk

- onhdkoah cnsnaolkhmkh ncgsastno

Asa < 4 Bkrk-bkrk pnouiafkrkkh kiko sncatkr

- onhmkhdurckh cnopnh cnsn`krkh

- onhmmuhkckh suolnr tnhkmk ykhm lginf `apnrlkfkrua

 
- onhmkokickh catkr snouik
>>

 
 Asa 24 Bklkrkh `kiko pnouiafkrkkh kiko sncatkr

- Cgs pnhmuruskh

- Cninokfkh pnhmuktcukskkh uh`khm-uh`khm

- Cninokfkh sastno Znh`a`ackh hnmkrk

Cnsaopuikh

- kiko sncatkr - curhakkh Pufkh - oksykrkckt ykhm lnrtkhmmuhm

lnrtkhmmuhmdkwkl
dkwkl -
onhsyucura hacokt - lnrsackp snpnrta ( pnralkfksk ).

>5

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Kiko sncatkr onrupkckh snmkik  lnh`k fa`up `kh luckh fa`up ykhm
wudu` snbkrk snouik dk`a `a pnrouckkh  luoa, 
 luoa,  ktku snlkfkmakh
`krapk`khyk. Kiko sncatkr dumk lginf `apkhmmai eigrk `kh ekuhk. Kiko

sncatkr aha tnroksucikf ckwkskh-ckwkskh tuolufkh fadku, u`krk `kh

kar snpnrta suhmka `kh ikut.

Znouiafkrkkh kiko sncatkr pnhtahm lkma onh`kpktckh suolnr kar

ykhm lnrsaf `kh ta`kc tnrbnokr cnrkhk kar ykhm tnrbnokr kckh
onou`krktckh cnsafktkh okhusak. Rnikah atu, pnouiafkrkkh kiko
sncatkr `kpkt ononiafkrk fklatkt eigrk `kh ekuhk , tnrutkokhyk
`krapk`k cnmaktkh pnolkhmuhkh `kh pnolahkkh. Luckh atu skfkdk,
kiko sncatkr ykhm tnrpniafkrk onhdkoah cnsnaolkhmkh ncgsastno,
akatu ononiafkrk ncgsastno `krapk`k pnokhkskh miglki, cnhkackh pkrks
kar ikut `kh pnhbnokrkh.

Ginf fki ykhm `noacakh, pnhmkhdurkh cnopnh cnsn`krkh  pnriuikf

`alnra cnutkokkh kmkr kiko sncatkr tnrpniafkrk. Rntnrushyk,
pnhmmuhkkh suolnr tnhkmk ykhm lginf `apnrlkfkrua snpnrta
suolnr sgikr snlkmka tnhkmk ninctrac onrupkckh skikf sktu bkrk
onouiafkrk kiko sncatkr. @noa onhynikoktckh kiko sncatkr `krapk`k
tnrus `abnokra, kokikh catkr snouik `kpkt `aikcskhkckh.

>=

 
 Znouiafkrkkh kiko sncatkr onh`npkha pnilkmka bklkrkh `kh `umkkh.
Khtkrkhyk akikf cgs pnhmuruskh ykhm tahmma `apnriuckh uhtuc tudukh
 pnolukhmkh sask `
`gonstac
gonstac snbkrk tnrurus,
tnruru s, pnhmmuhkkh
p nhmmuhkkh suolnr tnhkmk
sgikr, pnhmkwkskh, `kh snlkmkahyk. Cncurkhmkh pnmkwka

pnhmuktcuksk ykhm onhbucupa `kh cnsuskfkh `kiko

onhyn`akckh ikpgrkh ykhm inhmckp snlniuo snsuktu tah`kckh
`kpkt `akolai k`kikf cninokfkh `kiko pnhmuktcukskkh uh`khm-
uh`khm kiko sncatkr. Cninokfkh sastno pnh`a`ackh  puik k`kikf `kra
snma pnhmklkakh pnh`a`ackh kiko sncatkr `kra pnrahmckt kwki.

Cnsaopuikhhyk, kiko sncatkr onrupkckh curhakkh Pufkh ykhm ta`kc

tnrhaika. Rnlkmka oksykrkckt ykhm lnrtkhmmuhmdkwkl, catk snfkrushyk
onhsyucura hacokt pnolnrakh Pufkh ykhm kokt lnrfkrmk aha snrtk
onouiafkrk kiko sncatkr, `kh luckhhyk lnrsackp snpnrta nhku `a `kiko
 lniuckr, oninpksckh pubuc oksahm-oksahm.
oksahm -oksahm.

>6

 
 Iktafkh <

\khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Kokikh lnrsuckh

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 ^ouo

Egrokt 4 Pak`k

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa suckh
- Ciksaeacksa suckh

Asa ; 4 Cnpnhtahmkh kokikh lnrsuckh

- onolkhtu onhmnckickh cnsafktkh eazacki `kh onhtki
- onhmasa oksk ikpkhm `nhmkh bkrk ykhm lnrekn`kf
- fuluhmkh pnrpk`ukh `kpkt `anrktckh

Asa < 4 Ikhmckf onhmmkikckh kokikh lnrsuckh

  pafkc cnrkdkkh pnriu cnrkp onhmkhdurckh
- pafkc onhmkhdur ckh prgm
prgmrko
rko suckh uhtuc
`asnrtka grkhm rkoka.
- alu lkpk pnriu onhyn`akckh pnrkiktkh suckh ykhm inhmckp uhtuc
khkc-khkc
- Zafkc on`ak okssk wkdkr onhmukr-ukrckh cnlkackh kokikh lnrsuckh
snbkrk lnrckik cnpk`k oksykrkckt onikiua acikh-acikh.

>1

 
 Asa 24 Okskikf ykhm `afk`kpa ginf oksykrkckt `kiko onoprkctacckh
kokikh lnrsnhko
- cnsaluckh oksykrkckt `nhmkh kctavata fkrakh onrnck
- oksykrkckt okiu lnrsnhko tnrutkokhyk onrnck-onrnck ykhm

 lnrlk`kh mnouc
- Cncurkhmkh aherkstructur  

Cnsaopuikh
- `amkikcckh - kctavata suckh - lnrupkyk - oksykrkckt -lnrsktu pk`u
  lnr`kyk skahm
- lnr`kyk

5:

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4
Ruckh tnr`ara `krapk`k kctavata eazacki ykhm `aikcuckh uhtuc pnilkmka
tudukh uhtuc pnrtkh`ahmkh, cnsnrghgckh, pnolkhmuhkh, cnokfarkh,
cnbnonrikhmkh, `kh snlkmkahyk. Ruckh `kpkt `aciksaeacksackh cnpk`k

nopkt dnhas3 akatu suckh iuolk, suckh ikwkh snpnrta suckh lnrpksuckh
`kh suckh mnikhmmkhm, suckh pnhbkpkakh `kh suckh mkluhmkh snouk
akatu gikfrkmk.

Kokikh lnrsuckh pnhtahm cnrkhk ak onolkhtu onhmnckickh

cnsafktkh eazacki `kh onhtki ykhm onolkhtu onikfarckh oksykrkckt
ykhm safkt. Rntnrushyk, kokikh lnrsuckh `kpkt onhmasa oksk ikpkhm

`nhmkh bkrk ykhm lnrekn`kf . Fki aha `kpkt onhmfah`krckh `ara

`krapk`k tnrdnlkc `kiko pnrckrk-pnrckrk hnmktae. Fuluhmkh
pnrpk`ukh dumk `kpkt `anrktckh cnrkhk saekt lnrsktu pk`u `kpkt
`apupuc.

Lkma onhmmkikckh kokikh lnrsuckh `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt,

pafkc cnrkdkkh pnriu cnrkp onhmkhdurckh prgmrko suckh uhtuc
`asnrtka grkhm rkoka. Rntnrushyk, alu lkpk pnriu onhyn`akckh
pnrkiktkh suckh ykhm inhmckp uhtuc khkc-khkc  lkma onh`grghm
oahkt khkc-khkc uhtuc onoprkctacckh kokikh lnrsuckh sndkc cnbai
ikma lkc cktk pnpktkf ’oninhtur luiuf lakrikf `kra rnluhmhyk‟. Zafkc
on`ak okssk puik wkdkr onhmukr-ukrckh cnlkackh kokikh
lnrsuckh snbkrk lnrckik cnpk`k oksykrkckt onikiua acikh-acikh.

5;

 
 Cnsaluckh oksykrkckt `nhmkh kctavata fkrakh onrnck
onrupkckh skikf sktu okskikf utkok oksykrkckt curkhm lnrsnhko.
Oksykrkckt mkmki onolkfkmackh oksk khtkrk cnrdk `kh kctavata suckh.
Rntnrushyk, k`k snmniahtar oksykrkckt ykhm okiu lnrsnhko

tnrutkokhyk onrnck-onrnck ykhm lnrlk`kh mnouc cnrkhk onrnck

tkcut kckh `apkh`khm rnh`kf ginf grkhm ikah. Cncurkhmkh
aherkstructur suckh  dumk onrupkckh skikf sktu okskikf ykhm
`afk`kpa ginf oksykrkckt.

