necessary

EXPERIMENT 1
AIM: To study and describe the given flowering plant (1. Petunia, 2. Lathyrus, 3. Asparagus/Allium) and
display of whorls and anther and ovary to show number of chambers.

REQUIREMENTS
Flower, forceps, razor or blade, slides, needles-2, coverslip, microscope, white paper.

PROCEDURE
. Take one suggested flowering plants and make the following observations.
not

. Note down the type of root (tap or adventitious), stem, herbaceous or woody) and leaf

(arrangement, shape, variation, simple or compound) of the plant.

. Note down, whether its flower has a pedicel, bracts, epicalyx or not.

4.Observe the presence of different whorls of floral leaves (ie., calyx, corolla, androecium and
8ynoecium) and insertion of floral leaves.
5.
Carefully take out floral leaves of each whorl and place them whorl wise on a white paper i.e.,
«
pcalyx (if present), sepals, petals, stamens and carpels.
6. Co the number of floral leaves of each whorl and note down their cohesion (union among
unt
e members of the same whorl) or adhesion (union with the floral leaves of other whorl).
7. With Mount the section on
thin sections of anther and ovary.
the help of a blade or razer, cut
the dissecting microscope. Count the number of
n a drop of water and examine under
ovules in each chamber locule.
Ders in anther and ovary and number of
8. Fi and placentation.
Le nature of ovary, style, stigma
9. and draw the floral diagram of the flower.
Observe
E r v e the floral characters, Trv to write floral formula
floral
30
Comprchensiue Laboratory Manual in Biol

TYPE 1. PETUNIA ALBA-PETUNIA

Classification
Division -Angiospermae
- Dicotyledonae
Class
- Solanaceae
Family
Genus - Petunia

- alba
Species
Root - Tap root, branched

Stem -

Herbaceous, erect, hairy

Leaf -

Alternate, opposite in the floral region, petiolate, simple

ovate, hairy.
Inflorescence - Solitary, axillary.

Flower Ebracteate,pedicellate, complete, bisexual, actinomophi

pentamerous, hypogynous.
Calyx Sepals 5, gamosepalous, valvate aestivation, persistent,
inferior, green, hairy
Corolla -

Petals 5, gamopetalous, infundibuliform, valvate

aestivation, white or purplish in colour.
Androecium Stamens 5, alternipetalous, epipetalous, anther
bithecous, basifixed.
Gynoecium -

Bicarpelary, syncarpous, ovary superior, obliquely placed,

bilocular with axile
placentation, swollen placenta, style
long, stigma bifid.
Floral Formula Ebr
K C As G
Reasons for Identification
1. Persistent sepals.

2. Infundibuliform corolla.
3. Stamen epipetalous.
4. Ovary obliquely placed, placentation axile with swollen placenta.
Some more similar flowers are-Solanum tuberosum
potato), Solanum nigrum
(Makoy).
C o r eE x p e n m e n t - 7

31

Anther lobe
Stigma-
Flower
Petal Connective
Stamen Filament
Stamen
Style
Flower
bud Ovary Sepal
Pedicel Thalamus
Stigma
L.S. flower
Flowering twig
Style
Ovary wall
Ovule
Placenta

Ovary T.S. of ovary

Floral diagram
Gynoecium
Fig. 1.10. A flowering twig, parts of flower and floral diagram of Petunia.

Au daqramu to c drUT
34 Comerchensive Laboratory Manual in Biol.
TYPE 3. ASPARAGUS OFFICINALIS-SATAVARI
Biology
Classification
- Angiospermae
Division
Class - Monocotyledonae

Family - Liliaceae

Genus - Asparagus

Species -officinalis
Root -

Adventitious, tuberous to store food.

Stem -

Erect, aerial, woody.

Leaf
-Scaly or modified into spines bearing axillary cladode
Inflorescence
Racemose.
Flower
Bracteate, pedicellate, incomplete, bisexual
Perianth
actinomorphic, hypogynous, trimerous.
-

Tepals 6, arranged in twowhorls of 3 each, slightly

gamophyllous at the base, petaloid, white, each tepal is
marked with a brown midrib.
Androecium
Stamens 6,
polyandrous, arranged twowhorls of 3each,
in
antiphyllous, epiphyllous, anther bithecous, basifixed.
Gynoecium
Tricarpelary, syncarpous, ovary superior, trilocular, each
locule with two ovule, axile
stigma trilobed. placentation, style short,
Floral Formula
Br
Pz3 Ag.s G
Reasons for Identification
1. Flower trimerous.
2. Petaloid perianth in two whorls of 3 each.
3 Stamens 6 in two whorls of 3 each,
4.
epiphyllous.
Ovary tricarpellary, trilocular with axile
placentation.
Some sinmilar
flowers--Asphodelus tenuifolius (Piazi).
Core Experiment-1 35

Cladodes

Flowers

Peduncle

Bract

Leaf spine

A Flowering Branch

Perianth
Stigma
Short style
Ovary
Epiphyllous -Ovule
Thalamus
stamens
Pedicel
V.S. Flower

Floral diagram

Ovary wall

Ovules

Locule

-Placentaae

T.S. of ovary

Fig.1.12. Asparagus officinalis.

