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SHS

General Physics 1 Activity Sheet

Quarter 2 – MELC 13-16
Week 3
UNIVERSAL LAW OF GRAVITATION and SIMPLE
HARMONIC MOTION

REGION VI – WESTERN VISAYAS

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General Physics 1
Activity Sheet No. 6- Universal Law of Gravitation and Simple Harmonic Motion
First Edition, 2020

Published in the Philippines

By the Department of Education
Region 6 – Western Visayas

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This Learning Activity Sheet is developed by DepEd Region 6 – Western Visayas.

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. No part of this learning resource may be reproduced or

transmitted in any form or by any means electronic or mechanical without written permission
from the DepEd Regional Office 6 – Western Visayas.

Development Team of General Physics 1 Activity Sheet

Writers: Jose Devin C. Celorico

Illustrators: Felizardo S. Valdez III
Layout Artist: Felizardo S. Valdez III
Reviewer: Analie V. Almaiz

Division of Kabankan City Management Team:

Portia M. Mallorca
Peter J. Galimba
Helen M. Bocol
Analie V. Almaiz

Regional Management Team:

Ma. Gemma M. Ledesma
Josilyn S. Solana
Elena P. Gonzaga
Donald T. Genine
Rovel R. Salcedo
Moonyeen C. Rivera
Anita S. Gubalane
Minda L. Soldevilla
Daisy L. Lopez
Joseph M. Pagalaran

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Introductory Message
Welcome to General Physics 1!

The Learning Activity Sheet is a product of the collaborative efforts of

the Schools Division of Kabankalan and DepEd Regional Office VI - Western
Visayas through the Curriculum and Learning Management Division (CLMD).
This is developed to guide the learning facilitators (teachers, parents and
responsible adults) in helping the learners meet the standards set by the K to
12 Basic Education Curriculum.

The Learning Activity Sheet is self-directed instructional materials

aimed to guide the learners in accomplishing activities at their own pace and
time using the contextualized resources in the community. This will also
assist the learners in acquiring the lifelong learning skills, knowledge and
attitudes for productivity and employment.

For learning facilitator:

The General Physics 1 Activity Sheet will help you facilitate the leaching-
learning activities specified in each Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC)
with minimal or no face-to-face encounter between you and learner. This will be
made available to the learners with the references/links to ease the independent
learning.

For the learner:

The General Physics 1 Activity Sheet is developed to help you continue

learning even if you are not in school. This learning material provides you with
meaningful and engaging activities for independent learning. Being an active
learner, carefully read and understand the instructions then perform the activities
and answer the assessments. This will be returned to your facilitator on the agreed
schedule

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Name of Learner: ________________________________________________________

Grade and Section: ___________________________________Date: _______________

GENERAL PHYSICS 1 ACTIVITY SHEET No. 6

Universal Law of Gravitation and Simple Harmonic Motion

I. Learning Competencies with Code

• For circular orbits, relate Kepler’s third law of planetary motion to Newton’s
law of gravitation and centripetal acceleration. (STEM_GP12G-IIc22)

• Relate the amplitude, frequency, angular frequency, period, displacement,

velocity, and acceleration of oscillating systems. (STEM_GP12PMIIc-24)

• Recognize the necessary conditions for an object to undergo simple harmonic

motion. (STEM_GP12PMIIc-25)

• Calculate the period and the frequency of spring mass, simple pendulum, and
physical pendulum (STEM_GP12PMIIc-27)

II. Background Information for Learners

You may have heard the legend that Newton was struck on the head by a falling
apple while napping under a tree. This alleged incident supposedly prompted him
to imagine that perhaps all objects in the universe were attracted to each other in
the same way the apple was attracted to the Earth. Newton analyzed astronomical
data on the motion of the Moon around the Earth. From that analysis, he made
the bold assertion that the force law governing the motion on the planets was the
same as the force law that attracted a falling apple to the Earth.