Rnouk ikpaskh oksykrkckt kokt `amkikcckh onhynrtka snouk dnhas

kctavata suckh cnrkhk kokikh lnrsuckh tnhtuhyk lnrupkyk onikfarckh

oksykrkckt ykhm safkt, lnrsktu pk`u, lnr`kyk okdu `kh lnr`kyk skahm.

5<

 
 DK]KZKH - IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR R^\KP )

Iktafkh ;

\khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Mkhmmukh lnckikh kar

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 a) Okskikf
aa) Bk`khmkh/ ikhmckf
Egrokt 4 Rurkt Caraokh \ksoa

Znh`kfuiukh

- Onopnrcnhkickh `ara
- Onhyktkckh tudukh onhuias surkt

Asa ; ( Cnk`kkh ckwkskh tnopkt tahmmki )

- onhmkhmmu kctavata onokskc
- onhmkhmmu cnmaktkh onolnrsaf `kh onolksuf
- onhyuiatckh uruskh ruokf tkhmmk

Asa < ( Cnskh mkhmmukh lnckikh kar )

- onokcsk cnlkhykckh pnh`u`uc `a ckwkskh aha uhtuc okckh `a iukr
- onhmkcalktckh pnolkzarkh `uat
- tnrpkcsk onhmniukrckh cgs ykhm tahmma.

52

 
 Asa 2 ( bk`khmkh tah`kckh ykhm fkrus `akolai )
- cnrkp ononracsk `kh onhmmkhtackh
onhm mkhtackh kikt pnhmnpkokh `a igda rkwktkh
kar
- onhuckrckh pkap lnrckrkt `nhmkh pkap lkru `kra oksk cn oksk

- onhmfkhtkr lnckikh kar ykhm onhbucupa uhtuc `amuhkckh ginf

 laikhmkh pnh`u`uc ykhm lnskr
- Cntalkkh igra-igra pnhmkhmcutkh kar dumk pnriuikf onhnpkta dk`uki

Znhutup
- fkrkpkh
  pnhmfkrmkkh
- pnhmfkrmkkh

50

 
 Ckrkhmkh pnhuf4
 Hg 2=,
Dkikh Lnskr Ckopuhm Lkru,
Pkokh Oniur,

02>:: Rnonhyaf,
Rnikhmgr @krui Nfskh.

Znhmkrkf,
Dklktkh Lnckikh Kar Rnikhmgr,
02::: Ckdkhm,
Rnikhmgr @krui Nfskh. <6 DKH^K\A <:;1

Pukh/Zukh,

Okskikf Mkhmmukh Lnckikh Kar `kh Bk`khmkh Pah`kckh ykhm Znriu

@akolai
Rnlkmka sngrkhm wkcai pnh`u`uc Pkokh Oniur, tudukh skyk onhuias
surkt aha k`kikf uhtuc onhmk`uckh okskikf mkhmmukh lnckikh kar ykhm

onhaoluickh lkhykc cnsuiatkh `kiko cnmaktkh snfkrakh pkrk pnh`u`uc

`a ckwkskh aha. Rkyk dumk ahmah onhmntnhmkfckh lnlnrkpk bk`khmkh
tah`kckh ykhm pnriu `akolai `noa cnpnhtahmkh pkrk pnh`u`uc ckwkskh
aha.

<.  ^htuc okciuokh tukh/pukh, ckoa tnikf onhmfk`kpa okskikf

mkhmmukh lnckikh kar aha sndkc oahmmu ikiu. Ckoa ta`kc `alnrackh

snlkrkhm hgtas tnhtkhm mkhmmukh lnckikh

l nckikh kar aha. Mkhmmukh lnckikh kar
5>

 
 snbkrk ta`kc lnrdk`uki aha su`kf tnhtu onhyuckrckh pnh`u`uc snfahmmk
snfahmm k
onhmkhmmu kctavata fkrakh pnh`u`uc. Khtkrkhyk tnroksucikf
tnroksucikf kctavata
onokskc, onolnrsaf `kh onolksuf snrtk uruskh ruokf tkhmmk.

2. Mkhmmukh lnckikh kar ykhm ta`kc lnrdk`uki onokcsk cnlkhykckh

pnh`u`uc `a ckwkskh aha uhtuc okckh `a iukr cnrkhk kctavata
onokskc `a ruokf tnrmkhmmu. Fki aha turut onhmkcalktckh
pnolkzarkh `uat cnrkhk pnh`u`uc tnrpkcsk onhmniukrckh cgs ykhm
tahmma.

0.  Ckoa lnrfkrkp pafkc tukh/pukh `kpkt onhmkolai tah`kckh snmnrk

`noa cnsninskkh `kh cnpnhtahmkh pnh`u`uc ckwkskh aha. Khtkrk

tah`kckh ykhm ckoa bk`khmckh akikf cnrkp ononracsk `kh
onhmmkhtackh kikt pnhmnpkokh `a igda rkwktkh kar . Zafkc tukh/pukh
 dumk pnriu onhuckrckh pkap lnrckrkt `nhmkh pkap lkru `kra oksk cn
oksk. Rnikah atu, ckoa lnrfkrkp pafkc tukh/pukh `kpkt onhmfkhtkr
lnckikh kar ykhm onhbucupa uhtuc `amuhkckh ginf laikhmkh
pnh`u`uc ykhm lnskr `a ckwkskh aha . Cntalkkh igra-igra
pnhmkhmcutkh kar dumk pnriuikf onhnpkta dk`uki . Rnlkmka
 pnrlk`khkh ykhm `apnrtkhmmuhmdkwklckh uhtuc onhmurusckh
onhmurus ckh lnckikh
kar `a hnmkrk aha, ckoa skhmkt lnrfkrkp outu pnrcfa`oktkh pafkc
tukh/pukh `kpkt `apnrtahmcktckh.

55

 
 Kcfar cktk, skyk lnrfkrkp kmkr pafkc tukh/pukh onhmkolai tah`kckh
snmnrk supkyk okskikf cntak`kkh kar `a ckwkskh ckoa `kpkt
`asninskackh snbnpkt ykhm ouhmcah. Cnrdkskok tukh/pukh kokt skyk
fkrmka.

Rncakh, tnraok cksaf.

 Inn Bfnhm Fkhm

(INN BFNHM FKHM)
]kcai Znh`u`uc,
Pkokh Oniur, Rnonhyaf.

Iktafkh <

\khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Znrogfghkh dkwktkh

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Bara-bara kh`k snlkmka pncnrdk bnonrikhm
Egrokt 4 Rurkt Caraokh \ksoa

Znh`kfuiukh
- Onopnrcnhkickh `ara
- Onhyktkckh tudukh onhuias surkt

5=

 
 Asa ; ( Cntnrkhmkh tnhtkhm kh`k )
- Cnikykckh
- Znhmkikokh

Asa < ( Bara-bara kh`k snlkmka pncnrdk ykhm bnonrikhm )

  ladkc onhmmuhkckh oksk `kh suolnr-suolnr
- ladkc
- onokstackh pnhkopaikh `ara, cnikcukh `kh tutur cktk snhtaksk tnrdkmk
- tncuh `kh mamaf `kiko onikcuckh cnrdk
  lnruskfk lnrsuhmmuf-suhmmuf
- lnruskfk lnrsuhmmuf -suhmmuf `kiko onikcskhkckh cnrdk ykh
ykhmm
`atumksckh.

Asa 2
- Onhynrtkckh rnsuon
  Hgolgr tninegh
- Hgolgr
- N-oni

Znhutup
- fkrkpkh
  pnhmfkrmkkh
- pnhmfkrmkkh

56

 
 Ckrkhmkh pnhuf4
 Hg 2;,
Dkikh Laru,
Pkokh Znikhma,

6:0:: Dgfgr Lkfru,

Dgfgr @krui Pkczao.

Znhmurus
Kngh Brn`at Rnrvabn ( O ) Lnrfk`.
Dkikh ]ghm Kf Eggc,
Eggc,  
6:::: Dgfgr Lkfru,
Lkfru,  

Dgfgr @krui Pkczao. <: KZ\AI <:<:

Pukh/Zukh,

Onogfgh Dkwktkh snlkmka Znmkwka Znhmuruskh Crn`at

Onruduc pnrckrk `a ktks, skyk, Rfkraekf Ktfarkf Lahta Ogfkon`
Tufka`a ( Hg. C.Z4 10:2<;-:6->>2: ) `nhmkh suckbatkhyk ahmah
onhmnouckckh pnrogfghkh dkwktkh snlkmka Znmkwka Znhmuruskh

Crn`at `a grmkhasksa tukh/pukh.