AU otiag ram
 Csmprchensive Laboratory Manual in
in Bioln
Biology-
36
CEPA-ONION
TYPE 4. ALLIUM

Classification
- Angiospermae

Division - Monocotyledonae
Class - Liliaceae
Family -Allium
Genus - cepa

Species - Adventitious, fibrous

Root
-

Underground, bulb, inner scales fleshy outer d

Stem
membranous and brown.

Leaf
-Radical, cylindrical, sheathing.
Inflorescence -Umbellate cyme.
Flower
-Bracteate, pedicillate, incomplete, bisexual
actinomorphic, hypogynous, trimerous.

-Tepals 6, arranged in two whorls of 3 each, slighty

Perianth
gamophyllous at the base, petaloid, white in colour, each
tepal is marked with a brown midrib.

Androecium Stamens 6, polyandrous, arrangedin two whorls of3 each,

antiphyllous, epiphyllous, anther bithecous, basifixed
Gynoecium -Tricarpellary, syncarpous,ovarysuperior,trilocular each
locule with two ovule, axile placentation, style short,
stigma trilobed.

Floral Formula Br P Ass Ga

Reasons for Identification

1. Flower trimerous.

2. Petaloid perianth in two whorls of 3 each.

3. Stamens six in two whorls of 3 each, epiphyllous.
Ovary tricarpellary, trilocular with axile placentation.
Some similar flowers-Asparagus officinalis (Satavari), Asphodelus tenuifolius (Piazi).
 37
C o r eE x p e r i m e n t - 1

Flower

Inflorescence

-Bract
Flower bud

Scape

Inflorescene

Stigma

-Leaf
Perianth

Anther

A flower

Tunicated bulb Anther Stigma

Filament

Style
Perianth

Reduced stem Pistil Thalamus Ovary

Pedicel
-Roots L. S. of flower
Mother axis-
Flowering twig

-Ovary wall

Locule

Ovule
Placenta

T. S. of ovary

Floral diagram

Fig. 1.13. Flowering twig, parts of flower and floral diagram of Allum cepa (Onion).

AU dagYama
 38 Comprehensiue Laboratory Manual in Ri
TYPE 5. BRASSICA
CAMPESTRIS-MUSTARD ogy-
Classification
- Angiospermae
Division
- Dicotyledonae
Class
- Bassicaceae (Cruciferae)
Family
- Brassica
Genus

Species -campestris
Root Tap root branched.
Stem -

Erect,
cylindrical, herbaceous.
Leaf -Alternate, sessile, simple, exstipulate.
Inflorescence -

Raceme (a type of racemose infloresence).

Flower Pedicellate, bisexual, actinomorphic, hypogynous.
Calyx Sepals 4, polysepalous, arranged in two whorls of 2 eac
slightly petaloid.
Corolla -

Petals 4, polypetalous, valvate, cruciform, yellow.

Androecium Stamens 6, polyandrous, tetradynamous, arranged i
two whorls (outer of 2 short stamens and inner whor.
of 4 stamens) four dot like nectaries present at the base
of stamens.
Gynoecium -

Bicarpellary,
syncarpous, ovary superior, bilocular due
to the presence of false septum or
replum, placentatio
parietal
Floral Formula
oK2.2CA2.4 G
Reasons for Identification

1 Calyx arranged in two whorls of two each.

2.
2. Corolla 4, polypetalous cruciform
3. Androecium 6, tetradynamous.
4. Gynoecium bicarpellary, syncarpous, superior.
5. Ovary bilocular due to the presence of false septum/replum, placentation parietal
C o r e E x p e n i m e n t - 1

39

Flowers
Stigma Long Stigma
stamen Petal

Pedicel
Short
style
Peduncle Ovary- Lateral
Replum stamen
Sepal
Nectary
Hypogynous-
thalamus
B Pedicel C

Stigma

Short style
Ovary

Short
lateral
Limb stamen Long
stamens
Claw Green
nectaries
D
Thalamus
E F
Fig. 1,14, Brassica campestris. A. a flowering branch; B. V.S. flower
(antero-posterior
plane);C. V.S. flower (lateral plane); D. petal; E. flower with non-essential
parts removed; F. floral diagram.

aiagia