III. Activity Proper

Activity 1
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion
Kepler’s Third Law of Planetary Motion (Law of Periods): If the radius of a
planet’s orbit about the sun is cubed and then divided by the square of the planet’s
period, the same constant k is always obtained.
𝒓𝟑
Mathematically, k = 𝟐
𝑻
The force that causes the planets to revolve around the sun has to conform
to the equation for circular motion,
𝒎𝒗𝟐 𝒎 (𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒓)
Fc = mac = = where: ac = centripetal acceleration
𝒓 𝑻𝟐
𝒓𝟑
But Newton believed that the ratio 𝑻𝟐
had to be the result of the force keeping
the planets in their orbits.

𝒎𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒓 𝒓𝟑
Fc = 𝑻𝟐
but T2 = 𝒌
(Law of Periods)

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𝒎𝟒 𝝅𝟐 𝒓 𝒎𝟒𝝅𝟐 𝒌
Fc = 𝒓𝟑
= 𝒓𝟐
𝒌
𝒎𝑲
If 4𝝅𝟐 𝒌 may be considered as a single factor and a constant K, then Fc =
𝒓𝟐

Newton further assumed that the gravitational attraction between the sun and
a planet acts in the same way between any two objects.
𝑚1 𝑚2
F∝ 𝑟2
𝑚 𝑚
F= K 𝑟1 2 2 replacing K with G
𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
FG = G where G = Gravitational constant = 6.67 x 10–11Nm2/kg2
𝒓𝟐

Newton’s Law of Universal Gravitation: Every particle in the Universe attracts

every other particle with a force that is directly proportional to the product of
their masses and inversely proportional to the square of the distance between
them.
𝒎 𝒎
FG = G 𝟏 𝟐 𝟐 𝒓

Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM)

Periodic Motion is motion of an object that regularly repeats – the object returns
to a given position after a fixed time interval. You can identify several types of periodic
motion in everyday life. You return to the dinner table each night to eat. A bumped
chandelier swings back and forth, returning to the same position at a regular rate.
The Earth returns to the same position in its orbit around the Sun each year,
resulting in the variation among the four seasons.
A special kind of periodic motion occurs in mechanical systems when the force
acting on an object is proportional to the position of the object relative to some
equilibrium position. If this is always directed toward the equilibrium position, the
motion is called simple harmonic motion. When the acceleration of an object is
proportional to its position and is in the direction opposite the displacement from
equilibrium, the object moves with simple harmonic motion.
• The Period (T) in a SHM is the time occupied in moving from one end of the
path to the other end and back again, or the time required for one vibration.
• The Frequency (f) is the number of vibrations made per second. f = 1/T
• The Displacement (x) is the distance of the vibrating body at any instant from its
normal position of rest, i.e. from the center of its path.
The maximum displacement is the Amplitude (r).
• The Angular Frequency (𝝎) is the oscillation frequency ‘f’ measured in oscillations
per second, multiplied by the angle through which the body moves.
ω=2 f
• Velocity and Acceleration in SHM
𝟐𝝅
v = 2𝝅𝒇 √𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 but f = 1/T then, v = √𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐
𝑻

𝟒𝝅𝟐
a = – 4𝝅𝟐 𝒇𝟐 𝒙 but f = 1/T then, a = − 𝑻𝟐 x
where the minus sign indicates that x and a are in opposite direction

Period of Simple Pendulum

𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑒𝑛𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑚
T = 2 √𝑔 = 2 √𝑎𝑐𝑐𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑑𝑢𝑒 𝑡𝑜 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑡𝑦

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Period of Physical Pendulum (T)

:𝐼
T = 2 √𝑚𝑔ℎ
where: m = mass of physical or compound pendulum
I = its moment of inertia about a tranverse axis at the point of
suspension
h = distance of its center of gravity from the point of suspension
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.8 m/s2

Sample Problem:
1. Two objects are 2.5 m apart. One of the objects has a mass of 45 kg while
the other has a mass of 55 kg. Find the gravitational force between them.

Given:
r = 2.5 m
m1 = 45 kg
m2 = 55 kg

Solution:
𝑚1 𝑚2
FG = G 𝑟2
(45 𝑘𝑔)(55 𝑘𝑔)
= 6.67 x 10–11Nm2/kg2 (2.5 𝑚)2
= 2.6 x 10–8 N

2. A spring makes 12 vibrations in 3 seconds. Find the period and frequency

of the vibration.