<. ^htuc okciuokh pafkc tukh/pukh, skyk onrupkckh lncks pnhmurus

 pnhmuruskh crn`at `a \FL Okikysak, Dgfgr Lkfru. Rkyk tnikf
onhmmkiks dkwktkh pnhmurus pnhmuruskh crn`at `a skhk snikok 6 tkfuh.
Rkyk dumk onopuhyka pnhmkikokh `kh pnhmntkfukh ykhm iuks `kiko
 la`khm pnhmuruskh crn`at. @nhmkh cnikykckh skyk aha, skyk ykcah

 lkfkwk skyk `kpkt ononhufa sykrkt-sykrkt

sykrkt-sy krkt dkwktkh ykhm `aacikhckh.
51

 
 2. Rnlkmka pncnrdk ykhm bnonrikhm, skyk luckh skfkdk okfar `kh pkckr
`kiko la`khm cnrdkyk tntkpa dumk onoaiaca cnikcukh `kh tahmckf ikcu
ykhm ouiak. Rkyk onhmkokickh sackp ladkc onhmmuhkckh oksk `kh
suolnr-suolnr uhtuc onopnrtahmcktckh prnstksa cnrdk skyk. Rnikah
atu, skyk onokstackh pnhkopaikh `ara, cnikcukh `kh tutur cktk
snhtaksk tnrdkmk cnrkhk ak onhbnroahckh cnnigckh pnralk`a. Rnlkmka
sngrkhm pncnrdk ykhm cgoatn` tnrfk`kp cnrdkyk, skyk tncuh `kh mamaf
`kiko onikcuckh cnrdk snrtk snhtaksk lnruskfk lnrsuhmmuf-
suhmmuf `kiko onikcskhkckh cnrdk ykhm `atumksckh .

0.  Rkyk tnikf onhynrtkckh rnsuon snrtk ikoparkh sadai-sadai ykhm

`askfckh uhtuc ruduckh pafkc tukh/pukh. Zafkc tukh/pukh lginf
onhmfuluhma skyk `a tkiakh :;=-<255;0: ktku kikokt n-oni
sfkraekfktfarkfW:6;=Jmokai.bgo uhtuc susuikh pnrogfghkh aha.

Rkyk onhyaopkh fksrkt `kh skhmkt lnroahkt uhtuc lncnrdk `nhmkh

grmkhasksa tukh/pukh ykhm onopuhyka rnputksa ykhm bnonrikhm.
Rnogmk pafkc tukh/pukh `kpkt onopnrtaolkhmckh fksrkt `kh

 pnrogfghkh skyk aha `kh onolnrackh pniukhm cnpk`k skyk uhtuc

onhyuolkhm cnpk`k pnrcnolkhmkh `kh cndkykkh grmkhasksa aha.
Cnrdkskok pafkc tukh/pukh kokt skyk fkrmka.

Rncakh, tnraok cksaf.

Rfkraekf Ktfarkf

( RFK\AEKF KPFA\KF LAHPA OGFKON@ T^FKA@A )

=:

 
 DK]KZKH - IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR IKZG\KH )

Iktafkh ;

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Znrtkh`ahmkh Lkfks Kik Zkriaonh Znrahmckt @knrkf Rnrnolkh
khdurkh Dklktkh Znh`a`ackh Hnmnra Rnikhmgr.
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 ^ouo
Egrokt 4 Ikpgrkh

Znh`kfuiukh
- Pkracf, fkra `kh tnopkt pnrtkh`ahmkh
- Rakpk pnhmkhdur pnrtkh`ahmkh
- Rakpk ykhm onhmnh`kiackh pnrtkh`ahmkh

Asa ;
- Rnhkrka sncgikf-sncgikf ykhm tnrialkt `kiko pnrtkh`ahmkh
- Pudukh pnrtkh`ahmkh

Asa <
- Cntnrkhmkh pnrahmckt skrahmkh
- Cntnrkhmkh pnrahmckt snpkruf kcfar

=;

 
 Asa 2
- Cntnrkhmkh pnrahmckt kcfar

Znhutup
 
- Cntnrkhmkh okdias pnhutupkh `kh pnhykopkakh fk`akf
- Znhmfkrmkkh

=<

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Ikpgrkh Znrtkh`ahmkh Lkfks Kik Zkriaonh Znrahmckt @knrkf

Rnrnolkh khdurkh Dklktkh Znh`a`ackh Hnmnra Rnikhmgr.

Znrtkh`ahmkh lkfks kik pkriaonh pnrahmckt @knrkf Rnrnolkh tnikf

`ak`kckh pk`k <= Duh <:;6 lnrskokkh fkra \klu `a Rncgikf
Cnlkhmskkh Rnrnolkh <K. Znrtkh`ahmkh tnrsnlut `akhdurckh ginf
Dklktkh Znh`a`ackh Hnmnra Rnikhmgr. Rnikcu tukh ruokf pnrtkh`ahmkh
 lkfksk tnrsnlut, pnrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu tnikf `a kokhkfckh uhtuc
onhmnh`kiackh pnrtkh`ahmkh aha snpkhdkhm `uk fkra pnrtkh`ahmkh.

Nhbac Ogf` Azwkh snikcu muru pnhksafkt Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu

tnikf onolkfkmackh kfia pnrsktukh cnpk`k nopkt cuopuikh uhtuc
onikcskhkckh tumks ykhm snwkdkrhyk.

Khtkrk pksuckh lkfks ykhm tnrialkt `kiko pnrtkh`ahmkh tnrsnlut akikf

 pksuckh lkfks ykhm onwkcaia
onwkcaia Rncgikf Onhnh
Onhnhmkf
mkf Kmkok @ktg‑ Cikhk
Cikhk
Zntrk Okkogr, Rncgikf Onhnhmkf @ktuc Kl`ui \kzkc, Rncgikf
Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh ( ENI@K ) Rnra Rnh`kykh, Rncgikf Onhnhmkf
Cnlkhmskkh Kmkok Rfnacf Fd Ogf` Rka`, Rncgikf Onhnhmkf
Cnlkhmskkh Lkh`kr Lkru Rra Rnh`kykh, Rncgikf Onhnhmkf
Cnlkhmskkh Lucat Cnpkykhm , Rncgikf Cnlkhmskkh Bfkh ]k `kh
Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh @ktg‑ Fkda Ogf` \n`zk. Pudukh
 pnrtkh`ahmkh aha `adkikhckh k`ki
k`kikf
kf uhtuc onhbuhmcai lkckt pkrk pnikdkr
`kiko krnhk pnr`nlktkh.

=2

 
 Znrtkh`ahmkh lnrouik tnpkt pk`k pucui ;:.;> pkma. Zk`k pnrahmckt
skrahmkh, snouk sncgikf kckh onolkfksckh usui ’Kctavata onhghtgh
 patk va`ng onh`ktkhmckh lkhykc cnskh hnmktae cnpk`k cnfa`upkh catk‟.

Cnputuskh pnrtkh`ahmkh lkfks pnrahmckt skrahmkh atu `auouockh pk`k

; pntkhm. Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Lucat Cnpkykhm `kh Rncgikf
Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh @ktg‑ Fkda Ogf` \n`zk ta`kc lnrdkyk uhtuc cn
 pnrahmckt snpkruf kcfar. ^sui ykhm `apnr`nlktckh pk`k pnrahmckt
snpkruf kcfar akikf ’Onhmaopgrt Znikdkr Inlaf Lkac @krapk`k
Onhmncspgrt Znikdkr‟. Rninpks inlaf curkhm snolaikh puiuf oahat
 pnrtkh`ahmkh lnrikhmsuhm, cnputuskhhyk tnikf `auouockh. Fkhyk `uk

 lukf sncgikf `apaiaf uhtuc cn pnrahmckt kcfar.

Zk`k pnrahmckt kcfar, Rncgikf Onhnhmkf @ktuc Kl`ui \kzkc `kh

Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Lkh`kr Lkru Rra Rnh`kykh tnikf
onolkfksckh usui ’Ahtnrkcsa khtkrk Znikdkr `kh Muru Znhtahm `kiko
^skfk Onolahk Rkfsakf Znikdkr‟. Cn`uk-`uk sncgikf onolnhtkhmckh
usui onrnck `nhmkh lkac snckia. Znrtkh`ahmkh tkokt pk`k pucui 2
 pntkhm `nhmkh cnonhkhmkh lnrpafkc cnpk`k Rncgikf Onhnhmkf @ktuc
Kl`ui \kzkc.

Okdias pnhutupkh `kh pnhykopkakh fk`akf tnikf `ak`kckh snfahmmk

 pucui 0 pntkhm. Rnonokhmhyk, tumks uhtuc onhmnh`kiackh
 pnrtkh`ahmkh lkfks Kik Zkriaonh Znrahmckt @knrkf Rnrnolkh
onrupkckh suktu bklkrkh lkru cnpk`k kfia pnrsktukh ckoa. Kcfar cktk,

=0

 
 kfia Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu onhmubkpckh dutkkh tnraok cksaf
cnpk`k snouk pafkc ykhm tnrialkt `kiko uskfk onolkhtu ckoa snbkrk
ikhmsuhm okfupuh snbkrk ta`kc ikhmsuhm.

Ikpgrkh `asn`akckh ginf, <1 D^H <:;6

Kiakf Ekrfkhk

( KIAKF EK\FKHK LAHPA RFKT]KH FKRRKH )

Rntakuskfk,
Znrsktukh Lkfksk Onikyu,
Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Rnrnolkh Dkyk <.

