ME211: Engineering Mechanics:

Dynamics

Semester: Fall 2021

Instructor:

Dr. M. Zeeshan Zahir

Department of Mechanical Engineering

zeeshan.zahir@uetpeshawar.edu.pk

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ME211: Text/Reference Books
J. L. Meriam and L. G. Kraige, Engineering Mechanics, Vol I – Statics,
Vol II – Dynamics, 6th Ed, John Wiley, 2008.

F. P. Beer and E. R. Johnston, Vector Mechanics for Engineers, Vol I -

Statics, Vol II – Dynamics, 9th Ed, Tata McGraw Hill, 2011.

I. H. Shames, Engineering Mechanics: Statics and dynamics, 4th Ed,

PHI, 2002.

R. C. Hibbler, Engineering Mechanics: Principles of Statics and Dynamics,

Pearson Press, 2006.

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ME211: Evaluation
Quizzes+ Class Room Participation + Assignments: 20%

Mid-Semester Examination: 20%

Final-Semester Examination: 60%

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ME 211: Mechanics

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ME211: Mechanics

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ME211: Mechanics

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ME211: Mechanics

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ME211: Mechanics

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ME211: Mechanics

What if we don't do it properly?

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ME211: Mechanics
• Mechanics: deals with the action of forces on bodies

 Rest (Statics) Kinetics

 Motion (Dynamics)
Kinematics

Kinetics: Study of motion with reference to force, which

causes the motion.
(Relationship b/w Force, Torque and Motion)
OR
(Study of Force/Torque causing motion)

Kinematics: Study of motion without reference to the

force, which causes the motion.
(Relationship b/w velocity, displacement and acceleration)

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ME211: Mechanics

• Mechanics :: concerned with state of rest

or motion of bodies subjected to the action
of forces

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ME211: Engineering Mechanics – Why?

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ME211: Engineering Mechanics – Why?

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ME211: Engineering Mechanics – Why?

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ME211: Classification
• Mechanics ::

– Rigid Body mechanics

• ME111 & ME211 courses

– Deformable Body mechanics

– Fluid mechanics

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Basic Concepts
• Rigid Body: No deformation under any load
– Change in distance between any two points
negligible as compared to body dimensions

x
z

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Rigid body mechanics :: Idealization
• Rigid Body
– A combination of large number of particles in
which all particles remain at a fixed distance
(practically) from one another before and after
applying a load

– Material properties not required when

analyzing the forces acting on the body

– design and analysis of many types of structural

members, mechanical components, electrical
devices, etc., encountered in engineering.

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Rigid body mechanics :: Statics
• Statics
– equilibrium of rigid body under action
of forces

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Rigid body mechanics :: Dynamics
• Dynamics
– motion of bodies (acceleration/deceleration)

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Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts
• Space: Geometric region occupied by bodies
It can be determined by relative to some geometric reference
by means of linear & angular measurements.

– Position of a point in space

• Coordinate system
– Cartesian (x, y, z)
– Spherical (r, , )
– Cylindrical (ρ, , z)

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Mechanics: Spherical coordinate system
• Application
– Separation of variables in partial differential
equations, e.g., Laplace eqn

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Mechanics: Cylindrical coordinate system
• Application
– Physical phenomena with spherical symmetry, e.g.,
water flow in a circular pipe

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Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts
• Time
– Measure of succession of events (period
b/w two events)
– Basic quantity/dimension
• Mass
– Quantity of matter in a body
– Measure of inertia
– Basic quantity/dimension

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Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts
• Force
– Tends to move a body along its direction
• Change in velocity
– Characterization
• Magnitude
Vector
• Direction
• Point of application
-2
– Derived quantity (MLT )
– Occurrence as interaction between bodies
• Gravitational, electromagnetic actions

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Mechanics: Fundamental Concepts
• More about mass and weight
– No change in mass with change in location
of body
– Weight refers to gravitational attraction on
a body
• May change with location

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Mechanics: Idealization as particle
• Particle
– A body with mass but with
negligible dimensions

: Size of earth insignificant

compared to the size of
its orbit
: Earth can be modeled as a
particle when studying its
orbital motion
: Simplified analysis -
geometry of the body is not
involved in the analysis.
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Mechanics: Force idealization
• Concentrated Force
– Line of action of weight through the centre of
gravity of the body
– Area over which the load is applied is very
small compared to the overall size of the body

Ex: Contact Force

between a wheel
and ground.