Given:
elapsed time = 3 s
vibrations made = 12

Solution:
𝑒𝑙𝑎𝑝𝑠𝑒𝑑 𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 3𝑠
T= 𝑣𝑖𝑏𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛𝑠 𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑒
= 12
= ¼ s or 0.25s

1 1
f= 𝑇
= 1 = 4 Hz
𝑠
4

3. Compute the acceleration due to gravity at a place where a simple

pendulum, 1.5 m long, makes 100 vibrations in 246 s.

Given:
elapsed time = 246 s
vibrations made = 100
l = 1.5 m

Solution:
246 𝑠 𝑙
T= 100
= 2.46 s but T = 2 √𝑔 squaring both sides
T2 = 4 2 l/g

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4 𝜋2 4 𝜋2
g= 𝑇2
l= (2.46 𝑠)2
𝑥 1.50 𝑚 = 9.79 m/s2

4. Calculate the frequency of vibration of a 10 kg object having a moment of

inertia = 100 kg.m2, the center of gravity lies at a point 20 cm below the
point of suspension.

Given:
I = 100 kg.m2
m = 10 kg
h = 20 cm = 0.20 m

Solution:
:𝐼 100 𝑘𝑔.𝑚2
T = 2 √𝑚𝑔ℎ = 2 √(10 𝑘𝑔)(9.8 𝑚/𝑠2 )(0.20 𝑚) = 14.1 s

1 1
f= 𝑇
= 14.1 𝑠
= 0.07 Hz

5. A 2 kg block vibrates in SHM with amplitude r = 25 cm and period T = 3 s.

Find (a) the frequency, (b) its maximum speed and its speed when the
displacement x = 15 cm, (c) its maximum acceleration and its acceleration
when x = 15 cm.

Given:
m = 2 kg
r = 25 cm = 0.25 m
T=3s

Solution:
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(a) f = 1/T = 1/3s = 3
Hz = 0.33Hz

(b) Maximum speed occurs at the center of its path, at x = 0

𝟐𝝅 2𝜋
vmax = 𝑻 √𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 = 3𝑠 √(0.25 𝑚)2 − 0 = 0.524 m/s
𝟐𝝅 2𝜋
vx = 𝑻
√𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 =
3𝑠
√(0.25 𝑚)2 − (0.15 𝑚)2 = 0.419 m/s

(c) Maximum acceleration occurs at maximum displacement, at the amplitude

𝟒𝝅𝟐 4𝜋2
amax = − 𝑻𝟐
r=– (3𝑠)2
(0.25 𝑚) = 1.10 m/s2 toward center of path
𝟒𝝅𝟐 4𝜋 2
ax = − 𝑻𝟐
x=– (3𝑠)2
(0.15 𝑚) = 0.66 m/s2 toward center of path

Solve the following problems.

1. Two locomotives are 150 meters apart each having a mass of 4.0 x 10 5 kg.
Find the gravitational force that exist between them.

2. Two ships, 35 m apart, are docked next to each other. One ship weighs
1.9 x 108 N while the other weighs 9.7 x 107 N. What gravitational force exist
between them?

3. Compute the mass of the earth, assuming it to be a sphere of radius 6.37 x

106 m.

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4. What must be the separation be between a 5.2 kg particle and a 2.4 kg particle
for their gravitational attraction to have a magnitude of 2.3 x 1012 N?

5. Determine the force of gravitational attraction between the earth

5.98 x 1024 kg and a 70 kg boy who is standing at sea level, a distance of 6.38
x 106 m from earth’s center.

6. A pendulum makes 90 vibrations in 1 minute. Determine the period and the

frequency.

7. What is the period of a vibrating particle which has an acceleration of 2 m/s 2

when its displacement is 8 cm?

A 1 kg block vibrates in SHM with amplitude of 15 cm and period T = 2 s. Find

(8) the frequency, (9) its maximum speed and its speed when the displacement is
5 cm, (c) its maximum acceleration and its acceleration when the displacement is
5 cm.