=>

 
 Iktafkh <

\khmck ckrkhmkh4

Asu 4 Ckrhavki Cnrdkyk Khdurkh Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Pkokh

Rnk
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 ^ouo
Egrokt 4 Ikpgrkh

Znh`kfuiukh
- Pkracf, fkra `kh tnopkt ckrhavki lnrikhmsuhm
- Rakpk ykhm tnrialkt `kiko ckrhavki

Asa ;
- Pudukh ckrhavki
- Pkdkkh ckrhavki

Asa <
- Cntnrkhmkh ckrhavki

Asa 2
- Cntnrkhmkh tnhtkhm pkonrkh ikah ykhm `ak`kckh

Znhutup
- Fkrkpkh
- Bk`khmkh

=5

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Ikpgrkh Ckrhavki Cnrdkyk Khdurkh Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh

Pkokh Rnk

Cnikl Cnrdkyk Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Pkokh Rnk tnikf

onhmk`kckh Ckrhavki Cnrdkyk pk`k <5 Kprai <:;6 ykhm ikiu,
 lnrskokkh `nhmkh fkra Cfkoas. Ckrhavki tnrsnlut tnikf `ak`kckh `a
@nwkh Lnrdkyk, Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Pkokh Rnk. Rnrkoka
;:: grkhm oura` `kh <: grkhm muru pnhmarahm `kra sncgikf ikah tnrialkt
`kiko ckrhavki tnrsnlut.

Pudukh ckrhavki aha `ak`kckh k`kikf uhtuc onolnra pnh`n`kfkh kwki

cnpk`k pkrk pnikdkr tnhtkhm pniukhm-pniukhm cnrdkyk ykhm snsuka
sninpks tkokt kiko pnrsncgikfkh `kh uhtuc onolnra ogtavksa cnpk`k
 pkrk pnikdkr supkyk `kpkt lnrskahm `kiko krus pnolkhmuhkh hnmkrk.
Zkonrkh aha tnikf onh`kpkt tkdkkh `krapk`k lnlnrkpk sykrackt
 pnhnrlatkh lucu `kh pafkc
paf kc cgind-cgind.

Znh`ketkrkh ckrhavki lnrouik pk`k pucui 6.2: pkma. Rnouk

 pnhmuhduhm ckrhavki tnikf `alnrackh lucu bktktkh `kh snlktkhm pnh `a
ckuhtnr pnh`ketkrkh. Znhmntuk tnikf onolnra tkciaokt rahmcks cnpk`k
 pkrk pnhmuhduhm.
p nhmuhduhm. Rnlkac skfkdk tkciaokt sninska, pkrk
p krk pnikdkr lnrskok
lnrs kok
muru pnhmarahm tnikf cn rukhm pkonrkh ykhm lnrikhmsuhm `a `nwkh
Lnrdkyk. @a tkpkc pkonrkh aha, pkrk pnikdkr tnikf `alnra laolahmkh
tnhtkhm la`khm-la`khm ykhm `atkwkrckh `a Ahstatut Znhmkdakh Pahmma

==

 
 Kwko (AZPK) `kh Ahstatut Znhmkdakh Pahmma Rwkstk (AZPR) sninpks
tkokt Pahmcktkh > `kh cgs pnhmkdakh. . Ckuhsnigr ykhm lnrtumks dumk
tnikf onhmk`kckh snsa ’ghn-tg-ghn‟ lnrskok pnikdkr -pnikdkr.
-pnikdkr.

Rnikah atu, pkonrkh Khmcktkh Pnhtnrk @arkdk Okikysak dumk tnikf

`ak`kckh uhtuc onolnra pnh`n`kfkh tnhtkhm tumks snlnhkr khmmgtk
tnhtnrk ykhm luckh skfkdk lnrtumks onopnrtkfkhckh hnmkrk `a u`krk,
`krkt `kh ikut okikf oniaputa lnrlkmka-lkmka kspnc. @a skopahm atu,
 pkonrkh okskckh tnikf `ak`kckh
` ak`kckh uhtuc onhkrac oahkt pnikdkr-pnikdkr
uhtuc onhbnlura la`khm cuiahkra sninpks tkokt Pahmcktkh >.

Pnpkt dko ; pntkhm, ckrhavki `atkoktckh `nhmkh kbkrk pnhutupkh.

Muru pnhmarahm tnikf onhmuopuickh pkrk pnikdkr uhtuc lnrtgikc cn
sncgikf oksahm-oksahm. Rnlkmka pafkc pnhmkhdur, ckoa lnrfkrkp
 lkfkwk ckrhavki cnrdkyk tnrsnlut tnikf onhkhko kzko `kiko `ara
 pnikdkr-pnikdkr uhtuc lnikdkr lnrsuhmmuf-suhmmuf
lnrsuhmmuf -suhmmuf supkyk `kpkt
onhmndkr batk-batk. Ckoa dumk onhbk`khmckh supkyk pnikdkr-pnikdkr
kckh onikwkt ikma ckrhavki aha lnrskok-skok cniukrmk pk`k fuduhm
oahmmu.

Ikpgrkh `asn`akckh ginf, 2: KZ\AI <:;6

Bfnhm Enhm Onhm

( BFNHM ENHM ONHM )

Rntakuskfk,
Cnikl Cnrdkyk,

Rncgikf Onhnhmkf Cnlkhmskkh Pkokh Rnk.

=6

 
 DK]KZKH - IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR \NR^ON )

Iktafkh ;

\khmck Ckrkhmkh4

Zaiafkh dkwktkh ykhm `aoahkta4

  Lag`ktk @ara
•

-   Hkok4
-  ^our4
-  Pnopkt ikfar4
-  Dkhtahk4
 
- ]krmkhnmkrk4
-  Lkhmsk4
-  Rtktus4
-  Kikokt

  Iktkr Lnikckhm Kck`noac

•

•
  Znhmkikokh Cnrdk

  Cnokfarkh @ara
•

  Zgtnhsa @ara
•

  \uduckh
•

=1

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Dkwktkh ykhm `aoahkta akikf Cnrkha `a \FL Lkhcahm Mrgup

Lag`ktk @ara Cnokfarkh Lnrcgouhacksa

 Hkok4 Onnrk k/p Crasfhkh Znogfgh onopuhyka cnokfarkh
^our4 2: tkfuh  lnrcgouhacksa lnrtuias `kh iaskh
Pnopkt ikfar4 Fgspatki Ektaokf, Apgf, ykhm cukt `kh lginf
Znrkc onhykopkackh okciuokt
Dkhtahk4 Znrnopukh `nhmkh bkrk ykhm ou`kf
]krmkhnmkrk4Okikysak `aekfkoa.
Lkhmsk4 Ah`ak

Rtktus4 Lnrckfwah Cnokfarkh cgoputnr

Kikokt4 Hg 0<, Dkikh Puh Znrkc, Znogfgh okfar onikcuckh nhtra
2:<:: Apgf, `ktk `a Nxbni `kh pnrasakh nhtra
Znrkc @krui \a`zukh. `ktk ikah. Znogfgh dumk bnckp
onhmmuhkckh kpiacksa Oabrgsget
Iktkr Lnikckhm Kck`noac Geeabn ykhm ikah, snpnrta
Znogfgh onoaica Radai Znikdkrkh Oabrgsget ]gr` `kh Oabrgsget

Okikysak `nhmkh pudkkh `kiko oktk ZgwnrZgaht.

 pnikdkrkh Lkfksk Onikyu, Lkfksk
Ahmmnras, Oktnoktac, `kh Zrahsap Zgtnhsa @ara
Znrkckuhkh. Znogfgh onoaiaca •  Znogfgh sngrkhm lnrahtnmrata
@apigok Znhmkdakh Znrlkhckh. `kh dudur `kiko onikcuckh
tumks ykhm `akokhkfckh.

6:

 
 Znhmkikokh cnrdk •  Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm
Znogfgh onrupkckh lncks cnrkha `a  pnrkokf `kh onsrk lncnrdk
Zntrgh Okikysak Lnrfk` snikok 2 `nhmkh rkckh pndklkt ykhm
tkfuh. Znogfgh dumk pnrhkf lncnrdk ikah.
•
snlkmka cnrkha `a Dklktkh Znhmuruskh   Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm
\asacg Cnwkhmkh `a Rnikhmgr snikok < snhtaksk onhdkmk pnhkopaikh
tkfuh. aond `ara `noa onhdkmk hkok
 lkac sykrackt.
•  Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm bncki
onhbkra sgiusa uhtuc
onhyninskackh kpk skfkdk

okskikf ykhm lnrckatkh

`nhmkh pnhmuruskh sykrackt.

\uduckh
Dack ononriuckh okciuokt
ikhdut tnhtkhm `ara pnogfgh
( skyk ), saik fuluhma4

•  Nhbac Kcoki Fkara, Znhmurus

Znrkckuhkh Zntrgh Okikysak
Lnrfk`
•  Zukh Inn Ona Qnhm, Znmkwka
Dklktkh Znhmuruskh \asacg
Cnwkhmkh, Rnikhmgr.