40 kN 160 kN

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Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
• Basis of rigid body statics
– First Law: A particle originally at rest, or moving in a
straight line with constant velocity, tends to remain
in this state provided the particle is not subjected to
an unbalanced force
– Principle of force equilibrium
• Statics

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Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
• Basis of rigid body dynamics
– Second Law: A particle of mass “m” acted upon by an
unbalanced force “F” experiences an acceleration “a”
that has the same direction as the force and a
magnitude that is directly proportional to the force

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Mechanics: Newton’s Three Laws of Motion
• Application in both statics and dynamics
– Third Law: The mutual forces of action and reaction
between two particles are equal, opposite and collinear

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Mechanics: Newton’s Law of Gravitational Attraction
• Gravitational attraction between any two
particles
F = mutual force of attraction between
two particles
F  G m1m2 G = universal constant of gravitation
r2 
Experiments G = 6.673x10-11 m3/(kg.s2)
: Rotation of Earth is not taken into account
m1, m2 = masses of two particles
r = distance between two particles

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Mechanics: Gravitational Attraction of Earth
• Weight of a particle/body
– Location of a particle/body near or at the surface
of the earth
• Only significant gravitational force is that
between the earth and the particle/body
– Weight of particle/body
: Assuming earth to be a non-rotating sphere
of constant density and having mass m2 = Me
: r = distance between the earth’s center
and the particle
: Let g = GMe /r2 = accln. due to gravity
(9.81 m/s2)
: In g, earth’s rotation is taken into account

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Mechanics: Units
In Mechanics the commonly used basic and derived quantities are Length, Mass, Time and Force.
All physical quantities have a fundamental dimension that is independent of the units of measurement.
The physical dimensions most commonly used are: length, mass, time and Force.

F  ma N = kg.m/s2
1 Newton is the force required to give a mass of 1 kg an accln of 1 m/s2.
W  mg  2
N = kg.m/s
US Customary Units (FPS)

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Unit Conversions

As, So, 1 Slug = 14.5945 kg

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Mechanics: Prefixes of units
• Very large or very small numerical quantity

– Mil: 1/1000th of an inch

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Mechanics:

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Mechanics: Scalars and Vectors
• Scalar
• (Physical Quantity that can be described by magnitude only)
– Only magnitude is associated with it
• e.g., time, volume, density, speed, energy, mass etc.
• Vector
• (Physical Quantity that required magnitude as well as direction
for complete description)
– Possess direction as well as magnitude
– e.g., displacement, velocity, acceleration etc.

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Mechanics: Scalars and Vectors (Revision)
A Vector V can be written as: V = Vn
V = magnitude of V
n = unit vector whose magnitude is one and whose direction
coincides with that of V
Unit vector can be formed by dividing any vector, such as the
geometric position vector, by its length or magnitude

Vectors represented by Bold and Non-Italic letters (V)

Magnitude of vectors represented by Non-Bold, Italic letters
(V) y j
x i
z k
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Types of Vectors: Fixed Vector
• Fixed Vector
– Constant magnitude and direction
• Unique point of application
– e.g., force on a deformable body
F
F

Local
depression

– e.g., force on a given particle

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Types of Vectors: Sliding Vector
• Sliding Vector
– Constant magnitude and direction
Unique line of action
– “Slide” along the line of action
No unique point of application

Force on
coach F

Force on
coach F

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Types of Vectors: Sliding Vector
• Sliding Vector
– Principle of Transmissibility
Application of force at any point along a particular
line of action
– No change in resultant external effects of the force

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Types of Vectors: Free Vector
• Free Vector
– Freely movable in space
No unique line of action
– No unique point of application
– e.g., moment of a couple

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Mechanics: Scalars and Vectors
• Vector addition
– Equivalent vector R= a + b (Vector Sum)

• Vector Subtraction
Negative of a vector (Change direction of a vector)
– Equivalent vector C= A - B

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Mechanics: Scalars and Vectors
• Laws of vector addition
–Head to Tail Rule

– Parallelogram law of addition

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Vectors: Rules of addition
• Parallelogram Law
– Equivalent vector represented by the
diagonal of a parallelogram
• V = V1 + V2 (Vector Sum)
• V  V1 + V2 (Scalar sum)

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Vectors: Parallelogram law of addition
• Addition of 3 vectors
– F1 + F2 + F3 = R

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Vectors: Rules of addition
• Trigonometric Rule
– Law of Sines
– Law of Cosine

B
A
C

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Exercise Problems (DIYS)

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Questions??

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Thank You.

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