Activity 2. Answer the following questions using any references.

1. Enumerate Kepler’s three laws of planetary motion.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
2. State Newton’s law of universal gravitation.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
3. What is the value of the gravitational constant, G?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
4. Why is the Law said to be universal?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
5. How does gravitational attraction vary with the distance of separation?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
6. A vibrating simple pendulum of period is placed in a lift which is accelerating
downwards. What will be the effect on the time period?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
7. Can a motion be oscillatory but not simple harmonic? If your answer is yes
give an example and if not explain why?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

8. A girl sitting on a swing. Another girl sits by her side. What will be the effect
on the periodic time of the swing?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
9. If a pendulum clock is taken to the mountain top, does it lose or gain time,
assuming it is correct at a lower elevation?
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

10. What is damped oscillation?

___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

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IV. Reflection

Complete the statements below.

I understand_____________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________

I don’t understand _____________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________________________

I need more information about ___________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________________________

V. Answer Key

(2𝑠)2 𝑻𝟐
(0.05 𝑚) = 0.05 2 m/s2 toward center of path
x=– ax = −
4𝜋2 𝟒𝝅𝟐
10. amax = − 𝑻𝟐 r = – (2𝑠)2 (0.15 𝑚) = 0.15 2 m/s2 toward center of path
𝟒𝝅𝟐 4𝜋2
𝑻 2𝑠
vx = √𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 = √(0.15 𝑚)2 − (0.05 𝑚)2 = 0.440 m/s
𝟐𝝅 2𝜋
𝑻 2𝑠
9. vmax = √𝒓𝟐 − 𝒙𝟐 = √(0.15 𝑚)2 − 0 = 0.471 m/s
𝟐𝝅 2𝜋
8. f = 1/T = 0.5 Hz
𝑎
then T = 1.26 s 7. T2 = –
4𝜋2 𝑥
f = 1/T = 1.5 Hz
6. T = elapsed time/ vibrations made = 0.67 s
𝒓𝟐
5. F = G = 685.94 N
𝟏 𝟐 𝒎 𝒎
𝑭
then r = 19 m 4. r2 = 𝐺
𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
r2 r2
mearth = 6.0 x 1024kg , then g = G 3. F = mg = G
mearth m1 m2
𝒓𝟐
= 10.45 N 2. F = G
𝒎𝟏 𝒎𝟐
𝑟2
= 4.74 x 10–4N 1. F = G
𝑚2
Activity 1

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College Physics: Schaum’s Outline Series (1971), McGraw-Hill
Publications, Inc.
Physics, 4th Year by Apolinar I. Guevarra, Jr. (2000), St. Asgustin
gravitation
https://www.britannica.com/video/152179/Isaac-Newton-formulation-law-
planetary-motion
https://www.britannica.com/story/understanding-keplers-laws-of-
VI. References
Activity 2
1. Law of Orbits, Law of Areas, Law of Periods
2. The force of attraction between any two bodies in the universe is
directly proportional with the square of yhe distance between them.
3. 6.67 x 10–11Nm2/kg2
4. Gravitation is a force that is present in all objects in this universe. This
force exerts on each and every object irrespective of its size, and shape.
Whether it is a subatomic particle, or a cluster of galaxies, the universal
law of gravitation applies on every particle.
5. Inversely Proportional. The closer the objects, the greater the attraction.
6. Time period increases as effective value of acceleration due to gravity
decreases.
7. Yes, when a ball is dropped from a height on a perfectly elastic surface,
the motion of the ball is oscillatory but not simple harmonic.
8. No effect, as periodic time is independent of mass.
9. The period of a simple pendulum is inversely proportional to the square
root of g. At the mountain top, the value of g decreases. Hence, the
value of T increases i.e. pendulum will take longer time to complete one
vibration. This shows that the pendulum clock will become slow. Hence,
the pendulum clock will lose time at the mountain top.
10.Damped oscillation is one in which the amplitude gradually decrease
with time and finally come to stop or zero
Reflection (answer varies)
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