6;

 
 Iktafkh <

\khmck Ckrkhmkh4

Zaiafkh dkwktkh ykhm `aoahkta4

  Lag`ktk @ara
•

-   Hkok4
-  ^our4
-  Pnopkt ikfar4
-  Dkhtahk4
-  ]krmkhnmkrk4
-  Lkhmsk4
 
- Rtktus4
-  Kikokt

  Iktkr Lnikckhm Kck`noac

•

  Znhmkikokh Cnrdk
•

  Cnokfarkh @ara

  Zgtnhsa @ara
•

  \uduckh
•

6<

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

Dkwktkh ykhm `aoahkta akikf Znhmurus `a @uhcah @ghuts

Lag`ktk @ara Cnokfarkh cghsnp

 Hkok4 Dgsakf Hm Znogfgh onopuhyka cnlginfkh
^our4 <0 tkfuh `kh cnupkykkh uhtuc onoacarckh
Pnopkt ikfar4 Fgspatki Pnhmcu ckn`kf `kh onhynikrksckh snrtk
Kopukh \kfaokf, onhmmkluhmckh cnmaktkh uhat
Cikhm, Rnikhmgr. ykhm lnrlnzk.
Dkhtahk4 Inikca
]krmkhnmkrk4Okikysak Cnokfarkh tnchacki

Lkhmsk4 Bahk Znogfgh okfar onhmmuhkckh

Rtktus4 Ludkhm kikt pnrkiktkh, pnrkturkh, prgsn`ur
Kikokt4 Hg 21, Dkikh Lkfkmak, `kh tnchac `kiko cnrdk.
Pkokh Bfa Iauhm,
0<::: Zniklufkh Cikhm, Cnokfarkh Lnrcgouhacksa
Rnikhmgr @krui Nfskh. Znogfgh lginf  lnrcgou
 lnrcgouhacksa
hacksa
`nhmkh pnilkmka mgighmkh

Iktkr Lnikckhm Kck`noac okhusak ktku oksykrkckt snrtk

Znogfgh onoaica Radai Znikdkrkh onhyninskackh cgheiac `kiko
Okikysak `nhmkh pudkkh `kiko oktk uruskh cnrdk.
 pnikdkrkh Lkfksk Onikyu, Lkfksk
Ahmmnras, Oktnoktac, `kh
Znr`kmkhmkh. Znogfgh onoaiaca
@apigok Znhmkdakh Znrhakmkkh.

62

 
 Znhmkikokh cnrdk Zgtnhsa @ara
Znogfgh onrupkckh lncks pnmkwka `a •  Znogfgh sngrkhm lnrahtnmrata
Kngh Bg ( o ) Lf` . snikok `uk tkfuh. `kh dudur `kiko onikcuckh
tumks ykhm `akokhkfckh.

  Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm ladkc

onhmkmafckh cnrdk cnpk`k
ckcatkhmkh ykhm ikah.
•  Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm
snhtaksk onhdkmk pnhkopaikh
aond `ara `noa onhdkmk hkok
 lkac sykrackt.

  Znogfgh sngrkhm ykhm bncki

•

onhbkra sgiusa uhtuc

onhyninskackh kpk skfkdk
okskikf ykhm lnrckatkh `nhmkh
 pnhmuruskh sykrackt.

\uduckh
Dack ononriuckh okciuokt ikhdut
tnhtkhm `ara pnogfgh ( skyk ), saik
fuluhma4

•  Nhbac Okha, Znhmurus

Ckcatkhmkh Kngh Bg ( o ) Lf`.

60

 
 DK]KZKH - IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR ONOLKIKR
N-ONI )
****( fkhyk sktu n-oni `alnrackh )

Iktafkh ;

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Znolnikdkrkh
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Bkrk lnikdkr ykhm lnrcnskh
Egrokt 4 N-oni

Znh`kfuiukh
- Cntnrkhmkh onhmnhka cnbnonrikhmkh `kiko pnpnracskkh

Asa ; ( Bkrk ; 4 Onhuopuckh pnrfktakh snpnhufhyk `kiko cniks )

- kckh onokfkoa sntakp tgpac ykhm `akdkr
- kckh onhmahmkta kpk-kpk ykhm `asgki ktku `atkhyk ginf muru

Asa < ( Bkrk < 4 onhmurusckh oksk `nhmkh ladkc `kh lkac )
- onhyn`akckh dk`uki wkctu lnikdkr `kh onhmacutahyk `nhmkh
 lnr`asapiah
-   pnhyn`akkh dk`uki onolkhtu uhtuc onhmurusckh oksk snbkrk
snbkrk
 lnrcnskh
  pnhmuruskh oksk ykhm bnckp onolnra
- pnhmuruskh onolnra kwkc rukhm ykhm bucup uhtuc
onolukt pnrsn`akkh kwki

6>

 
 Asa 2 ( Bkrk 2 4 onhmkokickh mkyk fa`up safkt )
- onhdkikhckh kctavata snhkokh
- okckh okckhkh lnrcfksakt `kh snaolkhm
- onh`kpkt ta`ur ykhm snbucuphyk

Znhutup
- hksafkt
- fkrkpkh

65

 
 Ckrkhmkh pnhuf4

@krapk`k4 `krsfahaWsurnsf:5==Jmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  `krsfahaWsurnsf:5==Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 sykeaqkfWktfarkfJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  sykeaqkfWktfarkfJmokai.bgo
Ruldnc4 Bkrk lnikdkr ykhm lnrcnskh

Rkiko fgrokt sykeaqkf,

Rkyk kokt mnolark kpklaik onh`kpkt n-oni aha `krapk`k kwkc.

 Hkouh, skyk laolkhm `nhmkh cnk`kkh kwkc `a skhk. Rkyk pksta ykhm
kwkc onopuhyka cnahmahkh uhtuc onhbkpka cnbnonrikhmkh `kiko
 pnpnracskkh. Cnbnonrikhmkh `kiko pnpnracskkh luckhikf snsuktu

ykhm suskf uhtuc `abkpka sncarkhyk kwkc onopuhyka kzko ykhm

tahmma uhtuc onhbkpkahyk.

Znrtkok snckia, kwkc pnriu onhuopuckh pnrfktakh snpnhufhyk

cntack muru sn`khm onhmkdkr `a cniks . Kpklaik kwkc onolnrackh
snpnhuf pnrfktakh cntack prgsns pnhmkdkrkh `kh pnolnikdkrkh sn`khm
`adkikhckh, kwkc kckh onokfkoa sntakp tgpac ykhm `akdkr `kh kckh

onhmahmkta kpk-kpk ykhm `asgki ktku `atkhyk ginf muru.

Rnikah atu, kwkc pnru onhmurusckh oksk `nhmkh ladkc `kh lkac .
Kwkc lginf onhyn`akckh dk`uki wkctu lnikdkr `kh pkstackh kwkc
onhmacutahyk `nhmkh lnr`asapiah sncarkhyk ahmah onhbkpka
cnbnonrikhmkh `kiko pnpnracskkh. Znhyn`akkh dk`uki wkctu lnikdkr
kckh onolkhtu kwkc uhtuc onhmurusckh
onhmurusckh oksk snbkrk lnrcnskh

6=

 
 supkyk kwkc kckh onopuhyka oksk ykhm onhbucupa uhtuc
onhmuikhmckda pnikdkrkh `nhmkh inlaf onhyniuruf `kh lnrsakp sn`ak
uhtuc onhmfk`kpa pnpnracskkh. Znhmuruskh oksk ykhm bnckp kckh
onolnra kwkc rukhm ykhm bucup uhtuc onolukt pnrsn`akkh kwki

supkyk skyk `kpkt onhbkpka cnbnonrikhmkh `kiko pnpnracskkh hkhta.

Rkikf sktu bkrk lnikdkr ykhm lnrcnskh akikf onhmkokickh mkyk

fa`up safkt. ^htuc lnikdkr snbkrk lnrcnskh,
l nrcnskh, kwkc pnriu onhdkikhckh
kctavata snhkokh lkc cktk pnpktkf, lk`kh bnrmks, oah`k bnr`ks `kh
okckh okckhkh lnrcfksakt `kh snaolkhm. Zkstackh kwkc onh`kpkt
ta`ur ykhm snbucuphyk akatu sncurkhm-curkhmhyk 6 dko uhtuc

onhmnikcckh cnk`kkh insu `a sncgikf pk`k fkra nsgchyk.

Cndkykkh `kiko pnpnracskkh k`kikf `aalkrktckh pniatk ykhm onhdk`a

 pnhyuiuf cnpk`k catk pk`k okiko-okiko ykhm mnikp mniatk. Rkyk
 lnrfkrkp tap-tap ykhm skyk lnrackh `kpkt onolkhtu kwkc `kiko
onhbkpka cnputuskh ykhm bnonrikhm `kiko pnpnracskkh hkhta.

Rkfklktou,
@krsfaha Rurnsf

66

 
 Iktafkh <

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Fgla
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Bk`khmkh fgla uhtuc onhmasa oksk ikpkhm
Egrokt 4 N-oni

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa fgla

Asa ; ( Bk`khmkh ; 4 Kokikh onolkbk )

- oniuksckh aiou pnhmntkfukh
 
- onolkhtu onhahmcktckh pnrlnh`kfkrkkh cktk

Asa < ( Bk`khmkh < 4 Onikcuckh kctavata suckh )

- onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh
- onhmniukrckh pniuf `kra lk`kh
- onhyahmcarckh tgcsah `kiko lk`kh
- onhdk`ackh lk`khinlaf bnrmks

Asa 2 ( Bk`khmkh 24 Onikcuckh kctavata onokskc )

-  lginf
 lginf onhmncsprnsackh `ara snbkrk crnktae
- onolkhtu onhmurkhmckh strns.

Znhutup
- hksafkt
- fkrkpkh

61

 
 Ckrkhmkh pnhuf4

@krapk`k4 bfigndnhmonaJmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  bfigndnhmonaJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 sklrahkdkonsJykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4  sklrahkdkonsJykfgg.bgo
Ruldnc4 Fgla uhtuc onhmasa oksk ikpkhm

Rkiko fgrokt Rklrahk,

Rkyk kokt mnolark kpklaik onh`kpkt n-oni aha `krapk`k kwkc. Rkyk
sncniukrmk safkt wkikeakt. Fgla onrupkckh cnmaktkh ykhm catk
ikcuckh pk`k wkctu ikpkhm. Rntakp grkhm onsta onopuhyka fgla
tnrsnh`ara cnrkhk lkhykc cninlafkhhyk.

Kwkc lginf onhdk`ackh kokikh onolkbk snlkmka fgla kwkc.

@nhmkh onolkbk, kwkc `kpkt oniuksckh aiou pnhmntkfukh. Fki aha
`noacakh, onikiua lkfkh lkbkkh, cfusushyk lucu, okdkikf `kh
kcflkr tnr`kpkt pnilkmka aiou pnhmntkfukh skok k`k ykhm lnrckatkh
`nhmkh skahs, sndkrkf, lkfksk `kh asu snoksk `kpkt `apnrginfa.
Kokikh onolkbk dumk `kpkt onolkhtu kwkc uhtuc onhahmcktckh

 pnrlnh`kfkrkkh cktk.

Rnikah atu, kwkc lginf onokhekktckh oksk ikpkhm `nhmkh

onikcuckh kctavata suckh. Bghtgfhyk, snpnrta suckh lk`oahtgh
ktku lnrlksacki. Lnrsuckh `kpkt onhyafktckh tuluf lk`kh kwkc. Fki
aha `acktkckh `noacakh cnrkhk kctavata suckh ononriuckh pnrmnrkckh
 lk`kh ykhm kctae. Ak kckh onhmniukrckh
onhmniukrc kh pniuf `kra lk`kh kwkc ykhm

1:

 
 onhyahmcarckh tgcsah `kiko lk`kh. Lnrsuckh kckh onhdk`ackh
 lk`kh kwkc inlaf bnrmks.

Kwkc dumk lginf onhdk`ackh kctavata onokskc snlkmka skikf sktu

fgla. Kwkc lginf onopnikdkra bkrk onokskc `kh onhmfkeki rnsnpa.

Kwkc lginf onhghtgh va`ng
v a`ng tutgraki onokskc `a ikokh wnl. Onikiua
kctavata onokskc, kwkc lginf onhmncsprnsackh `ara snbkrk crnktae
`kh onolkhtu kwkc uhtuc onhmurkhmckh strns.

Rnonokhmhyk fgla lkhykc onh`ktkhmckh ekn`kf. Kwkc pnriu ladkc

onoaiaf fgla ykhm lnrokhekkt. K`kikf suktu pnolkzarkh dack oksk

ykhm lnrikiu tnrlukhm lnmatu skfkdk.Aha `asnlklckh oksk ykhm lnrikiu

ta`kc kckh lnruikhm ikma. Fkrkp bk`khmkh skyk kckh onolkhtu kwkc
`kiko pnoaiafkh fgla ykhm snsuka.

Rkfklktou,
Bfign

1;

 
 DK]KZKH - IKPAFKH ( CK\KHMKH DNHAR ONOLKIKR
RKIKF RKP^ N-ONI )
****( @uk n-oni `alnrackh )

Iktafkh ;
****Znikdkr fkhyk pnriu onolkiks skikf sktu n-oni ( skok k`k n-oni
; ktku n-oni < )

Dkwkpkh tnikf `alnrackh uhtuc n-oni ; `kh n-oni < .

Bkrk onhdkwkl n-oni ;

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Rnokhmkt pktragtason
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Bkrk onoupuc snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko
ckikhmkh rnokdk `kh okhekkthyk
Egrokt 4 N-oni

Znh`kfuiukh

- @neahasa snokhmkt pktragtason

Asa ; ( Bkrk ; 4 Zafkc sncgikf pnriu onhmk`kckh prgmrko lnrckatkh

snokhmkt pktragtason )
-  Bghtgf4 Rkolutkh Fkra Cnonr`nckkh pnrahmckt sncgikf,
hykh
hy khya
yakh
kh Ikmu
Ikm u Hnmkrkc
Hnmkrkcu
u snok
snoksk
sk pnrfaop
pnrfaopuhkh
uhkh `kh
`kh
snlkmkahyk

1<

 
 - `kpkt onhynoka snokhmkt pktragtac `kiko dawk rnokdk
-  `kpkt onikfarckh rnokdk ykhm snhtaksk onhbahtka hnmkrk

Asa < ( Bkrk < 4 Alu lkpk lginf onolkwk rnokdk onikwkt tnopkt-

tnopkt lnrsndkrkf )
-  `kpkt onokfkoa `kh onhmfkykta sndkrkf cnonr`nckkh hnmkrk `kh
cnpkfikwkhkh tgcgf-tgcgf ykhm lnrdukhm lnrokta-oktakh `noa
tkhkf kar tnrbahtk
- onikfarckh snokhmkt pnrdukhmkh `kiko `ara rnokdk uhtuc
onopnrtkfkhckh hnmkrk `krapk`k khbkokh ousuf cnikc.

Asa 2 ( Bkrk 2 4 Zafkc cnrkdkkh dumk pnriu onhmkhdurckh cnopnh-

cnopnh ykhm lnrckatkh `nhmkh snokhmkt pktragtason )
- onolnrackh cnsn`krkh cnpk`k rnokdk tnhtkhm cnpnhtahmkh snokhmkt
 pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt `a hnmkrk catk
- onhahmcktckh snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk `a hnmkrk
catk
- onhmnrktckh pnrpk`ukh khtkrk ckuo `a hnmkrk catk

Znhutup
  Hksafkt
- Hksafkt

- Fkrkpkh

12

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

@krapk`k4 sfkzwkhWkeae00Jykfgg.bgo
@krapk`k4  sfkzwkhWkeae00Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4 `khani:2;;Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4  `khani:2;;Jmokai.bgo

Ruldnc4 Bkrk onoupuc snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh

rnokdk `kh okhekkthyk

Rkiko fgrokt @khani,

Rkyk safkt wkikeakt `a saha. Rkyk ckmuo kckh cnsuhmmufkh kwkc `kh
ckwkh-ckwkh kwkc `kiko onhmfksaickh cnrtks cnrdk onhmnhka
snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk `a Okikysak. Rnokhmkt

 pktragtason akikf pnrkskkh ktku sackp pgsatae tnrfk`kp tkhkf kar `kiko
ckikhmkh oksykrkckt. Rnsuhmmufhyk, snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko
ckikhmkh rnokdk `a Okikysak snokcah fkra snokcah iuhtur `kh
tnrfkcas.

Khtkrk bkrk ykhm pkiahm nenctae uhtuc onoupuc snokhmkt pktragtason

`kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk akikf pafkc sncgikf pnriu onhmk`kckh

prgmrko snpnrta skolutkh Fkra Cnonr`nckkh pnrahmckt

sncgikf, hykhyakh Ikmu Hnmkrkcu snoksk pnrfaopuhkh `kh
snlkmkahyk . Rnokhmkt pktragtason fkrus `apupuc `kra lkhmcu
sncgikf ikma lkc cktk pnpktkf ’oninhtur luiuf lakrikf `kra
rnluhmhyk‟ kmkr `kpkt onhynoka snokhmkt pktragtason `kiko
 dawk
 da wk rn
rnok
okdk
dk `kh
`k h `kpkt onikfarckh rnokdk ykhm snhtaksk onhbahtka
hnmkrk.

10

 
 Rntnrushyk, alu lkpk lginf onolkwk rnokdk onikwkt tnopkt-
tnopkt lnrsndkrkf snoksk buta sncgikf . Onikiua bkrk aha, rnokdk
`kpkt onokfkoa `kh onhmfkykta sndkrkf cnonr`nckkh hnmkrk `kh
cnpkfikwkhkh tgcgf-tgcgf ykhm lnrdukhm lnrokta-oktakh `noa tkhkf

kar tnrbahtk. Cnskh-cnskh pnhahmmkikh sndkrkf kckh onikfarckh

snokhmkt pnrdukhmkh `kiko `ara rnokdk uhtuc onopnrtkfkhckh
hnmkrk `krapk`k khbkokh ousuf cnikc.

Zafkc cnrkdkkh dumk pnriu onhmkhdurckh cnopnh-cnopnh ykhm

lnrckatkh `nhmkh snokhmkt pktragtason  lkma onolnrackh
cnsn`krkh cnpk`k rnokdk tnhtkhm cnpnhtahmkh snokhmkt pktragtason

`kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt `a hnmkrk catk. Znhmkhdurkh cnopnh-

cnopnh cnsn`krkh luckh skfkdk onhahmcktckh snokhmkt pktragtason
`kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk `a hnmkrk catk, okikf turut onhmnrktckh
 pnrpk`ukh khtkrk ckuo `a hnmkrk catk snpnrta skolai onhyniko
oahuo kar.

Rnokhmkt pktragtason `kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk koktikf pnhtahm uhtuc

onikfarckh wkrmkhnmkrk ykhm bahtk kckh hnmkrkhyk `kh kckh
onopnrtkfkhckh okrukf hnmkrkhyk cnikc. Rkyk lnrfkrkp bk`khmkh
skyk sn`acat snlkhykc onolkhtu kwkc `kiko pnhmfksaikh cnrtks
cnrdk kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Rfkzwkh

1>

 
 Bkrk onhdkwkl n-oni <

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Cndarkhkh

Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Bkrk onhmnrktckh fuluhmkh cndarkhkh `kh

okhekkthyk
Egrokt 4 N-oni
Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa darkh

Asa ; ( Bkrk ; 4 onhmk`kckh okdias-okdias ruokf tnrluck snoksk

snsuktu skolutkh pnrkykkh )

- acktkh saikturkfao ykhm cucuf khtkrk oksykrkckt ykhm fa`up
 lnrdarkh `kpkt `alnhtuc.
- oksykrkckt `kpkt lnrcuopui `kh lnrlahbkhm
- onolkhtu oksykrkckt uhtuc lnrcnhkikh `nhmkh inlaf nrkt ikma.

Asa < ( Bkrk < 4 onhmk`kckh kctavata mgtghm-rgyghm )

- darkh
  `kpkt lnrcuopui `kh lncnrdkskok
lnc nrdkskok skolai lnrlahbkhm tnhtkhm
kctavata ykhm kckh `aikcuckh
- `kpkt onhmnhkia sktu skok ikah `nhmkh inlaf `nckt ikma
-  fuluhmkh ykhm nrkt khtkrk oksykrkckt ykhm fa`up lnrdarkh kckh
tnrdkiah.

15

 
 Asa 2 ( Bkrk 2 4 Onoprkctacckh kokikh cuhduhm-onhmuhduhm )
  lginf onhmucufckh snokhmkt cndarkhkh
- lginf c ndarkhkh
- `kpkt lnrcghmsa okskikf `kh cnsuskfkh ykhm `akikoa `kh lginf
onh`nhmkr okskikf `kh cniufkh darkh
 
- pnh`nratkkh ykhm `akikoa `kpkt `arahmkhckh.

Znhutup
  Hksafkt
- Hksafkt

- Fkrkpkh

1=

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

@krapk`k4 onadkhn20Jmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  onadkhn20Jmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 hkktaqkf;;<2Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4  hkktaqkf;;<2Jykfgg.bgo

Ruldnc4 Bkrk onhmucufckh snokhmkt cndarkhkh `kh okhekkthyk

Rkiko fgrokt Hkktaqkf,

Rkyk safkt wkikeakt `a saha. Rkyk ckmuo kckh cnsuhmmufkh kwkc `kh
ckwkh-ckwkh kwkc `kiko onhmfksaickh cnrtks cnrdk onhmnhka
snokhmkt cndarkhkh `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt `a Okikysak. Darkh
onrupkckh grkhm ykhm tahmmki lnrfkoparkh `nhmkh ruokf catk.
Rnsuhmmufhyk, snokhmkt cndarkhkh `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt `a
Okikysak snokcah fkra snokcah iuhtur `kh tnrfkcas.

Khtkrk bkrk ykhm pkiahm nenctae uhtuc onhmucufckh snokhmkt

cndarkhkh `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt akikf `nhmkh onhmk`kckh
okdias-okdias ruokf tnrluck snoksk snsuktu skolutkh
pnrkykkh. @nhmkh bkrk aha, acktkh saikturkfao ykhm cucuf khtkrk
oksykrkckt ykhm fa`up lnrdarkh `kpkt `alnhtuc. Oksykrkckt `kpkt
 lnrcuopui `kh lnrlahbkhm skolai onhacokta duk`kf ykhm `asn`akckh
ginf tukh ruokf. Okdias ruokf tnrluck dumk onolkhtu oksykrkckt
uhtuc lnrcnhkikh `nhmkh inlaf nrkt ikma.

16

 
 Rntnrushyk, pafkc rucuh tntkhmmk snsnlukf ckwkskh pnriu
onhmk`kckh kctavata mgtghm-rgyghm sncurkhm-curkhmhyk
snluikh snckia. Onikiua kctavata mgtghm-rgyghm, darkh `kpkt
 lnrcuopui `kh
` kh lncnrdkskok skolai
sk olai lnrlahbkhm tnhtkhm kctavata ykh
ykhmm

kckh `aikcuckh. Onrnck `kpkt onhmnhkia sktu skok ikah `nhmkh

`nh mkh inlaf
`nckt ikma. Onikiua bkrk aha, fuluhmkh ykhm nrkt khtkrk oksykrkckt
ykhm fa`up lnrdarkh kckh tnrdkiah.

Rntnrushyk, kokikh cuhduhm-onhmuhduhm `kiko ckikhmkh

oksykrkckt  dumk lginf onhmucufckh snokhmkt cndarkhkh. Onikiua
kctavata aha, catk `kpkt lnrcghmsa okskikf `kh cnsuskfkh ykhm `akikoa

`kh lginf onh`nhmkr okskikf `kh cniufkh onrnck. Rncurkhm-

curkhmhyk, pnh`nratkkh ykhm `akikoa `kpkt `arahmkhckh. Oksykrkckt
onstaikf lnrpnmkhm pk`k prahsap bulat pkfk cara, pkfk ckhkh tnrksk
 dumk. Okcsu`hyk, dack oksykrkckt onopuhyka snokhmkt cndarkhkh
ykhm tahmma, snmkik cnsuskfkh `kh cnpnratkh ykhm `akikoa ginf darkh,
 pnriu `acghmsa lnrskok.

Rnokhmkt cndarkhkh `kiko ckikhmkh oksykrkckt koktikf pnhtahm

uhtuc onhdkiah fuluhmkh pnrpk`ukh ykhm utuf `kh tnmuf. Rkyk
 lnrfkrkp bk`khmkh skyk sn`acat snlkhykc onolkhtu kwkc `kiko
 pnhmfksaikh cnrtks cnrdk kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Ona Dkhn

11

 
 Iktafkh <
****Znikdkr fkhyk pnriu onolkiks skikf sktu n-oni ( skok k`k n-oni
; ktku n-oni < )

Dkwkpkh tnikf `alnrackh uhtuc n-oni ; `kh n-oni < .

Bkrk onhdkwkl n-oni ;

\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Znhmmuhkkh ahtnrhnt snbkrk lnrfnokf
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 pnrkhkh alu lkpk `kiko onh`a`ac rnokdk uhtuc

onhmmuhkckh ahtnrhnt snbkrk lnrfnokf `kh

okhekkthyk

Znh`kfuiukh
- @neahasa ahtnrhnt

Asa ; ( Bkrk ; 4 onokhtku rnokdk snoksk onrnck onhmmuhkckh

ahtnrhnt )
- onhmnikcckh rnokdk `krapk`k onhmkcsns ikokh-ikokh snskwkhm
ykhm lnruhsurckh pgrhgmrkea, ktkupuh `krapk`k onikcuckh dnhkykf
salnr snpnrta onhbntkc rgopkc lkfkh on`ak, onhbntusckh prgvgcksa
ktku onhmmg`ko ikokh snskwkhm.
- onhynikoktckh rnokdk `krapk`k tnrus tnrpnrkhmckp `a `kiko ckhbkf

;::

 
  dnhkykf salnr.

Asa < ( Bkrk < 4 onopnrcnhkickh ikokh snskwkhm ktku kpiacksa pahtkr
ykhm lnruhsurckh pnolnikdkrkh cnpk`k rnokdk )
- rnokdk kckh onokhekktckh pnhmmuhkkh ahtnrhnt snrtk ladkc
onhmmuhkckhhyk
- alu lkpk ta`kc pnriu rasku sncarkhyk khkc-khkc onhmfklasckh oksk
`nhmkh onikykra ahtnrhnt
- rnokdk `kpkt onhmuikhm ckda
c kda pnikdkrkh onikiua kpiacksa `kh ikokh
snskwkhm tnrsnlut
- onhahmcktckh cnokfarkh AP

Asa 2 ( Bkrk 2 4 onhmnfk`ckh oksk pnhmmuhkkh on`ak sgsaki `kiko

ckikhmkh rnokdk )
- onhmkdkr rnokdk uhtuc onhmmuhkckh oksk `nhmkh lkac
- ta`kc kckh onikikackh rnokdk.

Znhutup

- Hksafkt
 
- Fkrkpkh

;:;

 
 Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

@krapk`k4 oabfniinJmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  oabfniinJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 hktfkh==Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4  hktfkh==Jykfgg.bgo

Ruldnc4 Znrkhkh alu lkpk `kiko onh`a`ac rnokdk uhtuc

onhmmuhkckh ahtnrhnt snbkrk lnrfnokf `kh okhekkthyk

Rkiko fgrokt Hktfkh,

Rkyk safkt wkikeakt `a saha. Ahtnrhnt k`kikf suktu dkrahmkh cgouhacksa

ykhm onhmfuluhmckh sktu on`ak ninctghac `nhmkh on`ak ykhm ikah.
Ahtnrhnt onrupkckh sktu baptkkh okhusak ykhm wkdkr `ackmuoa,
`kiko oksk ykhm skok onrupkckh sktu cnpnhtahmkh `kiko
cnfa`upkh sntakp ah`ava`u. Alu lkpk snonokhmhyk onokahckh
 pnrkhkh pnhtahm `kiko onh`a`ac rnokdk uhtuc onhmmuhkckh ahtnrhnt
snbkrk lnrfnokf.

Alu lkpk lnrpnrkhkh uhtuc onokhtku rnokdk snoksk onrnck

onhmmuhkckh ahtnrhnt. Znokhtkukh alu lkpk
lkp k okopu o
onhmnikcckh
nhmnikcckh
rnokdk `krapk`k onhmkcsns ikokh-ikokh snskwkhm ykhm
 lnruhsurckh pgrhgmrkea, ktkupuh `krapk`k onikcuckh dnhkykf salnr
snpnrta onhbntkc rgopkc lkfkh on`ak, onhbntusckh prgvgcksa ktku
onhmmg`ko ikokh snskwkhm. \nokdk dumk kckh tnrsnikokt `krapk`k
tnrus tnrpnrkhmckp `a `kiko ckhbkf dnhkykf salnr.

;:<

 
 Rntnrushyk, alu lkpk pnriu pnriu onopnrcnhkickh ikokh snskwkhm
ktku kpiacksa pahtkr ykhm lnruhsurckh pnolnikdkrkh cnpk`k
rnokdk. Lkhykc kpiacksa `kh ikokh snskwkhm ykhm onhyn`akckh
kctavata pnolnikdkrkh onhmmuhkckh cnou`kfkh ahtnrhnt, hkouh
curkhm onh`kpkt skolutkh `kiko ckikhmkh pnhmmuhk ahtnrhnt oksk
caha. Onikiua bkrk aha, rnokdk kckh ouik onokhekktckh pnhmmuhkkh
ahtnrhnt snrtk ladkc onhmmuhkckhhyk. Alu lkpk ta`kc pnriu rasku
sncarkhyk khkc-khkc onhmfklasckh oksk `nhmkh onikykra ahtnrhnt.
\nokdk `kpkt onhmuikhm ckda pnikdkrkh onikiua kpiacksa `kh ikokh
snskwkhm tnrsnlut, snckia mus onhahmcktckh cnokfarkh AP.

Rnikah atu, alu lkpk dumk pnriuikf onhmnfk`ckh oksk pnhmmuhkkh

on`ak sgsaki `kiko ckikhmkh rnokdk. Rnlkmka bghtgf, rnokdk
fkrusikf `alnhkrckh uhtuc onhmkcsns on`ak sgsaki `nhmkh
 pnokhtkukh `krapk`k alu lkpk snikok sktu
sktu dko skfkdk snfkra. Bkrk aha
kckh onhmkdkr rnokdk uhtuc onhmmuhkckh oksk `nhmkh lkac `a
skopahm ladkc onhmmuhkckh Ahtnrhnt. Ak dumk ta`kc kckh onikikackh
rnokdk.

@nhmkh k`khyk mnhnrksa ykhm onhmmuhkckh ahtnrhnt snbkrk

 lnrfnokf, su`kf pksta hnmkrk catk kckh lnrtkolkf okdu sntkh`ahm
`nhmkh hnmkrk-hnmkrk ikah. Rkyk lnrfkrkp bk`khmkh skyk tnikf
sn`acat snlkhykc onolkhtu kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Oabfniin

;:2

 
 Bkrk onhdkwkl n-oni <
\khmck ckrkhmkh4
Asu 4 Bklkrkh `kiko fa`up rnokdk
Cnfnh`kc sgkikh 4 Znrsn`akkh \nokdk @kiko Onhmfk`kpa Bklkrkh
Fa`up `kh Okhekkthyk

Znh`kfuiukh
- Cnskh bklkrkh `kiko fa`up rnokdk

Asa ; ( Znrsn`akkh ; 4 Onoaiaca prahsap `ara ykhm tnmuf `kh dkta `ara
ykhm cucuf )

-  onolkhtu rnokdk uhtuc onolkhmuh pgtnhsa `ara

  pnhtahm lkma rnokdk onhbkpka cndkykkh ykhm inlaf lnrokchk
- pnhtahm l nrokchk
- onhmfah`krckh `ara `kra saekt hnmktae

Asa < ( Znrsn`akkh < 4 Oninhmckpckh `ara `nhmkh pnhmntkfukh kmkok )

- ta`kc kckh ou`kf tnrpnhmkruf `nhmkh pnrckrk-pnrckrk hnmktae
- onolnhtuc skfsakf `kh pnralk`a rnokdk cn krkf ykhm inlaf lkac

 pk`k oksk `npkh

Asa 2 ( Znrsn`akkh < 4 Onopnrsakpckh `ara `nhmkh lnlnrkpk cnokfarkh )

-  inlaf ou`kf lnrskahm uhtuc onh`kpkt pncnrdkkh
- tkfkp cnykcahkh `ara `kpkt `atahmcktckh

;:0

 
 Znhutup
  Hksafkt
- Hksafkt

- Fkrkpkh

Ckrkhmkh Znhuf4

@krapk`k4 dkonsoktfnwJmokai.bgo
@krapk`k4  dkonsoktfnwJmokai.bgo
Cnpk`k4 keaqkf;;;;Jykfgg.bgo
Cnpk`k4  keaqkf;;;;Jykfgg.bgo
Ruldnc4 Znrsn`akkh \nokdk @kiko Onhmfk`kpa Bklkrkh Fa`up
`kh Okhekkthyk

Rkiko fgrokt Keaqkf,

Rkyk safkt wkikeakt `a saha. Rnonstahyk cnfa`upkh zkokh rnokdk

onrupkckh zkokh ykhm pnhuf `umkkh fa`up ykhm onhbklkr.
Bklkrkh aha onhynlklckh lkhykc rnokdk putus ksk `kiko
onhmfkruhmahyk ikiu tnrdnlkc `kiko pnilkmka ckhbkf mndkik sgsaki
ykhm okopu onhdndksckh aond `kh okrukf `ara rnokdk atu snh`ara.
Lkma onhmfkruhma bklkrkh `kiko fa`up, rnokdk pnriu onolukt
 lnlnrkpk pnrsn`akkh.

Khtkrk pnrsn`akkh ykhm fkrus `aikcuckh ginf rnokdk `kiko

onhmfkruhma bklkrkh `kiko fa`up akikf onoaiaca prahsap `ara ykhm
tnmuf `kh dkta `ara ykhm cucuf. Ak `kpkt onolkhtu rnokdk uhtuc
onolkhmuh pgtnhsa `ara . Dkta `ara ykhm cucuf pnhtahm lkma rnokdk

;:>

 
 onhbkpka cndkykkh ykhm inlaf lnrokchk `kh onhmfah`krckh
onhmfah`krc kh `ara `kra
saekt hnmktae.

Rntnrushyk, rnokdk pnriu oninhmckpckh `ara `nhmkh pnhmntkfukh

kmkok onhmacut cnpnrbkykkh oksahm-oksahm. @nhmkh k`khyk
aiou cnkmkokkh ykhm cucuf, rnokdk ta`kc kckh ou`kf tnrpnhmkruf
`nhmkh pnrckrk-pnrckrk hnmktae cnrkhk sntakp kmkok onhmkdkr
uokthyk onikcuckh cnlkackh. Znhnrkpkh haika kmkok `kh
 pnhmfkyktkh kmkok dumk `kpkt onolnhtuc skfsakf `kh pnralk`a
rnokdk cn krkf ykhm inlaf lkac pk`k oksk `npkh.

\nokdk dumk pnriu onopnrsakpckh `ara `nhmkh lnlnrkpk

cnokfarkh cnrkhk cnokfarkh kokt pnhtahm `kiko `uhak og`nh

pk`k fkra aha. Khtkrkhyk akikf cnokfarkh `kiko la`khm pnoluktkh,
cnokfarkh lnrcgouhacksa `kh pnolkwkkh aond `ara `kh cnokfarkh
`kiko pnrcgoputnrkh. @nhmkh cnokfarkh tnrsnlut, rnokdk inlaf
ou`kf lnrskahm uhtuc onh`kpkt pncnrdkkh. Pkfkp cnykcahkh `ara
rnokdk dumk `kpkt `atahmcktckh `nhmkh k`khyk cnokfarkh tnrsnlut.

\nokdk onrupkckh ksnt pnhtahm hnmkrk cnrkhk mgighmkh lniak akikf

 pnhmmnrkc cnokdukh hnmkrk. Ginf fki ykhm `noacakh, rnokdk pnriu
onopnrsakpckh `ara `nhmkh lkac uhtuc onhmfk`kpa bklkrkh- bklkrkh
`kiko fa`up onrnck. Rkyk lnrfkrkp pnhdnikskh skyk tnikf sn`acat
snlkhykc onrn`kckh cncniarukh kwkc.

Rkfklktou,
Dkons Oktfnw

;:5

 
;:=